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PROTOCOL BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AMENDING THE "AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON AIR QUALITY"
THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, hereinafter referred to as "the Parties",
RECALLING the Agreement between the Government of Canada and the
Government of the United States of America on Air Quality done at Ottawa March 13, 1991,
hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement";
RECOGNIZING that cooperative and coordinated action through the Agreement
provides an effective means of addressing transboundary air pollution;
INTENDING to reduce the transboundary flow of tropospheric ozone and precursor
emissions (NOx and VOC), thereby helping both countries attain their respective air quality
goals;
RECOGNIZING that tropospheric ozone and its precursors (NOx and VOC)
originating in Canada and the United States are transported across their international border,
thereby affecting the ability of downwind areas in each country to attain their air quality goals;
CONCERNED about the serious adverse effects to human health and the environment
from these pollutants;
RECOGNIZING the need to take new scientific evidence into account; and
ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of public awareness, information, education
and involvement;
HAVE AGREED as follows:
ARTICLE I
A new Annex 3, titled "Specific Objectives Concerning Ground-Level Ozone
Precursors" and attached as an appendix to this Protocol, shall be added to the Agreement.
ARTICLE II
Paragraph 2 of Article IV of the Agreement shall be deleted and replaced with the
following:
"2. Each Party's specific objectives for emissions limitations or reductions are set
forth in annexes to this Agreement as follows:
- Specific objectives for sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which will
reduce transboundary flows of these acidic deposition precursors, are
set forth in Annex 1.
- Specific objectives for volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides,
which will reduce transboundary flows of tropospheric ozone and these
precursors, thereby helping both countries attain their respective air
quality goals over time, are set forth in Annex 3.
Specific objectives for such other air pollutants as the Parties agree to address should
take into account, as appropriate, the activities undertaken pursuant to Article VI."
ARTICLE III
- Article VII of the Agreement shall be amended by adding a new paragraph 2 as follows:
"2. The Parties agree to provide, subject to their respective laws and regulations,
public access to the databases containing the emissions and monitoring data reported or
shared under this Agreement."
- Paragraph 2 of Article VII of the Agreement shall be renumbered paragraph 3.
ARTICLE IV
Paragraph 3 of Annex 2 of the Agreement shall be amended as follows:
- Subparagraph (e) shall be deleted and replaced with the following:
"(e) their analysis of and experience with market-based mechanisms, including emissions
trading. Specifically, through the Air Quality Committee established under Article VII of the
Agreement, the Parties shall exchange information, within 12 months of entry into force of the
Protocol amending this Agreement and as may be agreed upon thereafter, about the structure,
components, public information and disclosure requirements (including verification),
environmental impacts, and administration of their respective NOx and SO2 emissions trading
programs including emissions monitoring, reporting and tracking of transfers of authority to
emit;"
- Subparagraph (f) shall be amended by deleting the period and replacing it with
"; and".
- A new subparagraph (g) shall be added as follows:
"(g) public engagement and outreach activities."
ARTICLE V
Annex 2 of the Agreement shall be amended by adding a new paragraph 5 as follows:
"5. The Parties further agree, subject to their respective laws and regulations, to
consult and share respective information on data, tools and methodologies and develop
joint analyses on ground-level ozone and its precursors, including:
- research and applications that contribute to tracking of human health
and environmental responses to controls;
- facility-specific emissions data, quantification methods, and related
information required for modeling and regulatory policy development,
assumptions and models used to estimate emissions from other sources,
and air quality data for all relevant monitors;
- evaluation of transboundary transport, using methods such as, inter
alia, monitoring and meteorological data analyses, and modeling;
- evaluation of adequacy of monitoring networks;
- review of new technologies; and
- analysis of options for reductions from significant emitting source
categories such as transportation, manufacturing and electricity where
there may be opportunities to achieve further cost-effective emission
reductions through various means, for example, energy efficiency,
renewable energy, cleaner fuels, and alternative technologies and
approaches."
ARTICLE VI
Pursuant to Article XVI of the Agreement, this Protocol shall enter into force upon
signature by the Parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective
Governments, have signed this Protocol.
DONE in duplicate at , this day of 2000, in the
English and French languages, each version being equally authentic.
