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A Canadian Research Consultation on Co-morbidities Associated with Mental Illness, Addiction, Brain Disorders and the Senses: an INMHA Strategic Research Agenda 2005-2010 |
Consultation Report |
Strachan-Tomlinson
Draft: October 5, 2005
In September 2005, the Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction (INMHA) of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) brought together researchers, clinicians and representatives from non-government organizations and industry to develop a multi-disciplinary, integrated strategic research agenda for co-morbidities. The objectives were to:
Dr. Barbara Beckett, Assistant Director INMHA, welcomed participants to the consultation. She noted that Dr. Rémi Quirion, Scientific Director, INMHA has a strong commitment to this strategic initiative as it presents a significant research challenge and was initiated and strongly supported by the consumer community. INMHA's goal is to have an RFA related to co-morbidity ready by the end of 2006. The recommendations from the workshop report will be taken to the Institute Advisory Board (IAB) for decision-making and the development of an RFA. The report on the consultation will be posted on the INMHA website.
Dr. Roberta Palmour, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Institute Advisory Board (IAB) member for INMHA, emphasized that while co-morbidities are prevalent and pervasive, they are rarely studied and although a strong Canadian presence exists in co-morbidity research, funding is minimal and difficult to obtain. There is an ingrained resistance to the challenges of doing this type of research and a lack of good research tools.
Co-morbidity denotes two or more illnesses affecting the same individual. At this workshop, discussion focused on co-morbidities relevant to the INMHA mandate - physical or mental conditions that co-occur with neurological, mental health, addiction, language and communication, and sensory disorders. Studying co-morbidities requires a commitment to integration through cross-theme work and strong relationships among scientists, health professionals, policy makers and consumers. Integrated approaches require a process that is both sensitive and comprehensive and includes an understanding of different approaches and methods as well as the development of a common language.
During the workshop participants were encouraged to:
Participants were asked to introduce themselves and state one hope for the outcome of the consultation.
Participants represented a broad range of expertise and expectations. They worked thoughtfully and energetically to develop strategic priorities for a national research agenda.
Dr. Scott Patten, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary
The Co-morbidities Challenge in Mental Illness, Addiction, Brain Disorders and the Senses: Epidemiology of Medical-Psychiatric Co-morbidity in Canada
Dr. Patten began by highlighting the importance of epidemiology in describing service needs in policy development and the generation of hypotheses regarding etiological associations and pathophysiological mechanisms. It is also important in screening and case-finding because information about base rates is critical to the interpretation of screening test results. Dr. Patten noted that not all of these tasks require general population sampling.
It has always been difficult to study mental health in the community because making a psychiatric diagnosis generally requires a professional interview. In the past, psychiatric diagnosis depended on clinical judgments about the cause of a disturbance. This situation changed in the mid-1980s with the development of DSM-III, a standardized system of psychiatric diagnostic classification that attempted to steer clear of theoretical judgments and instead based diagnoses on more reliably measured symptoms and signs. This approach allowed the development of detailed interview schedules which, in turn, enabled trained research assistants for the first time to be able to make valid and reliable diagnoses for community studies. However, one relevant aspect of DSM-IV, a group of diagnoses for disorders "due to a general medical condition", contradicts this trend, introducing etiological or theoretical judgments into otherwise criterion-based diagnostic definitions. This can create problems since these particular categories partially reflect existing beliefs and judgments about the etiology of symptoms, which may compromise the ability of epidemiological data to challenge or expand knowledge about etiology in the area of medical-psychiatric co-morbidity.
Dr. Patten cited several US studies which showed that a number of chronic conditions and physical disorders were associated with lifetime prevalence of major depression and anxiety disorders as well as post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobias. He also noted that the Canadian "Roadmap Initiative Surveys", including the National Population Heath Survey (NPHS) and Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), had been instrumental in collecting data that show co-morbidities between mental and physical conditions.
