Human Health Issues related to Avian Influenza in Canada

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References

1*. Mace M, Imada T, Sanada Y, Etoh M, Sanada N, Tsukamoto K, Kawaoka Y, Yamaguchi S. Imported parakeets harbor H9N2 influenza A viruses that are genetically closely related to those transmitted to humans in Hong Kong.

2*. Perkins LE, Swayne DE. Varied pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 avian influenza virus in four passerine species and budgerigars. Vet Pathol. 2003 Jan;40(1):14-24.

3*. Perkins LE, Swayne DE. Comparative susceptibility of selected avian and mammalian species to a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Dis. 2003;47(3 Suppl):956-67.

*Note: The 3 preceding references were cited by Dr.Derek Spielman, Chief Veterinarian, Ocean Park, Hong Kong in an Promed posting from April 15, 2004.

4. Horimoto, T. & Kawaoka, Y. Pandemic Threat Posed by Avian Influenza A Viruses. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jan 2001, Vol 14 No.1, p. 129-149

5. European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control, The public health risk from highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses emerging in Europe with specific reference to type A/H5N1. (Interim ECDC Risk Assessment - updated January 5, 2006). Accessed March 19, 2006 online at: http://www.ecdc.eu.int/avian_influenza/H5N1_European_Risk_Assessment_ECDC_051019.pdf

6. OIE. Terrestrial Animal Health Code - 2005, Chapter 1.1.1: Definitions. Accessed June 26, 2006 online at: http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_chapitre_1.1.1.htm

7. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Fact sheet: Avian Influenza. CFIA website. May 2006. Accessible online at: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/avflu/avflufse.shtml

8. Email communication from Dr. Danuta Skowronski MD, FRCPC, Epidemiologist, BC Centre for Disease Control. May 31, 2006.

9. Nicholson, K., Wood, J. & Zambon, M. Influenza (Seminar). Lancet 2003; 362:1733-1745

10. Koopmans, M., Wilbrink, B., Cony, M., et al. Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands. Lancet 2003; 363:587-593.

11. Horimoto, T. et al. Antigenic Differences between H5N1 Human Influenza Viruses Isolated in 1997 and 2003. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(3): 303-305, 2004.

12. Areechokchai, D. et al. Investigation of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreak in Humans - Thailand 2004. MMWR Vol. 55 Supplement; 3-6. April 28, 2006.

13. Respiratory Illness Outbreak Response Protocol (RIORP): Federal / Provincial / Territorial General Principles and Operating Procedures. January 2006 DRAFT. Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada.

14. Minutes provided by BCCDC for April 6, 2004 10 am Teleconference on Avian Influenza (representatives present from: BCDCD, CFIA, Health Canada /Public Health Agency of Canada -CIDPC & WPHSP, Workers Compensation Board)

15. Summary data provided by Dr. John Pasick, National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (NCFAD), Winnipeg. Initially for the May 2002 Health Canada National Influenza Surveillance Meeting, updated through email correspondence in April 2004.

16. Gill, J. et al. Avian Influenza among Waterfowl Hunters and Wildlife Professionals. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 12, No. 8, August 2006.

17. Bosman A, Meijer A, Koopmans M. Final analysis of Netherlands avian influenza outbreaks reveals much higher levels of transmission to humans than previously thought. Euro Surveill 2005;10(1):E050106.2.

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