[signature] FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
[signature] FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
APPENDIX TO THE PROTOCOL
ANNEX 3
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONCERNING GROUND-LEVEL OZONE
PRECURSORS
PART I -- PURPOSE
The objective of the annex is to control and reduce, in accordance with the provisions
herein, the anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds
(VOC) that are precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and that contribute to
transboundary air pollution, thereby helping both countries attain their respective air quality goals
over time to protect human health and the environment. The Parties' goal is that in the long term
and in a stepwise approach, taking into account advances in scientific knowledge, atmospheric
concentrations not exceed:
- For Canada, the Canada Wide Standard (CWS) for Ozone; and
- For the United States, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone.
PART II -- POLLUTANT EMISSION MANAGEMENT AREA
Each Party hereby designates a Pollution Emission Management Area (PEMA), to
which obligations in this Annex shall apply in accordance with the provisions herein.
- For Canada, the area of 301,330km2 that covers all of the Canadian territory south of
about the 48th parallel beginning east of Lake Superior to the Ottawa River, and south of the
corridor that extends from the Outaouais Region east to Quebec City, as definitively designated
on the map at Appendix 1 to this Annex.
- For the United States, the area comprising the states of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois,
Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York,
New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, and
the District of Columbia, as indicated on the illustrative map at Appendix 2 to this Annex.
PART III -- SPECIFIC OBLIGATIONS
A. For Canada:
- With respect to mobile sources of NOx and VOC emissions, Canada shall control and
reduce its emissions of NOx and VOC in accordance with the following obligations:
- Continue the application of the following emission control measures:
- Emission standards for new light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavyduty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines and motorcycles: Motor Vehicle
Safety Act (and successor legislation), Schedule V of the Motor
Vehicle Safety Regulations: Vehicle Emissions (Standard 1100),
SOR/97-376, (28 July, 1997).
- The Recreational Marine Engine Memorandum of Understanding
between Environment Canada and manufacturers of spark-ignited
marine engines to supply the Canadian market with engines designed to
comply with U.S. federal spark-ignited marine engine emissions
standards starting with the 2001 model year. This is an interim measure
that will be overtaken and replaced by the regulation referred to in
subparagraph (b)(iv) below.
- The Handheld Spark-Ignition Engine Memorandum of Understanding
between Environment Canada and manufacturers of handheld sparkignited
utility engines to supply engines to the Canadian market that are
designed to comply with U.S. federal emissions standards for sparkignited
handheld utility engines starting January 1, 2000. This is an
interim measure that will be overtaken and replaced by the regulation
referred to in subparagraph (b)(iv) below.
- The Nonhandheld Nonroad Engine Memorandum of Understanding
between Environment Canada and manufacturers of Class I and II nonhandheld
spark-ignited utility engines to supply engines to the Canadian
market that are designed to comply with U.S. federal emissions
standards for new class I and class II nonhandheld nonroad sparkignition
engines starting January 1, 2001. This is an interim measure that
will be overtaken and replaced by the regulation referred to in
subparagraph (b)(iv) below.
- The Non-Road Diesel Memorandum of Understanding between
Environment Canada and manufacturers of compression ignition (C.I.)
non-road engines to supply engines designed to comply with U.S.
federal emissions standards to the Canadian market starting with the
2000 model year. This is an interim measure that will be overtaken and
replaced by the regulation referred to in subparagraph (b)(iv) below.
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Diesel Fuel Regulations,
SOR/97-110 (4 February, 1997).
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Benzene in Gasoline
Regulations, SOR/97-493 (6 November, 1997).
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Sulphur in Gasoline
Regulations, SOR/99-236 (4 June, 1999).
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Gasoline and Gasoline
Blend Dispensing Flow Rate Regulations, SOR/2000-43 (1 February,
2000).
- Develop and implement the following new emission control measures:
- Proceed with consultations with the objective of developing and
implementing a Memorandum of Understanding between Environment
Canada and manufacturers and importers of on-road vehicles to ensure
that low-emission vehicles will be marketed and sold in Canada in the
2001-2003 model years, in alignment with the voluntary U.S. National
Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program.
- Emission regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act
1999 for new on-road vehicles and engines to align with future U.S.
national standards beginning with the 2004 model year, including the
U.S. Tier 2 program for new light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and
medium-duty passenger vehicles and Phase 1 and Phase 2 programs for
new heavy-duty vehicles and engines. The final standards and effective
dates are subject to the procedures and outcome of the regulatory
development process.
