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![]() Seafood - Market Overview
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Products | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
---|---|---|---|---|
cod | 278 | 339 | 416 | 528 |
other frozen | 50 | 182 | 200 | 201 |
shrimp | 59 | 121 | 121 | 95 |
squid | 60 | 132 | 114 | 115 |
plaice | 24 | 54 | 57 | 66 |
livers, roes | 23 | 38 | 53 | 69 |
crab (frozen) | 50 | 70 | 48 | 57 |
Pacific salmon | 10 | 14 | 45 | 36 |
Fillet | 15 | 24 | 39 | 23 |
dried, salted | 32 | 41 | 28 | 35 |
mackerel | 5 | 16 | 30 | 32 |
live fish | 194 | 51 | 12 | 17 |
herring | 2 | 11 | 12 | 22 |
haddock | 1 | 3 | 11 | 22 |
crab (not frozen) | 1 | 3 | 10 | 24 |
shrimp (not frozen) | 7 | 14 | 11 | 10 |
lobster | 1 | 4 | 1 | - |
Total | 881 | 1 212 | 1 331 | 1 564 |
Canada is the fifth largest supplier of seafood to the Chinese market and if present trends continue could become the third largest supplier within a few years. The major export product of Russia, the largest supplier, is Alaska pollock for reprocessing. It is interesting to note that the large majority of seafood imported by China is not for local consumption but for reprocessing with low cost labour and re-export. Approximately 75% of all seafood imports come through the northern ports of Dalian and Qingdao where the seafood processing operations are centred.
Country | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 |
Russia | 278 | 345 | 622 |
North Korea | 3 | 4 | 143 |
United States | 55 | 79 | 105 |
Japan | 85 | 135 | 99 |
Canada | 25 | 77 | 79 |
Norway | 8 | 42 | 63 |
Total | 667 | 1212 | 1564 |
Canadian seafood exports to China have grown dramatically over the last five years, having increase more than four-fold from $50 million in 1997 to $207 million in 2002. Crab and shrimp are the major export items. Of particular interest is the increasing range of products being exported to China.
Product | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
---|---|---|---|---|
frozen crab | 52.0 | 57.0 | 53.1 | 66.1 |
crab, not frozen | 2.0 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
frozen shrimp | 12.9 | 18.7 | 24.0 | 98.8 |
frozen lobster | .1 | .5 | 1.9 | - |
lobster, live | .2 | .1 | .2 | 1.0 |
livers and roes | 9.4 | 13.6 | 10.5 | 9.1 |
molluscs (live or fresh) | 4.4 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
molluscs (frozen) | 7.5 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 |
halibut/turbot | - | .2 | 1.7 | 5.8 |
mackerel | - | - | .2 | 3.3 |
fillets (frozen) | - | .4 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
Total | 91.6 | 108.5 | 112.9 | 207.4 |
Source: Statistics Canada
After arriving at the ports, frozen seafood products destined for retail markets are shipped via China's railway and highway transportation network to the various cities for sale. The distribution chain is as follows: the primary importers sell to local first-level wholesalers, who then transfer product to dealers, who in turn sell to retailers. The main retail venues for seafood in China are the wet markets and food stores, however, much of the imported product would be sold through supermarkets or high end hotel and restaurants.
In addition to frozen seafood, there is a smaller but substantial market for live seafood in China. Live seafood products are shipped by air and the main points of entry are Beijing and Shanghai. Among the many live seafood products entering China are, dungeness crab, oysters, lobster, and geoduck clams from Canada, rock lobsters from Australia, and oysters from New Zealand.
China's high seafood tariffs have been a significant impediment to long term growth of imports to China. However, China's accession to the WTO has resulted in major reductions for a wide range of seafood products of interest to Canada as shown in the table below.
Product | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fish: fresh or chilled | ||||
salmon | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
trout | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
livers and roes | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
frozen (excl fillets) | ||||
salmon | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
trout | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
halibut | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
plaice, sole | 14 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
tuna | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
herring, cod | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
mackerel | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
dogfish, sharks | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
sardines, haddock | 14 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
eels, sea bass | 14 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
livers and roes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
fillets | ||||
fresh or chilled | 18 | 16 | 15 | 12 |
frozen | 18 | 16 | 13.3 | 10 |
dried, salted, brine, smoked | ||||
smoked salmon | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14 | 14 |
smoked herring | 21.6 | 18.8 | 16 | 16 |
dried cod | 20.02 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
salted herring | 21.6 | 18.8 | 16 | 16 |
salted cod | 21.6 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
Crustaceans, molluscs: live, fresh, chilled, frozen | ||||
lobster | 20 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 10 |
shrimp (shelled) | 13.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
shrimp (unshelled) | 13.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
crab | 20 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 10 |
oysters | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14 | 14 |
scallops | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14 | 14 |
mussels | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14 | 14 |
sea cucumber | 20 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 10 |
abalone | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 |
cuttlefish | 15.3 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
octopus | 22.2 | 19.6 | 17 | 17 |
The importation of fish and shellfish is subject to different regulations and inspections depending on the product and the degree of processing. The State General Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) issued new regulations covering aquatic products which became effective June 30, 2003. These regulations cover the requirements for the inspection health certificate as well as labelling regulations. A translation of the regulations can be found at: http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200212/145784909.pdf
Once all inspections have been cleared, seafood products will pass through China Customs where the CIF price (Cost+Insurance+Freight) is subject to the appropriate tariff. In addition to the customs import tariff there is a Value Added Tax (VAT) on the CIF price of 3% for fresh seafood products and 17% for other seafood products.
This process can be a challenge. Payment conditions must be carefully negotiated, well understood and mutually acceptable between the buyer and the Canadian exporter before the trade transaction occurs. Importers will aggressively seek the most favourable payment terms possible. Many local companies may have difficulty accessing foreign currency.
For live seafood products the terms are generally cash or telegraphic transfer before they are shipped overseas by foreign suppliers. Telegraphic transfers or wire transfers are simple and inexpensive to set up at the Bank of China but are generally used only for small value trade transactions. A letter of credit is more expensive to set up with the Bank of China and can take some time to process, however, it guarantees that the export company will be paid in a timely manner. Due to the uncertainties associated with doing business in China, many Canadian exporters like the comfort of using the export insurance guarantee provided by the Export Development Corporation.
For up-to-date lists of Chinese seafood importers please contact the Canadian Embassy in Beijing and the Consulates in Shanghai and Guangzhou.
8th China Fisheries & Seafood Expo 2003
8th Aquaculture China 2003
Shanghai Everbright Convention and Exhibition Centre
Oct. 29-31, 2003
http://www.chinaseafoodexpo.com/
This annual exposition is the largest international seafood show in China. Last year Canada had a substantial presence at the Expo in Qingdao. Agriculture Canada, together with Canadian Consulate General in Shanghai, are actively planning for this year's Canadian Pavilion.
Date Modified: 2003-09-10 | Important Notices |