Dr. Patten concluded that:
Three speakers provided examples of current research into co-morbidities based on their respective areas of expertise.
1. Dr. Sam Wiebe, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Impact of Co-morbidity on Epilepsy
Dr. Wiebe presented data on (i) the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in Canada and around the world and on (ii) the burden of epilepsy on the quality of life of those living with the condition and related use of health service resources. He provided evidence of the co-morbidity of epilepsy with a number of other physical illnesses and mental disorders, including: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, social phobia, and major depression. He noted that a review of practice guidelines for fifteen of the most common chronic conditions showed an absence of modifications based on the presence of co-morbidity.
Dr. Wiebe concluded that epilepsy has a high level of somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity. He outlined the need for comprehensive paradigms for understanding common mechanisms and causality, delivering care, measuring consequences (health and social burden, mortality) and measuring outcomes.
2. Dr. Nancy Frasure-Smith, McGill University, Le Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre
Co-morbidity Between Depression and Cardiac Disease: Cause, Effect or Coincidence?
Dr. Frasure-Smith outlined a research programme investigating the link between depression and cardiac disease. Her research, in conjunction with that of Dr. François Lespérance, has shown that depression is at least 3 times as common among those with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) as in the general population, with either elevated depression symptoms or major depression occurring in about one in three patients hospitalized for CAD. Depression in these patients is associated with significantly increased rates of mortality and reduced long-term survival, according to her own and other studies. Meta analyses of longitudinal cohort studies also indicate that depression may be a risk factor for development of CAD in initially healthy individuals. This conclusion was recently strengthened by Dr. Salim Yusuf and colleagues in their publication describing a large international case-control study of individuals with a first heart attack, the INTERHEART study. Dr. Frasure-Smith reviewed biologically plausible mechanisms linking depression with CAD. She also outlined the ESCAPE study (Epidemiological Study of Acute Coronary Syndromes and the Pathophysiology of Emotions) the goal of which is to confirm the prognostic impact of major depression and elevated depression symptoms in stable CAD patients, exploring inflammatory as well as genetic mechanisms.
It is important to know whether treatment of depression in CAD (with antidepressant drugs, psychotherapy, exercise, etc.) improves the prognosis, and to consider whether and how treatment of depression should be incorporated into cardiovascular care.
Dr. Frasure-Smith concluded that depression is strongly and consistently associated with an increased chance of developing or worsening CAD and that research needs to focus on:
3. Dr. Louise Nadeau, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
Concurrent Substance Abuse and Other Mental Health Disorders: The Chicken or the Egg?
Dr. Nadeau outlined the inter-activity among mood and anxiety disorders and substance abuse disorders. Research in clinical settings has revealed that among those with substance abuse disorders, there is a high prevalence of concurrent mental illness, resulting in a reduction of treatment effectiveness. Integrative treatment is needed.
Challenges include:
Research needs include:
Dr. Nadeau concluded that the "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Lesson" demonstrates that, given an individual's biological limitations, psychological and social factors can make a positive difference.
For the purposes of this consultation, strategic research priorities were considered to be research areas or applications that are central to collaborative, cross-disciplinary research on co-morbidities associated with mental illness, addiction, brain disorders and the senses. Priorities tend to cross disciplines, determinants of health and CIHR research themes. They may vary in scope but should be focused enough to enable the identification of appropriate approaches or methodologies.
Other considerations in recommending priorities during this consultation were:
Participants agreed on the following five research priorities, listed in alphabetical order:
Participants then formed working groups to describe these priorities in more detail and develop research questions for an RFA.
