Sub-sector Profiles: Index
[ Introduction | Significance | Structure | Performance | Employment | Investment ]
[ Trade Performance | Challenges/Opportunities | Association | Statistics | Contact ]

The Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry

The Canadian fruit and vegetable processing industry consists of two sub-sectors that are categorized according to their dominant method of processing: canned and preserved fruit and vegetables, and frozen fruit and vetables.

Introduction

The Canadian fruit and vegetable processing industry has undergone significant change during the last two decades in response to changing consumer demand for new and different products and to the evolution of a more open trading environment. Since 1989, the industry has significantly restructured into fewer plants to improve competitiveness, while marketing an overall expanded range of products to meet an ever-widening demand. Under the influence of globalization, the processed fruit and vegetable industry has changed from serving a protected, domestic-oriented market to one that is more open and competitive.

Following the implementation of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in 1989, the industry underwent a period of rationalization and specialization resulting in fewer plants and products but increased production. Most remaining firms, including both multinational enterprises (MNEs) and small to medium-sized companies (SMEs), also modernized equipment and developed training programs in response to the pressures of globalization, changes in retail distribution requirements and consumer preferences. Immediately after FTA implementation, the industry declined as imports increased. However, as restructuring took effect, exports increased and the industry grew its economic activity to higher than pre-FTA levels. The industry is continuing to grow.

Significance

In 1997, fruit and vegetable processing shipments totalled $4.08 billion, exports were $794 million and imports were $1.60 billion. In 1996, employment in the sector was 17,466 (the many seasonal workers in this sector are taken into account in the employment figures by considering their numbers of hours worked. For example, an employee working enough hours to account for one-quarter of the hours of a full-time year-round job would count as having one-quarter of a job).

The processed fruit and vegetable industry has historically experienced a large trade deficit, primarily because of consumer demand for a variety of products that cannot be grown in Canada.

Over the past few decades, per-capita consumption of fruit and vegetables, especially fresh and frozen, has increased substantially. Per capita consumption of fresh fruit and frozen fruit increased 22% and 52% respectively between 1962 and 1996. As well, juice consumption more than tripled over the same period. Per capita consumption of canned and preserved fruit other than juice declined 46%. Per capita consumption of fresh vegetables other than potatoes rose 21% while per capita consumption of frozen vegetables more than quadrupled. Per capita consumption of canned and preserved vegetables remained virtually unchanged.

The total food and beverage processing industry's value added from own manufacturing in 1996 was $19.8 billion, with fruit and vegetables accounting for $1.76 billion or 8.9% of the total. Value added in the fruit and vegetable processing industry was 47.4% of total shipments, compared to 36.3% for food and beverage processing as a whole.

Statistics quoted here including the appended table represent the most current data available at the time of publication.

Structure

Total shipments of own manufacture of processed fruit and vegetables were $4.08 billion in 1997, of which $2.43 billion were in canning and preserving and $1.64 billion were in freezing.

The processed fruit and vegetable industry accounted for $794 million, or 6.7% of the total food and beverage processing industry's $11.8 billion in exports in 1997. Imports of processed fruit and vegetables totalled $1.6 billion, or 17.3% of the $10.8 billion in total processed food and beverage imports in 1997. Much of this was imports of tropical or semi-tropical products (citrus juices, canned pineapple, etc.).

In 1996, the fruit and vegetable processing industry included 204 plants and employed 17,466 people. Employment in the Canadian industry is generally concentrated in small and medium-size population centres, close to agricultural production. It is important to local labour markets.

Most fruit and vegetable processors operate during short harvest seasons, and must finance the inventories of their products throughout the rest of the year. Many companies are continually taking steps to extend their production seasons by processing crops with different harvest seasons and by producing related value-added products such as soups, baked beans and other products.

Some companies also manufacture frozen entrees, frozen pizza, canned pasta, frozen prepared meals with combinations of vegetables, poultry, red meat, dairy products and grain-based ingredients. Plants primarily manufacturing these more specialized products, including dehydrated soups and sauces, are tracked separately (under "Other Food Preparations") for statistical purposes and are not included in this profile.

The practical limitations of transporting finished goods play a role in determining marketing patterns in the industry. In most cases, canned fruit and vegetables are easier and less costly to ship long distances than are frozen products.

