Sub-sector Profiles: Index
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The Canadian Tea and Coffee Industry

The tea and coffee industry, North America Industrial Classification System (NAICS) 31192, consists of establishments primarily engaged in roasting coffee, manufacturing coffee and tea extracts and concentrates, including instant and freeze dried, blending tea, and manufacturing herbal tea. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing coffee and tea substitutes are also included.

Not included in this category are establishments that bottle or can iced tea or coffee. These are included under NAICS 31211 Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing.

Introduction

Unless specified, statistical data used in this analysis of the tea and coffee industry is combined.

Although Canada does not have the appropriate climate for growing tea and coffee, Canadian-based firms do import raw materials for processing and resale into domestic and export markets. Tea and coffee manufactured for retail and foodservice markets has been a very important component of food and beverage processing in the country for many years.

Tea and coffee have been enjoyed by North Americans for centuries. Coffee is believed to have arrived in North America in 1607, however the first reference to coffee being drunk in North America was in 1668. Tea travelled from Europe with the pioneers who explored and settled North America. The first shipment to arrive in Canada was imported by the Hudson Bay Company in 1716 and took more than a year to arrive.

According to the Tea Council of Canada, the tea industry has recently experienced growth because tea is inexpensive, consumers enjoy its taste and variety, and also because consumers are aware of health benefits associated with drinking tea. While traditional black tea is still the preferred type, a wide variety of specialty teas and iced teas are being consumed in Canada. An ACNielsen survey conducted in March 2000 indicated that 92% of teens drink tea. Among consumers aged 12 to 17 years, 80% drink iced tea, 48% drink herbal infusions and 41% drink regular black tea.

The industry serves primarily the domestic market. Statistics Canada data show that in 1992, domestic penetration measured 79.2% of the Canadian market for tea and coffee, while 8.8% of manufacturing shipments were exported. In 1999, exports had increased significantly to 25.1% of shipments. Imports had also increased as a percent of the Canadian market since 1992 from 20.8% to 38.9% in 1999.

From 1990 to 1999, per capita consumption of tea has increased from 0.54 kg (tea leaves) to 0.86 kg. Today, 90% of Canadians drink tea and consume about 7 billion cups per year.

Per capita consumption of coffee has increased slightly since 1990 from 4.27 kg (beans) to 4.52 kg in 1999. According to the Coffee Association of Canada, Canadians drink over 15 billion cups of coffee a year, making coffee Canada's favourite hot beverage. The average coffee drinker consumes three cups per day. Of all coffee consumed, 74% is roast and ground, 20% is instant, and 6% is specialty. Decaffeinated coffee represents 9% of total coffee consumption.

Significance

The tea and coffee industry represented 1.9% of the total value of food and beverage shipments, 1.1% of employment in the sector, and 1.1% of the number of food and beverage plants in 1999.

Tea and coffee make up about 28% on a volume basis of all non-alcoholic beverages sold at retail in 1998-99 according to A.C. Nielsen.

In 1999, manufacturing shipments of tea and coffee combined totalled $1110.5 million, of which $278.3 million was exported. (See Figure 1.) The Canadian market absorbed the remaining $832.2 million in domestic shipments and a volume of imports worth $486.2 million. This industry continues to be a net importer.

Figure 1: Imports, Exports and Domestic Shipments, 1999

Value-added, which is a measure of the value of an establishment's outputs minus the cost of inputs, was 30.6% of the total value of shipments for the tea and coffee sector in 1999.

This compares favourably to the Canadian food and beverage industry as a whole which had a value-added of 37.9% in 1999.

Figure 2: Total Shipments of Own Manufacture and Employment, 1990 - 1999

Statistics Canada data show that the Canadian market for tea and coffee totalled $1.3 billion in 1999. Domestic market retail sales of coffee totalled $422.2 million in 1999, down slightly from 1998 when retail sales totalled $442.8 million. Sales figures for coffee have been affected by declining prices for traded coffee. Canadian domestic market retail sales of tea totalled $219.9 million in 1999, an increase over 1998 when retail sales totalled $201.8 million (including specialty, iced and instant teas). The largest increase was in the specialty (14%) and iced tea (20.2%) categories (based on ACNielsen Beverage Study, 1999).

