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Our File I. SUBJECT This directive describes the Canadian plant protection import requirements for orchid plants, cuttings, and other propagative parts including tissue cultured material. For information on importing orchids for exhibitions, see D-94-31. This revision is needed because as of July 1st 2001, only federal Phytosanitary Certificates are being issued for orchid plants from the United States (U.S.) including Hawaii. The list of quarantine pests associated with forestry products and their distribution has also been updated. This directive clarifies the requirement for additional declarations for orchids without soil, originating in the U.S. Table of Contents Review 1. General Requirements 2.0 Specific Requirements 3. Appendices This directive will be reviewed every 5 years unless otherwise necessary. The next review date for this directive is February 14, 2007. The contact for this directive Joanne Rousson. For further information or clarification, please contact the Horticulture Section. Approved by:
Amendments to this directive will be dated and distributed as outlined in the distribution below. 1. Directive mail list (Regions, PHRA, USDA) Orchids are terrestrial, epiphytic, or vine-like plants distributed throughout the world in temperate and tropical regions. There are 600-800 orchid genera of which approximately 200 are cultivated. The number of species is estimated to be 17,000 to 30,000. The orchids that are cultivated commercially are mostly epiphytic (i.e. "air plants", plants which grow above the ground on another plant, gaining support only from its host). The common epiphytic orchids belong to the genera Brassavola, Cattleya, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Epidendrum, Laelia, Lycaste, Miltonia, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, Vanda, and Vanilla. Terrestrial orchids (i.e., those which can be grown in the ground or in soil) include species in the genera Paphiopedilum, Phaius, Ophrys, Dactylorhyza, Calanthe, and Orchis. There are currently no specific orchid pests or diseases listed on Canada’s regulated pest list. Phytosanitary measures for orchid plants are to prevent the introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with the growing medium, especially soil-type media. Orchids, especially the terrestrial orchid genera, could be contaminated with these pests if they are propagated in infested soil or a similar growing medium. For this reason, Canada requires that orchids be certified free of soil quarantine pests. With the exception of cork bark from countries other than Germany and the Netherlands, orchids anchored in bark chips or any other forest product from areas other than the continental United States (U.S.) are prohibited entry into Canada because of the potential for introducing forest quarantine pests to Canada. Some restrictions also apply to bark chips from the United States based on the pest distribution presented in Appendix 1. Importation of orchid plants must comply with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). (See Section 2.4.1).
The Plant Protection Act, s.c. 1990, c.22 The CFIA is charging fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice. For information regarding fees associated with imported product, please contact the Import Service Centres (ISC) at the following phone numbers: Eastern ISC 1-877-493-0468; Central ISC 1-800-835-4486; Western ISC 1-888-732-6222. Anyone requiring other information regarding fees may contact any local CFIA office or visit our website at www.inspection.gc.ca. The following list names the major soil-inhabiting quarantine pests of Canada. This list is subject to change and may not be inclusive (see also D-95-26). Alfalfa snout beetle, Otiorynchus ligustici (L); The following list names examples of quarantine pests associated with forest products and is not inclusive (See also D-95-14). Balsam woolly adelgid, (Adelges piceae) Orchid plants (Orchidaceae family), cuttings, and other propagative parts including tissue cultured material. Orchid seeds and cut flowers. All countries. 2.1.1 From the Continental U.S. (Note: For houseplant exemption see Section 2.1.3) 2.1.1.1. WITH SOIL OR SIMILAR GROWING MEDIUM Permit to Import is not required unless specified in pest specific policy directives. A Phytosanitary Certificate is required. Additional Declarations: For shipments of plants rooted in soil or a similar growing medium, additional declarations attesting to pest freedom or treatment for regulated pests may be required on the Phytosanitary Certificate. Declarations are required for shipments originating in states regulated for soil pests. Regulated soil pests in the U.S. include Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi), golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), European brown garden