D-00-07

Subject

This directive provides the requirements for the entry of hosts of apple maggot into British Columbia from Mexico and the continental United States (US). This directive also incorporates domestic movement requirements within Canada in relation to apple maggot. These requirements are in addition to other restrictions such as those for Oriental Fruit Moth and designated virus diseases of fruit trees and prohibitions such as soil from Mexico.

This policy directive is being revised to facilitate maintenance of Appendix 1 "Counties in the Continental United States which are Considered Free of Apple Maggot on the Basis of Official Annual Surveys".

Table of Contents

Review
Endorsement
Amendment Record
Distribution
Introduction
Scope
References

1.0 General Requirements
1.1 Legislative Authority
1.2 Fees
1.3 Regulated pests
1.4 Regulated Commodities
1.5 Commodities exempt from requirements specific to apple maggot
1.6 Regulated Areas
1.7 Protected Area

2.0 Specific Requirements
2.1 Prohibitions
2.2 Import and Domestic Requirements from regulated areas into British Columbia
2.2.1 Rooted Plants
2.2.2 Fresh Fruit
2.2.3 Containers (used)
2.2.4 Soil
2.2.5 Other Requirements
2.3 Transit Requirements
2.4 Inspection Requirements
2.4.1 Document Verification
2.4.2 Product Examination
2.5 Non-Compliance

3.0 Appendix
Appendix 1: Counties in the Continental United States which are Considered Free of Apple Maggot on the Basis of Official Annual Surveys

Review

This directive will be reviewed every 5 years or unless otherwise required. The next review date for this directive is May 8, 2011. The contact for this directive is Joanne Rousson. For further information or clarification, contact the Horticulture Section.

Endorsement

Approved by:

Amendment Record

Amendments to this directive will be dated and distributed as outlined in the distribution below.

Distribution

1. Directive mail list (Regions, PHRA, USDA)
2. Provincial Government, Industry (via Regions)
3. National Industry Organizations (determined by Author)
4. Internet

Introduction

The apple maggot does not occur in the province of British Columbia. It is a serious pest of apples. The maggots tunnel within the fruit and the affected fruit rapidly rots due to infection arisen by the secondary organisms. The insect also attacks crabapples and the fruit of hawthorns over most of its range and can sometimes be found in pears and other fruits in the vicinity of its normal hosts. A race which attacks cherries occurs in Utah and Wisconsin.

For biological information, please refer to the CFIA website.

Introduction of the insect into British Columbia could result in reduced marketability of the fruit, possible market losses and increased costs related to control, survey, storage and inspection.

Note: Fruit tree propagative plant material including Malus spp. and Prunus spp. is only admissible into Canada from certain US states. It is not admissible from Mexico. Please refer to D-94-35 for more details.

Scope

This directive is intended for the use of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) inspection staff, Canada Border Services Agency, importers, shippers and brokers in order to outline the necessary requirements and inspection procedures for the entry and movement of host material of apple maggot from Mexico, the continental States of the US and regulated areas of Canada to British Columbia. It is also intended as a guide to producers located in regulated areas.

References

D-94-02, Certification of apples for export for the presence of apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh).

D-94-35, List of sources approved to export fruit tree and grape propagative material to Canada.

D-95-26, Phytosanitary requirements for soil & related matter, alone or in association with plants.

This directive supercedes D-00-07 (1^st Revision) dated October 5, 2004.

1.0 General Requirements

1.1 Legislative Authority

The Plant Protection Act, S.C. 1990, c. 22
The Plant Protection Regulations, SOR/95-212
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice, Canada Gazette, Part 1 (05/13/2000)

1.2 Fees

The CFIA is charging fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice For information regarding fees associated with imported product, please contact the Import Service Centres (ISC) at the following phone numbers: Eastern ISC 1-877-493-0468; Central ISC 1-800-835-4486; Western ISC 1-888-732-6222. Anyone requiring other information regarding fees may contact any local CFIA office or Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice website.

1.3 Regulated pests

The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

1.4 Regulated Commodities

Plants

Rooted plants of all species, hybrids and horticultural varieties of Malus spp., Crataegus spp., Prunus avium and P. cerasus.

Note: Prunus and Malus plant material is additionally regulated or prohibited for other pests - please refer to D-94-35 for further details.

Fresh Fruit

Fresh fruit of Malus spp., Crataegus spp., and depending on the origin, Prunus and P. cerasus, whether intended for consumption or processing.

Containers (Used)

Pallet boxes, crates or other containers previously employed to transport fresh fruit listed under "Fresh Fruit" above.

Soil

Alone or in association with host plants listed under "Plants" above.

Note: Soil movement into Canada is also regulated or prohibited for other pests - please refer to D-95-26 for further details.