Tariffs on most goods traded between Canada and the U.S. have been eliminated. Similarly, most tariffs between Canada and Mexico are being phased out under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Tariffs with other trading partners are being reduced under the Uruguay Round agreements in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Canadian import tariffs on processed fruit and vegetables generally apply to goods that compete directly with domestic production.

Because of climate, growing season and soil conditions, the U.S. has higher average yields than Canada for many fruit and vegetable crops. However, yields for some crops in Canada compare to or exceed yields from U.S. border states. With improved varieties and management techniques, tomato yields in southern Ontario have increased to the point of being comparable to those in California. Cool climate crops such as peas and beans have equal or better yields in Canada than in northern states. For cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts) and potatoes, Canadian weather conditions compare favourably with most northern U.S. states. Of course, some fruit and vegetables are not grown in Canada because of the northern climate. As well, processing of broccoli, which requires considerable hand labour, has tended to move to Mexico where wages are lower.

Canadian and U.S.-owned MNEs and intermediate-sized companies tend to dominate production in this industry.

Canned and preserved fruit and vegetables sub-sector (SIC - 1031)

Definition: Firms primarily engaged in cleaning, canning, dehydrating, pickling, preserving, juice extracting or otherwise processing fruit and vegetables including using aseptic packaging (except freezing).

Principal activities and products: Canned and preserved fruit and vegetables, juices and drinks (not frozen), cider, dehydrated and dried fruit and vegetables, fruit pie filling, horseradish, infant and junior food (fruit and vegetable base), relishes, fruit and vegetable sauces, canned vegetable soups, tomato ketchup, tomato paste, tomato pulp and purée, and vinegar.

In 1996, there were 170 canned and preserved fruit and vegetable establishments (including over 90 juice and drink plants and those using aseptic packaging technology), and 12,230 people employed in the sub-sector. Since 1988, there has been a net decrease of 20 establishments.

Canning and preserving is dominated by firms operating mainly in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia, close to sources of primary agricultural production. Some major MNEs have significant operations in Canada, but most processors are smaller, Canadian-owned operations.

MNEs have contributed to growth of both imports and exports as their Canadian plants have focussed on areas where they have competitive advantages on a regional basis in both U.S. and Canadian markets or in production flexibility. Canadian plants produce commonly known brands for the Canadian or North American markets, while benefiting from the marketing strengths of their parent MNE firms. They often have product mandates for "mainstream" sub-sector products such as canned peas, beans and corn; which contribute to increase exports, as well as value-added processed foods. Such mandates can build exports. At the same time, the need to fill out product offerings in the Canadian market can increase imports.

Similarly, many SMEs have rationalized and focussed their operations to remain competitive. These strategies involve the development of specialty products for market niches. In some cases SMEs also co-pack brand name products for MNEs or produce private-label products.

Smaller regional processors tend to pack the mainstream sub-sector products, with some firms doing both canning and freezing. The smaller plants often handle peak loads during the harvest season and then experience long periods of under-utilization or temporary closure.

Intermediate sized, diversified canning plants use their production capacity more evenly throughout the year than do smaller plants, sometimes generating profitable growth by introducing new high-margin products.

Definition: Firms primarily engaged in freezing fruit, vegetables and juices. Plants primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fish-and-chip dinners are classified under "Fish Products Industry" (SIC 1021). Those primarily engaged in manufacturing other frozen dinners are classified under "Other Food Products Industries" (SIC 1099).

Principal activities and products: The frozen fruit and vegetable sub-sector is mostly Canadian-owned and is about one-half the size of the canning sub-sector in terms of sales and employment. In 1996, there were 34 frozen fruit and vegetable establishments and 5,236 people employed in the sub-sector. Since 1988, there has been a net decrease of three establishments.

Many freezing plants operate on a scale that makes them competitive with nearby U.S. plants. However, by contrast, few Canadian freezing plants are as large, in terms of product volume, as major Canadian canning firms. Freezing plants are structured to process a range of products, including both local and imported fruit and vegetables, citrus fruit juice concentrates, and ready-to-serve frozen meals. Plants are often expanded one line at a time. Plant capacity in freezing operations is more evenly utilized throughout the year than in many canning plants, where production follows the growing season. Warehousing frozen products is less costly in terms of energy usage in Canada than in warmer climates.