snail (Helix aspersa) and Sudden Oak Death (Phytophtora ramorum). Detailed requirements for importing plants with soil or similar growing medium are described in directive D-95-26 or other pest specific directives (e.g. Sudden Oak Death - D-01-01). Information can also be obtained from any local CFIA office or visit our website at www.inspection.gc.ca. 2.1.1.2 WITHOUT SOIL OR IN STERILE GROWING MEDIUM A Permit to Import is not required. A Phytosanitary Certificate is required. Additional declarations for Soybean cyst nematode and Columbia root knot nematode may be required for bareroot plants depending on origin of the plants. Additional declarations are not required for tissue cultured plants imported in a sterile container with agar or liquid media. 2.1.1.3 ORCHIDS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREST PRODUCTS A Permit to Import is not required, except for the states of California and Oregon (Curry county only). A Phytosanitary Certificate is required unless specified in pest specific policy directives. Shipments of orchids anchored in bark chips or any other forest product, when permitted, must be free from soil or a similar growing medium and may be subject to additional requirements depending on the state of origin of the forest product. Additional declarations for a specific pest are required only for the species that the pest is regulated. The tree species must also be identified on the Phytosanitary Certificate. Importers wishing to import plants with bark chips or any other forest product from a regulated tree species should obtain the detailed requirements for importing regulated forest products as described in other directives. Appendix 1 lists the forest tree species and states in the U.S. that are regulated to prevent the entry of forest pests into Canada. Detailed requirements for importing regulated forest products are described in other directives (see Appendix 2). Information on these requirements may be obtained from any local CFIA office or visit our website at www.inspection.gc.ca. For orchids originating from California and Oregon (Curry county only), a Permit to Import is required. The material must be free of soil, sand and related debris and free of bark of host species of Phytophthora ramorum (see D-01-01) and be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate without an additional declaration. 2.1.2 From Hawaii and Areas Other Than the Continental U.S. (Note: For houseplant exemption see Section 2.1.3) 2.1.2.1 WITH SOIL OR SIMILAR GROWING MEDIUM Prohibited 2.1.2.2 WITH APPROVED GROWING MEDIUM - EXPORTER MUST BE APPROVED PRIOR TO IMPORTATION UNDER THE CANADIAN GROWING MEDIA PROGRAM (CGMP) (see Section 2.4.2) A Permit to Import is required. A Phytosanitary Certificate is required. Additional Declarations CGMP approved shipments require the following additional declaration on the Phytosanitary Certificate: "The material was propagated in conformance with the Canadian Growing Media Program." An additional declaration and exporter approval is not required for tissue cultured orchids imported in a sterile container with agar or liquid media. 2.1.2.3 WITHOUT GROWING MEDIUM (I.E. BAREROOT): A Permit to Import is required. A Phytosanitary Certificate is required. The material must be free of soil, sand and related debris. Additional Declarations: Shipments require one of the following additional declarations on the Phytosanitary Certificate. "Material was grown in soil where the potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) has not been recorded and where, based on official soil surveys or other precautionary practices, the potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida) and the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) do not occur." or "Potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum), potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida), and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) do not occur in the country of origin of the plant material." Additional declarations are not required for shipments of bare-root epiphytic orchids which have roots that are growing and adhering to a hard inert surface such as stone, bark-free manufactured wood products (i.e. small log homes) or other approved inert materials. 2.1.2.4 ORCHIDS ASSOCIATED WITH FOREST PRODUCTS Shipments of orchids associated with an unmanufactured forest product (i.e. bark chips, slabs of wood) are prohibited entry into Canada. Orchids associated with cork bark (Quercus suber) are permitted entry into Canada if the cork bark is originating from countries other than the Netherlands and Germany (refer to policy directive D-01-01 on Sudden Oak Death). 