- A regulation under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 to
reduce the allowable level of sulphur in on-road diesel fuel to align with
future U.S. standards. The final standards and effective dates are
subject to the procedures and outcome of the regulatory development
process.
- Emission regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection
Act 1999 for new non-road engines aligned with the U.S. federal
emissions program. The final scope of the standards and effective dates
are subject to the procedures and outcome of the regulatory
development process.
- With respect to stationary sources of NOx emissions, Canada shall control and reduce its
emissions in accordance with the following obligations:
- By 2007, cap the annual total emissions of NOx (as NO2) from fossil fuel-fired
power plants with a capacity greater than 25 megawatts within the PEMA at 39
kilotonnes for the Ontario portion of the PEMA and 5 kilotonnes for the
Quebec portion of the PEMA.
- Proposed national Guideline under s.54 of the Canadian Environmental
Protection Act, 1999, respecting Renewable Low-Impact Electricity.
- With respect to sources of emissions of VOC, Canada shall control and reduce its emissions
in accordance with the following obligations:
-
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999, Proposed national Regulation on
Tetrachloroethylene and other toxic substances used in dry cleaning.
- Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999, Proposed national Regulation on
degreasing from commercial and industrial degreasing facilities.
- Limit values for controlling emissions of VOC from new stationary sources in the
following stationary source categories will be determined on the basis of
available information on control technology and levels, including limit values
applied in other countries, and the following documents:
- Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME). Environmental
Guideline for the Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Process
Emissions from New Organic Chemical Operations. September 1993.
PN1108;
- CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Measurement and Control of Fugitive
VOC Emissions from Equipment Leaks. October 1993. PN1106;
- CCME. A Program to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 40 Percent
from Adhesives and Sealants. March 1994. PN1116;
- CCME. A Plan to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 20 Percent from
Consumer Surface Coatings. March 1994. PN1114;
- CCME. Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic
Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks. June 1995. PN1180;
- CCME. New Source Performance Standards and Guidelines for the Reduction of
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Canadian Automotive
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Coating Facilities. August
1995. PN1234;
- CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions from the Plastics Processing Industry. July 1997. PN1276;
and
- CCME. National Standards for the Volatile Organic Compound Content of Canadian
Commercial/Industrial Surface Coating Products - Automotive
Refinishing. August 1997. PN1288.
- In order to attain the CWS for Ozone in the PEMA by 2010, Canada shall undertake
by 2005, and implement between 2005 and 2010, measures based on a comprehensive,
national multi-pollutant emission reduction approach as agreed by Canadian Ministers of
Environment, consistent with the overall program for achieving the CWS for Ozone, for the
following sectors: pulp and paper, lumber and allied wood products, electric power, iron and
steel, base metal smelting and concrete batch mix and asphalt mix plants. These measures shall
address, inter alia, NOx emissions from new, modified and existing industrial and commercial
boilers. In addition, measures shall be developed to reduce VOC emissions from solvents,
paints and consumer products using a mix of instruments such as eco-labelling criteria and public
education programs pertaining to VOC in consumer products, environmental performance
standards for key products (e.g. surface coating of wood products, automotive parts, metal
products) and for other significant solvent sources.
- In addition, in the Quebec portion of the PEMA, the following shall be implemented:
- Proposed amendments to Le Réglement sur la qualité de l'atmosphère du
Québec ("Québec's Regulation respecting the Quality of the Atmosphere") to
reduce NOx emissions from new and modified industrial and commercial
boilers.
- Proposed amendments to Le Réglement sur la qualité de l'atmosphère du
Québec ("Québec's Regulation respecting the Quality of the Atmosphere") to
reduce VOC emissions from surface coatings, commercial printing, dry cleaning
and aboveground storage tanks.
- Implementation of the Agreement on Environmental Management between the
Government of Québec and petroleum refineries and major petrochemical
plants to control and reduce VOC emission from their operations.
- Implementation of the existing Réglement sur les produits pétroliers du
Québec ("Québec's Regulation on Petroleum Products") concerning gasoline
volatility.
- Proposed amendments to Le Réglement sur les produits pétroliers du
Québec ("Québec's Regulation on Petroleum Products") to reduce VOC
emissions from gasoline distribution networks.