1.5 Commodities exempt from requirements specific to apple maggot:

Unrooted cuttings of the regulated species, hybrids and varieties, if free of soil and fresh fruit.

Seeds of the regulated species, hybrids and varieties.

Note: The general requirement for unrooted cuttings and seeds of Malus, Crataegus, P. avium and P. cerasus to have a Permit to Import and a Phytosanitary Certificate still applies. Requirements of other directives relative to other regulated pests also apply.

Herbarium specimens of the regulated commodities.

Processed Fruit of the regulated species. (canned, frozen)

Soil in association with non-host plants

Note: Depending on the source location, such soil may also be restricted or prohibited pursuant to other directives.

1.6 Regulated Areas

United States - all continental states

Note: Appendix 1 lists counties in the US which are free of apple maggot on the basis of official annual surveys. Only the counties listed in Appendix 1 are eligible for the various certification options in this directive regarding county freedom.

Mexico - all states

Canada - all provinces, except British Columbia

1.7 Protected Area

British Columbia

2.0 Specific Requirements

2.1 Prohibitions - Malus and Prunus plants from Mexico (prohibited to all of Canada due to other pests).

• Fresh fruit of Prunus and P. cerasus from Utah and Wisconsin
• Containers used for fresh fruit of P. avium and P. cerasus from Utah and Wisconsin.

2.2 Import and Domestic Requirements from regulated areas into British Columbia

The regulated commodities described under Section 1.4 - shall not be imported, transported or otherwise moved into the province of British Columbia from any of the areas listed under Section 1.6 of this directive, except in accordance with the following provisions:

2.2.1 Rooted Plants

Malus, Crataegus, Prunus, P. cerasus from US and regulated areas of Canada, Crataegus, from Mexico. (Malus and Prunus spp. are presently prohibited from Mexico due to other pest concerns).

2.2.1.1 Permit to Import (US and Mexico)

Required.

2.2.1.2 Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada)

Rooted plants require a Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada) stating that the plants in the consignment:

"are free of fruit and washed free of soil",

OR

"were grown in a county in the United States in which, on the basis of annual surveys, the apple maggot does not occur."

Note: Counties free of apple maggot are listed in Appendix 1.

2.2.2 Fresh Fruit

All fresh fruit, either for consumption or processing must enter the province of British Columba in new containers.

2.2.2.1 Fresh fruit of Malus spp. and Crataegus spp.

Permit to Import (US and Mexico)

Not required

Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada)

Fresh fruit requires a Phytosanitary Certificate or Movement Certificate identifying the county of origin and containing one of the following additional declarations:

"The fruit was inspected at time of shipment and is apparently free of apple maggot and has been continuously maintained at a maximum temperature of 0.6°C (33°F) for a minimum of 42 days."

OR

"The fruit was inspected at time of shipment and is apparently free of apple maggot and has been continuously maintained at a maximum temperature of 3.3°C (38°F) for a minimum of 90 days."

OR

"The fruit in this shipment originates in a state of continental US or province of Canada in which, on the basis of the official annual surveys, the apple maggot does not occur."

OR

Fruit originating in counties within the continental US which are free of apple maggot on the basis of official annual surveys, may be exempted from treatment with the following declaration:

"Fruit was grown in a county which has been surveyed annually in a manner which clearly establishes that the apple maggot does not occur and in addition this fruit was harvested a minimum of one mile from any neighbouring county infestations."

Note: Counties free of apple maggot are listed in Appendix 1.

OR

Fruit from commercial orchards located within infested counties the continental US may be exempted from cold storage treatment where such fruit can be certified as indicated by the following additional declaration that:

"The fruit of this consignment was harvested from a commercial orchard in the designated apple maggot free zone _______ (identification name or number) in the county of _______."

Certification for apple maggot is based on the results of official annual surveys, isolation from sources of infestation and systematic sampling and inspections of the fruit prior to export.

Note: Producers in the above mentioned states wishing to qualify for such exemption must file a request for exemption with their state certification authority. The state of origin must then make representation to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Washington D.C. Details concerning the name of grower(s), location of orchard(s), isolation factors including proximity to nearest known apple maggot infestation, survey methods and results would be required and should be included in such a representation.

2.2.2.2 Fresh fruit of Prunus and P. cerasus, see 2.1.

For sources other than Utah and Wisconsin, a Permit to Import is not required. A Phytosanitary Certificate or Movement Certificate is not required.

2.2.3 Containers (used)

2.2.3.1 Containers used for fresh fruit of Malus and Crataegus

Permit to Import

Not required.

Phytosanitary Certificate (from US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada)

Used empty containers require a Phytosanitary Certificate certifying that the containers are free of apple maggot, soil and plant debris as a result of a decontamination treatment of a steam or high pressure water wash or other specified treatment as approved by the Plant Health Division.