The figures provided in the above paragraph (retail sales totalling $642.1 million in 1999 for coffee and tea combined and a total market of $1.3 billion) clearly indicate that foodservice has evolved into the dominant distribution channel for Canada's tea and coffee industry. In fact, in 1999 Canada's coffee and tea foodservice industry accounted for $855.4 million or almost 60% of total tea and coffee sales. For coffee, the foodservice industry is experiencing close to double-digit growth as the share of cups consumed away from home has grown to about 30%.

Sales of tea measured by volume (litres) made up about 11.7% of all non-alcoholic beverages in 1998 and 1999, while sales of coffee made up about 16.4% of all non-alcoholic beverages in 1998 and 1999 (based on ACNielsen Beverage Study, 1999).

In 1999, 43.7% of Canadian retail sales of tea were in Ontario, 36.7% were in Western Canada, 11.7% were in Quebec, and 8% were in Atlantic Canada (based on ACNielsen Beverage Study, 1999).

For the same year, 35.4% of Canadian retail sales of coffee were in Ontario, 34.6% were in Western Canada, 24.1% were in Quebec, and 5.9% were in Atlantic Canada (based on ACNielsen Beverage Study, 1999).

Structure

In 1999, 41 establishments⁽¹⁾ (plants) in the tea and coffee industry shipped $1110.5 million worth of product and employed 2617 people. This data does not include the many smaller two- to five-person operations supplying the foodservice and specialty segments of the industry.

There is a strong multinational presence in both the tea and coffee industries with some firms offering both products.

MNEs have contributed to growth of both imports and exports as their Canadian plants have focussed on areas where they have competitive advantages on a regional basis in both U.S. and Canadian markets or in production flexibility. Canadian plants produce commonly known brands for the Canadian or North American markets, while benefitting from the marketing strengths of their parent MNE firms. They often have product mandates for "mainstream" products, as well as for value-added short-run production of less popular lines. Such mandates can build exports. At the same time, the need to fill out product offerings in the Canadian market can increase imports.

Similarly, many SMEs have rationalized and focussed their operations to remain competitive. These strategies involve the development of specialty products for market niches. In some cases SMEs also co-pack brand name products for MNEs or produce private-label products.

The majority of tea processing takes place in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. There are also many small and medium-sized Canadian-owned firms located across the country, serving regional markets. Production facilities range in size from small one- or two-person operations to large plants employing 300 people. Three of the four major tea manufacturers (sales over $100 million) are foreign-owned.

Coffee processors are located mainly in Ontario, and Quebec, with small and medium-sized firms located across the country. Production facilities range from five-person operations to larger plants employing 300 people. Two of the four major coffee manufacturers (sales over $100 million) are foreign-owned.

Performance

Domestic Market Performance

The number of establishments (plants) in the tea and coffee sub-sector has increased from 37 in 1990 to 41 in 1999.

From 1990 to 1999, manufacturing shipments of tea and coffee increased 54.5% from a value of $718.7 million in 1990 to $1110.5 million in 1999.

Retail sales of tea in 1999, measured in litres, have increased 2.2% over volumes sold in 1998. Specialty teas and iced teas fueled this growth. Retail sales of coffee in 1999, also measured in litres, have increased 1.9% over volumes sold in 1998. (A.C. Nielsen Beverage Study, 1999)

Tea and coffee beverages compete with a variety of other beverages including flavoured soft drinks, milk, fruit juices, bottled water, vegetable juices, soya beverages, hot chocolate, and low alcohol wine coolers and ciders. Based on retail dollar values, sales of tea made up about 3.9% of all non-alcoholic beverages in 1998 and 1999, while sales of coffee made up about 8.3% of all non-alcoholic beverages in 1998 and 7.7% in 1999. This decrease in the value of retail sales has been due to falling prices for traded coffee. (ACNielsen Beverage Study, 1999)

In addition to retail sales, the foodservice sector has had a considerable impact on the tea and coffee industry. Coffee-theme restaurants and vending machines have been a major factor in driving coffee sales in the mid- to late-1990s.

Value-added is a measure of the value of an establishment's outputs minus the cost of inputs. Value-added in this industry has increased 3% since 1990 to a value of $339.7 million in 1999. As a percentage of manufacturing shipments, value-added has decreased from 45.9% in 1990 to 30.6% in 1999. Value-added per employee, has increased by 9% from 1990 to 1999.