- In addition, in the Ontario portion of the PEMA, the following shall be implemented:
- The Ontario Drive Clean program (Ontario Environmental Protection Act
Regulation 361/98) as amended by Ontario Regulation 401/98, as amended by
Ontario Regulation 86/99 and as amended by Ontario Regulation 438/99.
- Regulation (Ontario Environmental Protection Act Regulation 455/94) of
Stage I vapour recovery.
- Regulation (Ontario Environmental Protection Act Regulation 271/91 as
amended by Ontario Environmental Protection Act Regulation 45/97) of
volatility of gasoline at 9 psi during the summer months in southern Ontario and
10.5 psi in northern Ontario.
- Regulation (Ontario Environmental Protection Act Regulation 323/94)
requiring environmental training for dry cleaners.
- Implementation of the CCME guideline for new and modified combustion
turbines.
- Implementation of the CCME guideline for new commercial/industrial boilers
and heaters.
- Regulation (Ontario Environmental Protection Act Regulation 227/00) to be
applied to the electricity sector requiring annual monitoring and reporting of 28
pollutants of concern with a commitment to extend the monitoring and reporting
requirement to other industry sectors.
B. For the United States:
- Specific NOx Reduction Commitments
- The United States shall require States that are located in the PEMA and that are
subject to EPA's NOx regulation (referred to as the "NOx SIP Call") to
implement that regulation in accordance with 40 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) sections 51.121 and 51.122 including any modifications as a result of
any court decision. The NOx SIP Call requires States to ensure that seasonal
NOx emissions do not exceed specified levels ("budgets").
- The United States shall implement a motor vehicle control program in the
PEMA that meets the requirements of 40 CFR Part 80, Subpart D
(reformulated gasoline), 40 CFR Part 86 (control of emissions from new and
in-use highway vehicles and engines); and 40 CFR Part 80, section 80.29
(controls and prohibitions on diesel fuel quality).
- The United States shall implement standards for non-road engines in the PEMA
as provided for in 40 CFR Part 87 (aircraft), Part 89 (compression-ignition
engines), Part 90 (spark-ignition engines), Part 92 (locomotives), and Part 94
(marine engines).
- Specific VOC Reduction Commitments
- The United States shall implement controls in the PEMA that reduce VOC
emissions as required by 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart B (automobile repair
coatings), Subpart C (consumer and commercial products), and Subpart D
(architectural coatings).
- The United States shall implement controls on hazardous air pollutants in the PEMA that
also reduce VOC emissions as required by 40 CFR Part 63. This includes the
following Subparts:
Subpart M (dry cleaning);
Subparts F, G, H, and I (Hazardous Organic NESHAP);
Subpart GG (aerospace industry);
Subpart N (chromium electroplating);
Subpart L (coke ovens: charging, top side & door leads);
Subpart O (commercial sterilizers);
Subpart T (degreasing organic cleaners);
Subpart R (gasoline distribution (Stage 1));
Subpart Q (industrial cooling towers);
Subpart EE (magnetic tape);
Subpart Y (marine vessel loading operations);
Subpart DD (off-site waste and recovery operations);
Subpart CC (petroleum refineries);
Subpart U (polymers and resins I);
Subpart W (polymers and resins II);
Subpart JJJ (polymers and resins III);
Subpart KK (printing/publishing);
Subpart X (secondary lead smelters);
Subpart II (shipbuilding and ship repair);
Subpart JJ (wood furniture);
Subpart XXX (ferralloys production);
Subpart III (flexible polyurethane foam production);
Subpart YY (generic MACT);
Subpart DDD (mineral wool production);
Subpart HH (oil and natural gas transmission and production);
Subpart MMM (pesticide active ingredient production);
Subpart GGG (pharmaceuticals production);
Subpart AA/BB (phosphoric acid/phosphate fertilizers);
Subpart PPP (polyether polyols productions);
Subpart OOO (polymers and resins III: amino/phenol resins);
Subpart LLL (portland cement manufacturing);
Subpart LL (primary aluminum production);
Subpart TTT (primary lead smelting);
Subpart VVV (publicly owned treatment works);
Subpart S (pulp and paper (Non-combust) MACT I);
Subpart S (pulp and paper cluster rule MACT III);
Subpart RRR (secondary aluminum);
Subpart CCC (steel pickling);
Subpart F (tetrahydrobenzaldehyde manufacture); and
Subpart NNN (wool fiberglass manufacturing).
