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Animals > Animal Diseases > Foot and Mouth Disease > Hazard Specifc Plan  

Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Hazard Specific Plan

February 2006

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The diagnostic and management principles contained in this document conform to the OIE International Animal Health Code (2004). This plan also draws on the concepts and information found in the Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) 2002 Disease Strategy - Foot-and-Mouth Disease; the UK's Chapter 3 Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Veterinary Instructions Procedures Emergency Routines - VIPER); and Council Directive 2003/85/EC on community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease.

Information about foot-and-mouth disease and its epidemiology is summarized in this document. References are cited throughout; readers should refer to current reference texts if additional information is required.

This plan was drafted in July 2003 by Dorothy W. Geale, BSc (with honors), PhD, DVM, then the Senior Staff Veterinarian, Foreign Animal Disease. This version was completed by Gilles C. Dulac, DMV, MSc, PhD, in February 2006.

The following individuals who provided consultation and assistance are gratefully acknowledged: Dr. David Alves, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food; Dr. Alphonso Clavijo, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (CFIA); Dr. Carolyn Inch, Animal Health and Production Division (CFIA); Dr. Wayne Martin, Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; Dr. Gerald Ollis, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development; Dr. Bill Sterritt, Consultant in Animal Health; and, particularly, Dr. Paul Kitching, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (CFIA).