Profitability is affected by the prices firms have to pay for raw coffee beans, a major cost of production to coffee processors. In New York price discovery, or the negotiation of the current best price on raw coffee, occurs through the Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange, Inc. (CSCE), a commodity exchange through the New York Board of Trade. Processors may participate as hedgers in the coffee futures market of the CSCE. They can purchase coffee futures contracts in order to lock in prices for future purchases or sales assisting in business planning and smoothing operations. Hedgers are primarily firms that trade futures and options to reduce the risk to unfavourable price movements.

Employment

Despite increases in the number of plants, employment in the industry declined from 3075 people in 1990 to 2617 people in 1999, a decrease of 14% (see Figure 2).

This decline was accompanied by an improvement in labour productivity during the 1990s as measured in output per plant worker. In 1990 the value of output per worker was $461,296 increasing to $754,416 in 1999. In making these improvements, the industry better positioned itself to compete in the domestic market against other beverages and in foreign markets such as the U.S.

Investment

While there is no data available on new investment in this industry, new investment in plant buildings, equipment and automated production systems has occurred to meet the increase in production and consumption of tea and coffee products. Much of this new capital investment is likely concentrated in the coffee business which appears to have enjoyed the most significant growth in production and exports.

Trade Performance

After petroleum, coffee is the second most important commodity traded in world markets.

Canadian exports of tea and coffee combined have increased significantly from $75.1 million in 1992 to $278.5 million in 2001. (See Figure 3.) The bulk of these ($262.6 million or 94.3%) are exported to the U.S.. The U.S. is the world's largest market consuming one-third of the world's coffee. Imports of tea and coffee have also increased from $203.5 million in 1992 to $424.3 million in 2001 (of which 69.1% or $293.2 million was imported from the U.S.). This figure includes imports of coffee, tea, maté and spices, instant coffee, tea extracts, maté extracts, essences and concentrates.

Canadian exports of coffee in 2001 have made a significant contribution to Canada's exports of value-added products. Exports of processed coffee (including roasted, but not decaffeinated, roasted and decaffeinated, and not roasted but decaffeinated) represented almost 1% of Canada's $14.3 billion worth of processed food and beverage products.

Over the past ten years, Canadian exports of processed coffee experienced spectacular growth. Exports of roasted coffee amounted to $8.3 million in 1990, but by 2001, these exports grew to $132.6 million.

Exports of tea also increased during the same period, from almost $200,000 in 1990 to $558,315 in 2001.

Figure 3: Processed Tea and Processed Coffee Exports and Imports, 1992 - 2001

The trend to an increasing share of processed versus raw coffee imports has been ongoing since 1990. In 1990, processed coffee made up 22.4% ($62.1 million) of total coffee imports valued at $277.7 million. By 2001, the share of processed coffee imported had almost doubled to 40.9% ($226.0 million) of a total value of coffee imports of $552.4 million. Of this amount, roasted coffee (including decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated) accounted for the largest portion with a value of $213.5 million. Canadian coffee processors are increasingly yielding domestic market share to imported products. (See Figure 4.)

Regarding imports, the situation is similar for the Canadian tea industry. In 1990, processed tea accounted for almost 78% of total tea imports. By 2001, processed tea accounted for an estimated 85% of total tea imports of $133 million. Imports of tea bags for individual servings in that year was the largest category totalling $79 million. (See Figure 5.)

The United States, Brazil, and Italy led imports of roasted coffee in 2001. The top three countries importing raw coffee to Canada in 2001 were Colombia, Brazil and Guatemala.

Figure 4: Exports and Imports of Processed Coffee, 1990-2001

While the United Kingdom, the United States, and Sri Lanka dominated imports of black tea in bags for individual servings in 2001, the United States, the United Kingdom and China led imports of green tea in bags in 2001. The top three countries providing Canada with bulk black tea imports in 2001 were Kenya, Sri Lanka and the United States. Japan, the United States and China led imports of bulk green tea in 2001.

The world price of raw coffee, which positively affects profits for processors, has been in decline due to oversupply in the late 1990s. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Coffee Association (ICO) have projected world coffee production to grow at an annual rate of 2.7% from 1995 to 2005. By 2005, global output is expected to reach 7.31 million tonnes, compared to 5.4 million tonnes in the mid-1990s.