- The United States shall implement controls in the PEMA on motor vehicles and nonroad
engines as described above in Part III.B (1) above.
- New Source Standards
The United States shall require major new VOC and NOx sources in the PEMA to
meet New Source Performance Standards as required by 40 CFR Part 60. This
includes the following Subparts:
Subpart D (fossil fuel fired steam generators);
Subpart Da (electric utility steam generating units);
Subpart Db (industrial/commercial/institutional steam generating units);
Subpart Dc (small industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating units);
Subpart E (incinerators);
Subpart Ea (municipal waste combustors);
Subpart Eb (large municipal waste combustors);
Subpart Ec (hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators);
Subpart G (nitric acid);
Subpart K (storage vessels for petroleum liquids);
Subpart Ka (storage vessels for petroleum liquids);
Subpart Kb (volatile organic liquid storage vessels);
Subpart EE (surface coating of metal furniture);
Subpart GG (stationary gas turbines);
Subpart MM (automobile or light-duty truck assembly plants);
Subpart QQ (graphic arts industry: publication rotogravure printing);
Subpart RR (pressure sensitive tape and label surface coating operations);
Subpart SS (industrial surface coating of large appliances);
Subpart TT (metal coil surface coatings);
Subpart VV (synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (SOCMI));
Subpart WW (municipal solid waste landfill);
Subpart XX (bulk gasoline terminals);
Subpart BBB (passenger and light duty truck tire manufacturing);
Subpart DDD (polymer manufacturing industry);
Subpart FFF (rotogravure printing of flexible vinyl or urethane products);
Subpart GGG (petroleum refinery leaking equipment);
Subpart HHH (synthetic fiber production facilities);
Subpart JJJ (petroleum dry cleaners);
Subpart KKK (onshore natural gas processing plant leaking equipment);
Subpart NNN (SOCMI distillation operations);
Subpart QQQ (individual drain systems;
Subpart RRR (SOCMI reactor processes);
Subpart SSS (magnetic tape manufacturing);
Subpart TTT (surface coating of plastic parts for business machines);
Subpart VVV (polymeric coating of supporting substrates); and
Subpart WWW (municipal solid waste landfills).
C. For both Parties:
Taking into account the purpose of this Annex, the Parties agree that the regulations, guidelines
and caps referenced in all of the commitments in Part III above are subject to modification from
time to time as a result of domestic legal processes that may take place.
PART IV -- ANTICIPATED ADDITIONAL CONTROL MEASURES
AND INDICATIVE REDUCTIONS
In addition to the obligations set forth in Part III above, each Party currently implements
or anticipates implementing additional measures that are expected to contribute to overall
reductions of NOx and VOC emissions. For illustrative purposes only, additional control
measures currently in place and anticipated additional control measures are set forth below, as
are predicted overall emission reduction rates.
A. For Canada:
- National Reductions
In order to achieve, by 2010, the CWS for Ozone (65 ppb 8-hour average 4th highest
averaged over 3 years), Canada intends to develop and implement further reductions of
emissions of NOx and VOC.
- Area-Specific Reductions
In Ontario, a 45% reduction of NOx and VOC emissions from 1990 levels is expected
to be required to meet the CWS for Ozone, assuming comparable reductions in the
U.S. PEMA. In the Ontario portion of the PEMA, measures to reduce VOC emissions
from small to medium sized solvent users will be developed. In the Québec portion of
the PEMA, measures to reduce NOx and VOC emissions from existing light and heavyduty
vehicles will be considered.
- Quantitative Estimates
The emission reduction obligations identified in Part III.A above are estimated to reduce
annual NOx emissions in the PEMA from 1990 levels by 39% by 2007 and 44% by
2010 and annual VOC emissions in the PEMA from 1990 levels by 18% in 2007 and
20% in 2010. Once all the measures identified in Part III.A are implemented, in
conjunction with the anticipated national and area-specific reductions identified above, it
is expected that emissions reductions will be greater than currently estimated.