2.1.3 Houseplant Exemptions The following import requirements apply to orchid plants, cuttings and other propagative parts including tissue cultured material, imported as houseplants. The orchids must be for personal, non-commercial use and must not exceed 50 plants. The orchids must accompany the traveller at time of entry in Canada, either in baggage or as part of household effects. Mail and courier importations are not included in this exemption (see Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 for requirements). Houseplants of orchid species must comply with the CITES requirements (see Section 2.4.1). The requirements for any type of houseplant are found in policy directive D-01-03. 2.1.3.1 HOUSEPLANTS FROM THE CONTINENTAL U.S.: A Permit to Import or a Phytosanitary Certificate is not required. 2.1.3.2 HOUSEPLANTS FROM HAWAII: A Permit to Import is not required, however the plants must be accompanied by a federal Phytosanitary Certificate issued by or under the authority of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The orchids plants must be bare-root and free of soil or growing medium and not be associated with an unmanufactured forest product with the exception of cork bark. 2.1.3.3 HOUSEPLANTS FROM COUNTRIES OTHER THAN THE U.S.: A Permit to Import and Phytosanitary Certificate are required. (See Section 2.1.2) All shipments are subject to inspection and sampling on arrival to ensure compliance with these requirements and to determine if pests are present. CFIA inspectors should: 1) Verify that a Phytosanitary Certificate, if required, has accompanied the shipment. 2) Verify that the importer holds a valid Permit to Import, if required. 3) Inspect for freedom from pests. 4) Inspect according to the general instructions in the Plant Protection Import Manual for greenhouse plants, Section 4.01.02. Shipments which do not meet requirements, or found to be infested with quarantine pests may be refused entry, returned to origin, or disposed of at the importer’s expense. The importer is responsible for any and all costs relating to treatment, disposal or removal, including costs incurred by CFIA to monitor the action taken. 2.4.1 CITES Importation and exportation of designated plants must comply with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) requirements. Information on CITES requirements may be obtained by contacting: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 2.4.2 Canadian Growing Media Program (CGMP) Plants rooted in a non-soil growing medium such as perlite, rockwool, lava rock, volcanic ash, fern fibre, sphagnum moss, coconut husks, or peat moss may be admitted into Canada if the exporter has been previously approved under the CGMP. Shipments of plants in growing media from areas other than the continental U.S. are prohibited unless approved under this program. The CGMP does not apply to export sources in the U.S. Plants rooted in soil or growing media from the continental U.S. must be certified to meet all applicable soil requirements. Information on the requirements of the CGMP is available from the Plant Health and Production Division upon request. Refer to policy directive D-96-20. NOTE: Tissue culture propagules of orchids imported in a sterile container with a sterile medium, such as agar, may be imported from all countries without the exporter being approved under the CGMP. 2.4.3 Permit to Import Importers requiring a Permit to Import must complete a "Application for Permit to Import". This application form is available at any CFIA Office. The completed application form should be mailed or faxed to: Permit Office 2.4.4 Reporting Shipment Arrival All regulated shipments must be reported to Canada Customs and Revenue Agency, at the first point of arrival in Canada. A regulated shipment will be referred to CFIA for document review. If the documents comply with all plant protection import requirements, CFIA will authorize the release of the shipment from Customs. Importers should be advised that CFIA inspectors are not located at, nor do they provide services to all Customs offices. It should also be noted that CFIA inspectors may not be available to provide service on a 24-hour basis. Therefore, to facilitate the release of shipments requiring CFIA authority to release, the importer should provide CFIA with prior notice to the arrival of their shipment. Appendix 1 - Regulated Forest Pests from the Continental US on Forest
Products with Bark Regulated Forest Pests from the Continental US on Forest Products with Bark
Note: This list is subject to change and is not inclusive: it contains selected information on the plant protection import requirements for forest products from the U.S. The list is intended to provide orchid importers with information on the requirements for bark chips or other forest product commonly used for anchoring plants. Further information is provided in other forestry directives (see Appendix 2). List of Forestry Directives with further information on bark importations
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