Must include the following declaration on the Phytosanitary Certificate:

"These used containers have been treated and are free of apple maggot and soil."

The treatment must be specified in the Treatment Section of the Phytosanitary Certificate.

2.2.3.2 Containers used for fresh fruit of Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, see 2.1.

For sources other than Utah and Wisconsin, a Permit to import is not required. A Phytosanitary Certificate or Movement Certificate is not required.

2.2.4 Soil

Note: Where soil is prohibited entry pursuant to other directives, the prohibition shall take precedence. (Soil is prohibited entry from Mexico and certain areas of the US).

2.2.4.1 Permit to Import

Where admissible, soil from the regulated area requires a Permit to Import issued by the Plant Health Division.

2.2.4.2 Phytosanitary Certification (US) or Movement Certificate (Canada) and Conditions of Entry

Soil alone and soil in association with the host plants are prohibited entry from the regulated areas with the exception of the non-infested counties in the continental US.

Soil alone and soil samples from non-infested counties the continental US shall require a Phytosanitary Certificate unless a "Section 43" Permit to Import has been issued. Please refer to D-95-26 for further details.

Note: Counties free of apple maggot are listed in Appendix 1.

2.2.5 Other Requirements

Articles listed under Section 1.4 - Regulated Commodities may enter for certain uses if authorized by the Director under authority of Section 43 of the Plant Protection Regulations (conditions of entry shall be specified on the permit).

2.3 Transit Requirements

Regulated commodities entering British Columbia in transit to out of province destinations must transit under Canada Customs Bond or meet British Columbia entry requirements.

2.4 Inspection Requirements

2.4.1 Document Verification

CFIA will verify that the documentation as required in Section 2.2 is complete and with each shipment.

Rooted plants require a Permit to Import (US and Mexico). Each importation must be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada) which includes one of the statements outlined under "Rooted Plants" of Section 2.2.1.

Fresh fruit may enter British Columbia without a Permit to Import (US and Mexico), but each importation must be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada) which includes one of the statements outlined under "Fresh Fruit" of Section 2.2.2 and must be packed in new containers.

Used containers may enter British Columbia. without a Permit to Import (US and Mexico), but each consignment must be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate (US and Mexico) or Movement Certificate (Canada) with the appropriate declaration.

Soil requires a Permit to Import and must be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate (US) or Movement Certificate (Canada) establishing the origin. Prohibitions (such as the prohibition of soil from Mexico) and exemptions (such as a "Section 43" Permit to Import for soil for scientific purposes) pursuant to this and other directives, such as D-95-26, shall also apply.

2.4.2 Product Examination

2.4.2.1 Fresh Fruit

To inspect fresh fruit: Look for small holes, pinpricks or small dots on the fruit skin, as well as any apples which show signs of discolouration, dimpling or distortion. With a sharp knife, cut successive thin slices immediately below the suspicious area to determine if tunnelling is present. Tunnelling will show that an insect larva is present, but a maggot must be found for positive identification of the causal species.

To certify cold treatment requirements have been met:

A. At the time that the apples are put into cold or controlled atmosphere storage the inspector shall verify that the apples have been packed and labelled in such a manner that they can be identified as to orchard of origin. The starting date of the storage period is to be indicated on the label or packaging material.

B. During the time that apples are undergoing cold or controlled atmosphere storage, an inspector shall make inspections of the storage facilities approximately once every 20 days to make sure that all conditions are as prescribed.

2.4.2.2 Rooted Plants

To inspect fruit tree or ornamental nursery stock hosts of this orchard pest, carefully examine for the presence of fruit such as the haw of hawthorn, as the fruit may contain live larval stages of the apple maggot. The roots of such plants should also be inspected for the presence of soil which could contain apple maggot pupae. The presence of fruit or soil on regulated nursery stock hosts from regulated areas would render all such nursery stock inadmissible.

2.4.2.3 Used Containers

Verify absence of soil, apple maggot and plant debris

2.5 Non-Compliance

Shipments which do not meet requirements, or are found to be infested with any quarantine pests may be refused entry, returned to origin, or disposed of at the importer's expense. If determined feasible by the inspector, such shipments may be rerouted to other destinations, provided such a course of action does not cause unwarranted pest risk.

Notifications of non-compliance will be issued in accordance with D-01-06: Canadian Phytosanitary Policy for the Notification of Non-compliance and Emergency Action.

3.0 Appendix

Appendix 1: Counties in the Continental United States which are Considered Free of Apple Maggot on the Basis of Official Annual Surveys

Appendix 1

Counties in the Continental United States which are Considered Free of
Apple Maggot on the Basis of Official Annual Surveys