Figure 5: Exports and Imports of Processed Tea, 1990- 2001

World coffee consumption is projected to grow by 1.7% annually to reach 6.74 million tonnes by 2005, compared to 5.63 million tonnes in the mid-1990s. These projections, although subject to possible changes in output because of bad weather, indicate an oversupply of coffee in the world market by 2005 which will mean raw coffee prices should remain low.

The FAO also projects world production of black tea to increase by 2005 but production is expected to be in balance with world consumption. By 2005, world production is expected to increase by 2.8% annually to 2.7 million tonnes, compared to 1.97 million tonnes in the mid-1990s. At the same time, world consumption of black tea is expected to increase by 2.8% to 2.67 million tonnes in 2005, compared to 1.97 million tonnes in the mid-1990s.

Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

Issues

Regulatory Issues

Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act

The Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act, enforced by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, requires that prepackaged foods either imported or made in Canada, must not bear any false or misleading information regarding its origin, quality, performance, net weight or quantity.

Food and Drug Act

Canadian tea manufacturers maintain that one of the challenges their industry faces involves the labelling of antioxidants.

The Food and Drug Act sets out conditions regarding health and quality requirements that would apply to tea and coffee manufacturers just as they would to other food manufacturers so that consumers will have confidence in the safety of the products they purchase.

In Canada, firms have not been allowed to make health claims on food labels unless those foods are classed and approved as drugs. At the time this profile was being prepared Health Canada was consulting on a list of health claims that might be permitted on labels of specific foods. If a final decision is made to permit health claims similar to those proposed by tea manufacturers and others, the Food and Drug Act Regulations would have to be amended.

With respect to environmental issues, processing firms must meet all laws (e.g. the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and each province's legislation) and regulations. Under the Pest Control Products Act and regulations pursuant to this Act, Health Canada determines which pesticide sprays are approved for use and how they are to be used. Firms check pesticide residue levels in their products to ensure that they are within regulation levels. Consumer awareness of pesticide residues and their impacts on human health and the environment is increasing.

One environmental issue that food processors in general have faced is waste remaining from packaging. Reductions in container weight can result in reductions in fuel used by large trucks as well as wear and tear on tractor trailers when hauling product to market, with the added environmental benefits of reducing the amounts of wasted materials as well as emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants.

Waste reduction is important everywhere and particularly for large urban centres that are rapidly using their landfill capacity and are experiencing difficulty and expense in finding and using acceptable new landfill sites. Reduction of materials in packing cartons can potentially provide both financial and environmental benefits.

Similarly, reductions in waste go hand-in-hand with cost savings as food processors and other manufacturers make increasing use of plastic, rather than wooden, pallets. Although more expensive to buy, plastic pallets, which can be made from recycled plastic, can be used many more times than wooden pallets which tend to be mangled fairly quickly by fork lifts and then sent to landfill.

Prior to plant construction, food processors must meet municipal zoning requirements. A proposal to build a new state of the art plant or to substantially enlarge an existing facility could result in hearings to assess environmental impacts before construction may proceed. Provinces and municipalities have to be satisfied that systems will be put in place for waste water treatment. Some processors take a pro-active approach by developing "best practices" with respect to the environment, for example reducing their energy and water usage as well as their creation of both solid and water waste.

Overall, there is a trend to internationalize regulations through general trade treaties, and the industry will face the challenge of looking at regulations that could be harmonized, either bilaterally with the U.S. or multilaterally through the World Trade Organization and Codex Alimentarius.

Fairly traded coffee, for which farmers are guaranteed a minimum price for their product and work under safe conditions, has recently become an issue for the coffee industry. Fairly traded coffee accounted for approximately 1.8% of the Canadian coffee market in 2001 but has grown from 0.5% over two years. Challenges to further growth include lack of infrastructure, capacity and financing at the cooperative level, limited consumer demand in North America, and quality issues. Cooperatives are increasingly striving to improve quality at all levels in order to compete with specialty coffees.

With respect to tea, there have been a few concerns about the use of child or forced labour in tea plantations. (Most of the world's tea is grown on plantations rather than on small-scale farms.) However, "fair trade tea" has not become as large an issue as for coffee.

Finished coffee products made from "fairly traded coffee" are available in health food stores and, in the case of foodservice, in specialty cafes in Canada. There is a small but growing specialty market among consumers who are concerned about the ethics of traditional coffee production and harvesting practices in developing countries. In Canada and in other developed countries, these consumers are willing to pay a premium for "fairly traded coffee".

