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Primary Poultry Breeders of
 Overview
of the Primary Poultry Breeder Industry
The functions of the primary or
basic breeder are to maintain pure blood lines, expand pure designated blood
lines, and develop cross-bred blood lines. The primary breeder engineers
development of the first three generations of birds which commercial growers
ultimately market as fifth generation. Primary breeders usually offer Grandparent,
Parent, hatching eggs and day-old chicks. The function of the multiplier
breeder is to multiply the parent flocks (fourth generation) which produce
eggs for commercial growers.
There has been a consolidation in all phases
of the poultry industry, including breeders. Over the past twenty years, there
have been many amalgamations and acquisitions as more and more
competition-driven establishments move toward larger, concentrated operations
that share expertise and expenses to serve world markets.
In 1989,
there were ten major farms producing primary breeding stock for table egg
layers, eleven primary breeders of meat-type chicken and three primary breeding
farms for turkey. Most of these facilities are owned by or associated with
multinational organizations. This gives them the opportunity to operate world
wide. There are also smaller farms producing pure lines for speciality markets.
As the market shrinks there could be further changes. Key industry people
agree that it takes a market share of twenty-five to thirty-five percent
to enable basic breeders to make research investments of the size necessary
to be competitive.
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