Table of Contents

About this document
Objectives
Related Documents
Amendments and Revisions
1. Foot-and-Mouth Disease
1.1 Etiology
1.2 Susceptible Species
1.3 Global Distribution
1.4 Epidemiology
1.4.1 Incubation Period
1.4.2 Persistence in the Environment
1.4.3 Persistent Carriers
1.4.4 Modes of Introduction and Transmission
1.5 Pathogenesis
1.6 Diagnosis
1.6.1 Clinical Signs
1.6.2 Aging of Lesions
1.6.3 Mortality/Morbidity
1.6.4 Laboratory Diagnosis
1.6.5 Differential Diagnosis
1.7 Natural Resistance and Immunity
1.7.1 Innate and Passive Immunity
1.7.2 Active Immunity
1.7.3 Vaccination
1.8 Public Health
1.9 Bio-Security
2. Authorities and Principles of Control
2.1 Statutory Authority
2.2 Policy Statement
2.3 Principles of Control and Eradication
2.3.1 Stamping Out
2.3.2 Quarantine and Movement Controls
2.3.3 Pre-emptive Slaughter
2.3.4 Tracing and Surveillance
2.3.5 Vaccination
2.3.6 Treatment of Animal Products and By-Products
2.3.7 Decontamination
2.3.8 Wildlife and Vector Control
2.3.9 Zoning/Regionalization
2.4 Case Definition
2.5 Emergency Organization
3. Individual Premises Procedures
3.1 Investigation
3.1.1 Reporting
3.1.2 Specimen Collection
3.1.3 Shipping Specimens to NC-FAD
3.2 Premises Control Actions
3.2.1 Declaration of Infected Place on Suspicion of FMD
3.2.2 Confidentiality of FMD Submission and Confirmation of FMD
3.2.3 Declaration of Infected Place on Confirmation of FMD
3.2.4 Restrictions at the Declared Infected Place
3.2.5 Action in the Vicinity of an Infected Place
3.3 Tracing on Positive FMD Infected Places
3.3.1 Critical Period
3.3.2 Traceout Investigations
3.3.3 Trace-in Investigations
3.3.4 Tracings to Special Premises
3.4 Eradication Activities at Positive FMD Infected Places
3.4.1 Evaluation
3.4.2 Slaughter of Susceptible Species
3.4.3 Disposal of Susceptible Carcasses, Products and By-products
Disposal On the Premises
Disposal Off the Premises
3.4.4 Removal of Non-susceptible Animals, Eggs and Poultry
3.4.5 Removal of Crops
3.5 Vector Control
3.6 Wildlife Control
3.7 Decotamination
3.7.1 Principles
3.7.2 Premises
3.7.3 Carcasses
3.7.4 Equipment
3.7.5 Milking Equipment and Pipelines
3.8 Re-stocking and release of Infected Place Declaration
3.8.1 Approved Sources of Livestock
3.8.2 Release of Infected Place Declaration with Restocking
3.8.3 Approval of C&D without Restocking
4. Control Area Procedures
4.1 Emergency Response Structure
4.2 Control Area Declaration
4.2.1 Livestock Standstill (Control Area or National)
4.3 Zones Within the Control Area
4.3.1 Canadian Interpretation
4.3.2 Establishment of Zones
4.3.3 Perimeter Control
4.4 Public Notification
4.5 Outbreak Surveillance
4.5.1 AERT Surveillance Personnel
4.5.2 Outbreak Surveillance in the Infected Zone
4.5.3 Outbreak Surveillance in the Surveillance Zone
4.5.4 Outbreak Surveillance in the Vaccination Zone
4.5.5 Outbreak Surveillance in FMD-Free Zone
4.5.6 Clean and Dirty Surveillance Personnel
4.6 Movement Restrictions within the Control Area
4.6.1 AERT Movement Control Personnel
4.6.2 Animals
4.6.3 People and Vehicles
4.6.4 Animal Service Inductries
4.6.5 Abattoirs and Animal Products, Animal By-products and Milk
4.6.6 Germplasm
4.6.7 Animal By-products and Residues
4.6.8 Feed and Equipment
4.6.9 Special Premises
4.6.10 Transportation through the Control Area
4.6.11 Wildlife
4.6.12 Human Traffic
4.7 Vaccination
4.7.1 North American FMD Vaccine Bank
4.7.2 Office International des Épizooties Standards
4.7.3 Domestic Considerations
4.7.4 Vaccine Decision-making Process
4.7.5 NAFMDVB Mobilization
4.7.6 Vaccine Distribution within Canada
4.7.7 Vaccine Administration
4.7.8 Vaccinate Records
4.7.9 Movement Restrictions in Vaccination Zone
Animals
People and Vehicles
Animal Service Industries
Abattoirs and Animal Products Including Milk
Germplasm
Animal By-products
Feed and Equipment
Special Premises
Transportation
Wildlife
4.7.10 Cessation of Vaccination
5. Proof of Freedom Procedures
5.1 Criteria for Proof of Freedom
5.2 Serological Surveillance
5.2.1 Within the Infected Zone
5.2.2 Within the Surveillance Zone
5.3 Release of Control Area Restrictions
5.4 Disposition of Vaccinates
5.5 Country Freedom Declaration
Appendices
Glossary and Acronyms
References
Appendix 1: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory Diagnosis
Appendix 2: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Disinfectants
Appendix 3: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Inactivation Procedures
Appendix 4: Summary FMD Movement Control
Appendix 5: Epidemiological Sampling of Herds/Flocks Undergoing Depopulation
Appendix 6: Surveillance Sampling Protocol for the Control Area and the Disease-Free Zone

About this Document

Objectives

This Foot-and-Mouth Disease Hazard Specific Plan outlines the response to be undertaken by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), under authority of the Health of Animals Act (1990), when an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurs. This document is part of an overall management plan used by the CFIA to respond to an incursion of an exotic animal disease into Canada.

Related Documents

The following documents provide information on emergency response organization and procedures related to this strategy:

  • CFIA Emergency Book
  • Foreign Animal Disease Manual of Procedures (FAD-MOP)
  • CFIA Area-specific contingency plans and agreements with provincial and industry stakeholders that provide emergency support for FAD eradication

Amendments and Revisions

The FMD Hazard Specific Plan is to be reviewed regularly by all stakeholders through the Canadian Animal Health Consultative Committee. Suggestions and recommendations should be forwarded to:
Dr. Carolyn Inch
National Manager, Disease Control
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Animal Health & Production Division
59 Camelot Drive
Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9
Tel.: 613-225-2342, ext. 4757
Fax.: 613-228-6630

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