In a rapidly changing climate, the tea and coffee industry as with other food processing industries must address a number of challenges if it is to continue to grow and prosper. Some of these include the following:

*concentration of major retail chains, resulting in a higher degree of competition for shelf space;

* increase in demand from these same retailers for private label products which will compete directly with manufacturers' brands;

*changing consumer demographics resulting in changing consumer tastes and increased demand for healthy products.

For both tea and coffee manufacturers, the domestic market will likely continue to be their most important market for the foreseeable future. The Canadian market is small, but sophisticated, and extremely well served which means that competition will continue to be strong.

During the past decade, the introduction of warehouse club stores that emphasize value, as well as the increasing concentration of the distribution sector in general, have increased pressure on processors to reduce prices and focus on efficiencies. Furthermore, the introduction and increasing prevalence of private or own-label products by retailers have further pressured processor margins and increased retailer leverage. Although making goods for private label leaves retailers in control of the "brand equity" resulting from consumer loyalty and leaves lower margins for processors, it has provided real growth opportunities for some small- and medium-sized processors without requiring the expenditures needed to launch their own brands. These market forces will continue to be a challenge in the future.

Although retail concentration has increased over the years, tea and coffee manufacturers enjoy a wider variety of distribution channels than many other processed food products which it must continue to exploit. The industry distributes its products through supermarkets and grocery stores, drug stores, convenience stores, mass merchandisers and warehouse outlets. Restaurants are also major purchasing points for tea and coffee, while vending is an important component of distribution for coffee, making it available to consumers at strategic locations.

The tea industry would like to enjoy growth similar to that of the coffee industry through the additional distribution channels. To this end, The Tea Council of Canada promotes a nationally recognized tea grading standard as well as a certificate of excellence program for foodservice operators. These initiatives address such issues as product quality, consistency and availability. An additional challenge for the tea industry is to find ways to improve tea servings at the foodservice takeout window.

As demand for healthy products increases, the tea industry is working to increase consumer awareness of the health benefits of tea. A March 2001 ACNielson survey of Canadians showed that 45% believe that tea offers significant health benefits.

In a move to create product extensions and greater consumer interest, the coffee and tea industry continues to work hard to add premium items and ready-to-drink formats to their line of products. This pressure will continue to come in the form of both retail and foodservice products. Coffee-theme chain restaurants are expected to remain an important catalyst in driving both future consumption and product development for the foreseeable future.

Like all food and beverage processors, the tea and coffee industry is assessing how to deal with the emergence of E-commerce. The industry is examining how it can effectively use this medium to increase efficiencies through business-to-business solutions and the development of web-based marketing strategies.

For example, as a minimum most major firms do have websites which they use to provide information to raise the profile of their company and products they produce.

Like other food and beverage processors, the tea and coffee industry is rapidly moving with the rest of the retail packaged goods industry to using Canada's national electronic product registry/catalogue known as ECCnet, developed by the Electronic Council of Canada. The registry facilitates E-commerce by ensuring the integrity of product data using international standards of data exchange. By January 2003, the registry is to be the only source of product data for selling to Canada's major food retailers. As part of its E-commerce development, food processors are developing the capability to track and trace their products throughout the food chain to specific batches at processing plants and will eventually be able to trace batches back to their origin.

The increased variety of specialty teas and coffees have altered the demographics of this industry and has proven to be one of the industry's biggest marketing success stories. Younger consumers have rediscovered these beverages and are attracted to the many varieties - hot and cold. Though coffee and tea have historically been identified as a morning beverage, this new generation will likely contribute to expanding traditional consumption patterns in the future.

Associations

Mr. Sandy McAlpine
President
Coffee Association of Canada
Suite 301, 885 Don Mills Road
Don Mills, Ontario M3C 1V9
Tel: (416) 510-8032
Fax: (415) 510-8044

Departmental Contact

Bill Goodman
Food Bureau
Market and Industry Services Branch
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C5
Tel: (613) 759-7548
Fax: (613) 759-7480
email: goodmanb@agr.gc.ca (...check)

Monica Treidlinger (author)
Food Bureau
Market and Industry Services Branch
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Types of Tea

The Tea Council of Canada describes tea types as follows:

Black tea is made from tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis) that have been fully oxidized. It is the oxidation process (also known as fermentation), when oxygen comes into contact with the enzymes in the tea leaf, that distinguishes black teas from green teas.