B. For the United States:
- National Reductions
The United States has developed or intends to develop and implement standards to
further reduce emissions of NOx and VOC, including:
- Tier 2 vehicle and fuel sulphur standards
- Tier 3 standards for nonroad compression ignition engines
- Heavy-duty engine standards
- Recreational vehicle standards
- Area-Specific Reductions
The United States has implemented and intends to continue to implement NOx and
VOC control measures in specific areas as required by applicable provisions of the
Clean Air Act. The area specific measures include: NOx and VOC reasonably available
control technology, marine vessel loading, treatment storage and disposal facilities,
municipal solid waste landfills, onboard refuelling, residential wood combustion, vehicle
inspection/maintenance, and reformulated gasoline. In addition to these measures,
under Clean Air Act mandates, U.S. states have already adopted or will be required to
adopt additional measures for particular areas in the PEMA in order to meet the
applicable National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone.
- Quantitative Estimates
The emission reduction obligations identified in Part III.B above, in conjunction with the
anticipated national and area-specific reductions identified above, are estimated to
reduce annual NOx emissions in the PEMA from 1990 levels by 27% by 2007 and
36% by 2010 and annual VOC emissions in the PEMA from 1990 levels by 35% in
2007 and 38% in 2010.1 Further, the emission reduction obligations identified in Part
III.B above in conjunction with the anticipated national and area-specific reductions
identified above, are estimated to reduce ozone season NOx emissions in the PEMA
from 1990 levels by 35% by 2007 and 43% by 2010 and ozone season VOC
emissions in the PEMA from 1990 levels by 39% in 2007 and 36% in 2010.
1The assumptions used in calculating the indicative reductions are detailed in
"Procedures for Developing Base Year and Future Year Mass Modeling Inventories for
the Tier 2 Final Rulemaking" (EPA420-R-99-034, September 1999).
C. For Both Parties:
Each Party shall update its quantitative estimates referred to above, by 2004 and from time to
time thereafter, and shall make such estimates available to the other Party and to the public.
PART V --REPORTING
A. Beginning in 2004, as part of the biennial progress reports under Article VIII.2 of the
Agreement, the Parties agree to provide information on all anthropogenic NOx and all
anthropogenic and biogenic VOC emissions within the PEMA specified in Part II above. This
information shall be from a year not more than two years prior to the year of the report and shall
include:
- Annual and ozone season (May 1 to September 30) estimates for VOC
emissions categorized into the following sectors:
- Industrial Sources
- Non-Industrial Fuel Combustion
- Electric Power Generation
- Onroad Transportation
- Nonroad Transportation
- Solvent Utilization
- Other Anthropogenic Sources
- Biogenic sources (VOC emissions from vegetation and NOx emissions
from soil).
- Annual and ozone season (May 1 to September 30) estimates for NOx
emissions categorized into the following sectors:
- Industrial Sources
- Non-Industrial Fuel Combustion
- Electric Power Generation
- Onroad Transportation
- Nonroad Transportation
- Other Anthropogenic Sources.
- NOx and VOC 5-year emissions trends for the sectors listed above as well as
total emissions.
B. For the purpose of these reports, the Parties shall develop a common definition of what
source categories are covered in each sector and a common format and level of aggregation and
disaggregation of data for reporting emissions.
C. Beginning in 2002, as part of the biennial progress reports, the Parties agree to provide
the following ambient air quality information:
- Ambient ozone concentrations, reported in the form of the applicable standards
- 10-year trends in ambient ozone concentrations
- Ambient VOC concentrations
- 10-year trends in ambient VOC concentrations
- Ambient NOx concentrations
- 10-year trends in ambient NOx.
D. The ambient air quality information listed above shall be reported for all relevant
monitors located within 500 km of the border between Canada and the lower 48 states of the
United States.
E. For the purpose of these reports, the Parties shall develop common protocols and
reporting formats, including identification of relevant monitors, for reporting air quality and
trends information.
F. Beginning in 2004, as part of the biennial progress reports, the Parties agree to provide
information on implementation of the controls agreed to under this Annex.
PART VI -- REVISITING
A. The Parties agree to assess in 2004 progress in implementing the obligations in the
Annex with a view to negotiating further reductions.
B. The Parties agree to discuss, at the request of either Party, the possibility of amending
this Annex to designate additional emission management areas and/or to revise the emissions
commitments currently specified.
C. As part of the comprehensive review under Article X of the Agreement, the Parties shall
also review the adequacy of the obligations in this Annex for achieving the objectives of this
Annex.
PART VII -- MORE STRINGENT MEASURES
Either Party may take more stringent measures to control and reduce NOx and VOC
emissions than those specified in this Annex.
Appendix 1
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Appendix 2
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