Frozen potato products are the largest product group within the frozen fruit and vegetable sub-sector. Four firms dominate Canada's frozen french fry industry, which is becoming increasingly export-oriented. However, some smaller frozen french fry processors in Canada serve local markets. Recent developments in Canada's potato industry are characterized by a shift to more potato production in Western Canada. In recent years, Manitoba surpassed New Brunswick and is now Canada's number two potato producing province after Prince Edward Island.

In terms of investment, potato processing has brought and is continuing to bring about significant new investment in plant expansions in the Maritimes, Manitoba and Alberta.

Performance

Shipments of own manufacturing of processed fruit and vegetables rose from $3.07 billion in 1988 to $4.08 billion in 1997, an increase of 33%. When adjusted for inflation, these figures translate into a real increase of 20%.

Since FTA implementation, employment has fluctuated. 1996 employment was 358 (2%) lower than in 1988, as the industry has rationalized and become more capital intensive.

Figure 1: Total Shipments and Employment, 1988-96

Source: Statistics Canada (CANSIM) and/or Annual Survey of Manufacturers

As well, the industry has also shown steady improvement in labour productivity when it is measured by value-added per production worker. In Canada, this measure rose from $72,688 in 1989 to $113,579 in 1994 (source: Statistics Canada, Census of Manufactures and U.S. Department of Commerce, Annual Survey of Manufactures). U.S. productivity increased more slowly from $90,500 (Cdn.) in 1989 to $115,400 (Cdn.) in 1994. The increase in Canada resulted in part from significant rationalization, consolidation of plants and modernization of equipment.

In 1988, 49% of Canadian exports of processed fruit and vegetables went to the U.S. By 1997, that figure had increased to 78%. Imports from the U.S. represented 45% of total Canadian imports of processed fruit and vegetables in 1988 and rose to 66% in 1997. Most imports were products not grown in Canada or, in some cases, low cost "commodities" such as apple juice concentrate imported for further processing. Major import items included frozen concentrated orange and other citrus juices, canned fruit, canned tomatoes and tomato paste.

Figure 2: Imports, Exports and Domestic Shipments, 1997

Source: Statistics Canada (CANSIM) and/or Annual Survey of Manufacturers

Canadian processors are major global exporters of frozen potato products, mainly french fries. In 1997, Canada exported $355 million of frozen potato products, representing 45% of total Canadian exports of processed fruit and vegetables, which were worth $794 million. Imports of frozen potato products increased from $5 million in 1988 to $22 million in 1997.

Canned and preserved fruit and vegetables sub-sector (SIC - 1031)

Employment in this sub-sector fluctuated between 1988 (12,835) and 1996 (12,230), showing a net decrease of 605, as firms underwent pronounced rationalization and modernization.

Shipments of own manufacture of canned and preserved fruit and vegetables increased from $2.20 billion in 1988 to $2.43 billion in 1997.

Exports of canned and preserved fruit and vegetables increased from $76 million in 1988 to $263 million in 1997. Imports of canned and preserved fruit and vegetables rose from $528 million in 1988 to $1.32 billion in 1997. Increased trade resulted from trade liberalization, especially the FTA.

The canned and preserved sub-sector reflects a domestic orientation, with exports representing only 11% of shipments of own manufacture in 1997. Import penetration was significant at 37% of the Canadian market. As a result, the trade deficit for this sub-sector increased from $452 million in 1988 to $1.06 billion in 1997.

Frozen fruit and vegetables sub-sector (SIC -1032)

Employment in this sub-sector fluctuated between 1988 (4,989) and 1996 (5,236), with a net increase of 247.

Shipments of own manufacture of frozen fruit and vegetables increased from $872 million in 1988 to $1.64 billion in 1997. Exports of frozen fruit and vegetables rose substantially from $154 million in 1988 to $530 million in 1997. On the other hand, imports of frozen fruit and vegetables increased only marginally from $261 million in 1988 to $281 million in 1997.

This sub-sector is more export-oriented than is the canning sub-sector. The trade balance for this sub-sector moved from a $107-million deficit in 1988 to a surplus of $249 million in 1997, with frozen potato products contributing a large part of the increase in exports. In 1997, the industry exported 32% of its shipments of own manufacture, up from 18% in 1988. While trade with the U.S. is the major factor in this shift, a significant drop in imports from the rest of the world, plus overall Canadian export growth, also contributed to the change.