Green tea is made from tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis) that are not oxidized. Instead they are withered, immediately steamed or heated to prevent oxidation and then rolled and dried.

Oolong tea is made from partly oxidized tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis), combining the taste and colour qualities of black and green tea.

Flavoured teas are real teas (Camellia Sinensis) blended with fruit, spices or herbs. They may be blended with fruit peel or treated with the natural oil or essence, or blended with spices such as cinnamon or nutmeg, flowers or other plants.

Herbal/Tisanes do not contain any real tea leaf. Rather they are an herbal beverage or infusion derived from a single ingredient or blend of flowers, herbs, spices, fruit, berries and other plants (eg. Camomile, peppermint, nettle).

Types of Coffee

Coffee belongs to the botanical family Rubiaceae, which has some 500 genera and over 6,000 species. The two most important species of coffee economically are Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) which accounts for about 70% of world production, and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). Crosses between arabica and robusta aim to improve arabica by conferring disease resistance and vigour or to improve on the cup quality of robusta.

Conventional coffees are roasted and during the process the coffee beans turn brown. The roasting process brings out the taste and aromatic qualities of coffees. Once roasted, good quality beans are then electronically sorted to eliminate off-colour or undersized beans. Immediately following roasting, coffee may be packaged to preserve its quality and then sold as whole beans, or ground by the manufacturer. Effective hermetically sealed packaging is required for ground products because the character of ground coffees can change quickly and lose their aromatic qualities.

Decaffeinated coffee is green, roasted or soluble coffee from which caffeine has been extracted. Because most flavour components develop during roasting, coffee is usually decaffeinated in the green bean form, before roasting. Many methods are used in the decaffeination process including the use of acids, alkalis, chlorinated solvents, hot water, or steam. All decaffeination methods in use today remove at least 97% of the caffeine naturally present in the coffee bean.

Instant or soluble coffees are made by dehydrating a liquid concentration of coffee prepared with hot water. This can be done through a spray drying process, by drying under vacuum or by lyophilization (freeze drying). As in the case of ground coffees, soluble coffees absorb moisture easily so immediate and effective vacuum packaging follows processing. The addition of hot water to this soluble powder forms reconstitute coffee.

Espresso coffee is a method of brewing coffee in which hot water under high pressure is forced through a bed of finely ground coffee resulting in a concentrated beverage that is brewed in less than 30 seconds.

Cappuccino coffee consists of equal amounts of espresso, steamed milk and foamed milk. The air in the foamed milk means there is less milk than what appears.

Caffé latte consists of equal amounts of espresso and steamed milk and little or no foam.

The following analysis reports are available from the Food Bureau, Market and Industry Services Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada:

• The Canadian Food and Beverage Processing Sector - An Overview of Opportunities and Challenges at the Turn of the Century
• Historical Perspective of the Canadian Food and Beverage Processing Sector
• Analysis of the Structure of the Canadian Agri-Food Industry

Sub-Sector Profiles

• The Canadian Bottled Water Industry
• The Canadian Bread and Bakery Industry
• The Canadian Brewery Industry *
• The Canadian Cane and Beet Sugar Industry
• The Canadian Confectionery Industry
• The Canadian Distillery Industry
• The Canadian Dairy Processing Industry
• The Canadian Feed Industry
• The Canadian Flour and Related Products Industry
• The Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying Industry
• The Canadian Pasta Industry *
• The Canadian Poultry Processing Industry
• The Canadian Red Meat Processing Industry
• The Canadian Fish and Seafood Industry *
• The Canadian Snack Food Industry
• The Canadian Soft Drink Industry
• The Canadian Tea and Coffee Industry
• The Canadian Wine Industry
• The Canadian Frozen Food Industry*

* Titles marked with an asterisk are not complete at time of publication. Published profiles are available on the internet at www.agr.ca.

• Atlantic Provinces
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia

Readers can obtain data updates by accessing the electronic version of these reports at www.agr.ca.

We would be pleased to receive your views, and any comments or suggestions that would improve the substance of these reports. For additional information, and/or to provide your comments, please contact:

Food Bureau
Market and Industry Services Branch
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Room 501, Sir John Carling Building
930 Carling Avenue
Ottawa, Ontario Canada
K1A 0C5
(613) 759-7556.

Les documents sont disponibles en français.

Date Modified: 2004-06-02		Important Notices
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