Issues, Challenges and Opportunities - Toward the Next Century

Functioning within a global environment

MNEs continue to rationalize production among their multi-plant operations. Even plants within a company can compete for the production of specific food products for the entire North American market and beyond. Consequently, the increase in imports from the U.S., in part, reflects inter-plant transfer of product across the border. Loss of a product line in Canada also means that raw materials are no longer sourced in Canada. On the other hand, some Canadian subsidiaries of MNEs have received product mandates to serve the U.S.

SMEs, for their part, have to compete in an increasingly open Canadian market but also have increased access to export markets, particularly the U.S.

Overall, Canadian fruit and vegetable processors are faced with increased import competition, particularly from processed tropical fruit and a wider range of processed vegetables that serve the growing ethnic market. This reflects consumer demand for a more diverse range of food. To counterbalance the influx of imports, the industry is increasing its exports of products in which it has comparative advantages.

Regulatory issues

The industry is regulated by the Canada Agricultural Products Act with respect to grading and container size regulations. The Food and Drug Act applies policies, standards and scientific assessments of food products with respect to health.

Overall, there is a trend to internationalize regulations, and the industry will face the challenge of looking at regulations that could be harmonized, either bilaterally with the U.S. or multilaterally through the World Trade Organization and Codex Alimentarius.

Technology and innovation

Canning and preserving are traditional technologies that remain the means of choice for bringing processed tomatoes and tomato products, beans and juices to the marketplace. As well, canning remains the process used to bring significant quantities of corn and peas to consumers, although freezing is also used for those commodities. Ultra High Temperature packs are also important for juices and other products. Canadian canning operations generally employ readily available and established processing technology adaptable to the particular requirements of a manufacturer. When a company upgrades a facility, it normally does so by modernizing or replacing older equipment, with an emphasis on higher productivity and better quality control.

Many companies that were marginally profitable and financially unable to upgrade their plants or equipment have already left the industry because of intensified price competition, while other firms have invested in plant and equipment to become internationally competitive.

The freezing technology in current use is relatively new, and therefore the level of technology employed is generally more sophisticated in freezing than in canning plants. Equipment in Canadian plants is generally technically equivalent to that of U.S. or European operations.

Much of the machinery used in food processing or in the warehousing of end products is manufactured in Europe or the U.S. Technological changes in the industry are manifested in new packaging processes or new materials, efficient process control systems, automated distribution systems or new product formulations.

Leading Canadian-owned firms undertake significant research and development (R&D) in product adaptation and production efficiency achievement. Subsidiaries of MNEs generally do not perform extensive R&D in Canada. However, because of their close ties to sophisticated parent firms, they have access to state-of-the-art industry innovations and new products.

Trade Performance

We do not have a subject on "Trade Performance", our apologies.

Opportunities in the domestic market

Canada is still the market in which the largest amount of Canadian processed fruit and vegetables is sold, although the industry is increasingly export oriented. The domestic market for ready-made "meal solutions" is growing and presents opportunities for new frozen fruit and vegetable products.

Some MNEs have consolidated operations and/or divested themselves of "non-core" businesses, to gain economies of scale and to become more specialized to compete with nearby U.S. plants for North American business. Other firms have built on the flexibility of Canadian plants to undertake efficient production of smaller runs of niche products for the North American market. Still others are gaining advantages through specialization and more targeted marketing to industrial buyers, such as food service operators. Suppliers of both raw ingredients and packaging are working more closely and cooperatively with food processing firms to reduce costs.

An interesting change is the nature of the competition. One company owning major national brands has withdrawn from production. It continues to market its brands but has left the processing to co-packers. All national brands are facing competition from private labels. As well, consumer demand and the diversity of offerings led to sales increases of chilled juices and drinks in particular, with an increase of 124% between 1994 and 1996. Private-label and co-pack brands represent additional opportunities for Canadian exports of processed fruit and vegetables, although in the U.S. market, for example, private label is less developed than in the Canadian market.

The development and use of packaging materials and techniques, such as aseptic or gas-flushed containment, have improved the quality and convenience of foods and beverages. These advances will help to improve prospects for growth in product categories such as fruit juices, solid vegetables, sauces and soups.

Frozen fruit and vegetable products offer important advantages to consumers whose lifestyles, ages or nutritional requirements make it difficult for them to prepare meals from fresh foods. Appropriate packaging and portions are key competitive advantages. In Canada, an aging population and growing number of single-person households have created a demand for smaller portions and convenient, microwaveable frozen foods.

Employment

We do not have a subject on "Employment", our apologies.

Opportunities in international markets

Increasing import competition in the Canadian market will necessitate expanding exports if growth is to be maintained. Tariff and non-tariff barriers on canned, preserved and frozen vegetables are being reduced and eliminated under the Uruguay Round and NAFTA and as countries negotiate their entry to the WTO. Processors, modernizing and expanding, will increasingly look to export markets as imports increase. For example, there are specific opportunities for growth in supplying frozen french fries to the Pacific Rim, Central and South America, and frozen blueberries to the U.S., European Union (EU) and Latin America. Growth is also expected for juices as well as jams, jellies, condiments and other value-added products. As well, there will be increasing niche markets in the U.S., EU and Japan for quality fruit and vegetable products tailored to demand.

The frozen french fry industry is one of the most successful industries of the food and beverage manufacturing sector, particularly in Atlantic Canada, Manitoba, and Alberta. More than half of Canada's exports of frozen vegetables are french fries - a product that is growing significantly around the world with the international expansion of fast food chains. Canadian firms are internationally competitive suppliers of this fast-growing product from both Canadian and foreign-based plants.

There has been some introduction of new cuts and flavours and even new "healthful" non-hydrogenated canola oil french fried potatoes. Canola oil french fries represent consumer interest in both health and convenience. Such product developments will be key to maintaining and expanding market share. In the mid-term, Canadian frozen french fry manufacturers hope to increase exports further, particularly in Asia.

Juices are another product group with excellent potential for continuing export growth. Between 1994 and 1997, exports rose from $19 million to $74 million, mostly to the U.S. but with sales to Hong Kong and China expanding rapidly. Premium products such as first-squeeze apple juice and new combinations such as carrot-mango-orange and cranberry-blueberry cocktails can play a significant role in developing interest in a line that also includes traditional juices.

Challenges

The main challenges for the Canadian fruit and vegetable processing industry are to maintain its share of the domestic market and to increase exports. Firms will develop and market the products that best match the companies' strengths with consumer demand, with convenient value-added items growing in popularity and consumer tastes constantly changing.

Pressure on margins is expected to continue as retailers work to increase sales of private label products and as Efficient Consumer Response (for "just-in-time delivery") forces processors to tailor their delivery quantities to meet retailers' requirements.

To meet competition, processors are improving all aspects of their operations. Many have introduced "Total Quality Management" systems to stimulate innovative work environments and improve productivity as well as quality. Raw materials and transportation, in addition to in-plant operations, are among the factors of production addressed by total quality management.

With consumer preferences moving away from canned and toward fresh and frozen products, as well as toward more convenience and value-added items (not to mention new tastes and the changing ethnic mix), processors are juggling a vast array of variables in addition to the ever-present factors of quality and price. Consumer tastes are changing faster than in the past, and processors are having to adapt their product lines in response to domestic and import competition as the popularity of both new and traditional products quickly rises and falls. This marketplace is characterized by constant pressure to develop new products and to drop under performing items.

MNEs generally produce well-known brands and have well developed distribution and marketing networks. As well, they tend to have greater financial capability to invest in new technologies, productivity and labour saving, making them more competitive on global markets. They tend to give product mandates to their plants that can make particular lines most efficiently.

SMEs, lacking economies of scale, may pay higher prices for packaging materials and other inputs. On the other hand, SMEs can have the advantage of flexibility. Shorter production runs can enable them to serve niche markets. Plant and line closures have occurred especially for manufacturers of undifferentiated or "commodity" products. Moreover, firms of all sizes involved in primary processing of vegetables can be expected to encounter continued price competition.

Investment

We do not have a subject on "Investment", our apologies.

Supply chain management issues

The processing industry uses a considerable portion of the total domestic production of fruit and vegetables. According to Statistics Canada, the percentages of fruit and vegetables purchased by processors in Canada is 32% based on value, and 40% based on volume.

The industry faces uncertainties because of climate conditions that affect the quality, yield and cost of produce. Therefore, companies secure appropriate sources of raw materials, both in Canada and abroad, and maintain long-term agreements with suppliers. Many reduce the impact of risk through the diversification of product lines.

Most provinces have marketing boards to negotiate, on behalf of growers, prices and conditions of sale of major horticultural crops to processors. The systems of negotiation and arbitration vary by province and board.

Since the beginning of tariff elimination under the FTA in 1989, there has been active cooperation between the boards and processors. Recent changes in marketing board procedures have provided benefits to both growers and processors. Changes to the traditional pricing arrangements for some crops have meant that produce is often priced according to a formula that increases the competitiveness of the Canadian processing sector. At the same time, processors have assisted growers in improving yields.

During the past decade, the introduction of the warehouse club segment that emphasizes value, as well as the increasing concentration of the distribution sector, in general, have increased pressure on processors to reduce prices and focus on efficiencies. Furthermore, the introduction and increasing prevalence of private or own-label products by retailers have further pressured processor margins and increased retailer leverage. Currently, such products represent about 20% to 30% of canned and frozen product sales in Canada and are expected to continue to grow. Private label production has, in many instances, provided real growth opportunities for small- and medium-sized processors.

The concurrent emphasis on Efficient Consumer Response has meant that processors have had to introduce extensive technological developments such as electronic data interchange, bar coding and continuous product replenishment (just-in-time deliveries) into their operations, as well as strategic approaches such as category management, which refines profit maximization in product categories. These changes are aimed at reducing supply chain costs by reducing inventories and improving efficiencies in the system.

The Canadian Processed Fruit and Vegetable Industry

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Contact

The Following Analysis Reports are Available from the Food Bureau:

Food & Beverage Processing Sector Analysis

• The Canadian Food and Beverage processing Sector - An Overview of Opportunities and Challenges at the Turn of the Century
• Historical Perspective of the Canadian Food and Beverage Processing Sector
• Analysis of the structure of the Canadian Agri-food Industry
  [ Top ]
  
  

  Sub-Sector Profiles

• The Canadian Bread and Bakery Industry
• The Canadian Confectionery Industry
• The Canadian Wine Industry
• The Canadian Distillery Industry
• The Canadian Dairy Processing Industry
• The Canadian Red Meat Processing Industry
• The Canadian Feed Industry
• The Canadian Poultry Processing Industry
• The Canadian Snack Food Industry
• The Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry
• The Canadian Cane and Beet Sugar Industry
• The Canadian Flour and Related Products Industry
• The Canadian Soft Drink Industry
• The Canadian Bottled Water Industry
• The Canadian Tea and Coffee Industry *
• The Canadian Pasta Industry *
• The Canadian Brewing Industry *
• The Canadian Miscellaneous Foods Industry *

* Titles marked with an asterisk are not complete at time of publication. Published profiles are available on the internet at http://www.agr.gc.ca

Regional Profiles

• Atlantic Provinces
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia

Readers can obtain data updates by accessing the electronic version of these reports on ACEIS at http://www.agr.gc.ca

We would be pleased to receive your views, and any comments or suggestions that would improve the substance of these reports. For additional information and/or to provide your comments, please contact:

Food Bureau, Room 501, Sir John Carling Building, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C5, (613) 759-7556.

Les documents sont disponibles en français.

Links:

AAFC-MISB InfoHort Sources

• 1999-2000 Canadian Fruit Situation and Trends
• 1999-2000 Canadian Vegetable Situation and Trends
• 1999-2000 Canadian Potato Situation and Trends
• National Crop News Report

USDA-ERS Sources

• Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Yearbook
• Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Report
• Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook Yearbook
• Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook Report

USDA-NASS Sources

• Agricultural Statistics: Chapter IV Statistics of Vegetables and Melons
• Agricultural Statistics: Chapter V Statistics of Fruits, Tree Nuts, and Horticultural Specialties
• Commodity Report: Vegetables
• Commodity Report: Crop Production

USDA-FAS Sources

• GAIN Report: Guatemala, Product Brief, Processed Fruits and Vegetables, 2001

EU-Eurostat Sources

• Eurostat: Prime-UP12 and New Cronos-Classification Plan

UN-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Sources

• FAOSTAT database

Trade Information Services, Inc. and Statistics Canada Sources

• World Trade Atlas

Date Modified: 2004-06-02		Important Notices
[ Français | Contact Us | Help | Search | Canada Site ] [ AAFC Online | Links | Newsroom | What's New | Site Index ]