Etiology and Developmental Pathways
The following types of studies were suggested to address this strategic priority:
The following CIHR research themes are most relevant to this research priority:
Basic biomedical, e.g.,, genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue physiology | Applied clinical, e.g.,, drugs, devices, social intervention Add: psychological and individual interventions |
Health systems and services, e.g.,, epidemiology, health care quality, cost-effectiveness | Societal, cultural and environmental influences on health and the health of populations |
X |
X |
X |
X |
The following determinants of health are the most closely linked to this research priority:
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Income and Social Status |
X |
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills |
X |
Social Support Networks |
X |
Healthy Child and Adolescent Development |
X |
Education |
X |
Biology and Genetic Endowment |
X |
Employment/Working Conditions |
X |
Health Services |
X |
Social Environments |
X |
Gender |
X |
Physical Environments |
X |
Culture |
X |
Potential Research Questions:
Discussion points:
Implementation and Future Research Partnerships:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends currently exist in Canada and internationally and would facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends are required in Canada and internationally to facilitate implementation of this research agenda:
Future partnerships required to implement this agenda include:
Improving Delivery of Integrated Services and Treatment
The following studies were suggested to address this strategic priority.
Addressing this priority will require innovative, comprehensive, sustained research by integrated teams to generate knowledge at all levels. Support will be required for networking and acquisition of pilot data.
The following research themes are most relevant to this strategic research direction:
Basic biomedical, e.g.,, genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue physiology | Applied clinical, e.g.,, drugs, devices, social intervention Add: psychological and individual interventions |
Health systems and services, e.g.,, epidemiology, health care quality, cost-effectiveness | Societal, cultural and environmental influences on health and the health of populations |
X |
X |
XX |
X |
It was noted that there is a need for 2-way translation/mobilization of knowledge among these pillars in order to foster innovation within the elements of the heath care continuum.
The following determinants of health are most closely linked to this research direction:
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Income and Social Status | Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills |
X | |
Social Support Networks | Healthy Child and Adolescent Development | ||
Education | Biology and Genetic Endowment |
X | |
Employment/Working Conditions | Health Services |
X | |
Social Environments | Gender | ||
Physical Environments | Culture |
Although the key determinants are checked above, the others are also important because they provide a context for the three key determinants and must be considered for effective patient outcomes.
Potential Research Questions:
Current Research:
Implementation and Future Research Partnerships:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends currently exist in Canada and internationally and would facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends are required in Canada and internationally to facilitate implementation of this research agenda:
Future partnerships required to implement this agenda:
Knowledge Transfer and Exchange
Key elements of research in Knowledge Transfer and Exchange:
The following research themes are the most relevant to this strategic research priority:
Basic biomedical, e.g.,, genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue physiology | Applied clinical, e.g.,, drugs, devices, social intervention Add: psychosocial and individual interventions |
Health systems, health services, e.g.,, epidemiology, addiction services quality, cost-effectiveness | Societal, cultural and environmental influences on addictive behaviors |
X |
X |
X |
X |
The following determinants of health are most closely linked to this research priority:
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Income and Social Status |
X |
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills |
X |
Social Support Networks |
X |
Healthy Child and Adolescent Development |
X |
Education |
X |
Biology and Genetic Endowment |
X |
Employment/Working Conditions |
X |
Health Services |
X |
Social Environments |
X |
Gender |
X |
Physical Environments |
X |
Culture |
X |
Research Questions:
Discussion Points:
Implementation and Future Research Partnerships:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends currently exist in Canada and internationally and would facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends are required in Canada and internationally to facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
Future partnerships required to implement this agenda:
Longitudinal Population-Based Studies of Cause, Course and Outcome
The following types of studies were suggested:
Studies focused on the following areas:
The following research themes are most closely linked to this strategic research priority:
Basic biomedical, e.g.,, genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue physiology | Applied clinical, e.g.,, drugs, devices, social intervention Add: psychosocial and individual interventions |
Health systems, health services, e.g.,, epidemiology, health care quality, cost-effectiveness | Societal, cultural and environmental influences on health and the health of populations |
X |
X |
X |
X |
The following determinants of health are most closely linked to this research priority:
Determinants |
Check (+) |
Determinants |
Check (+) |
Income and Social Status |
+ |
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills |
+ |
Social Support Networks |
+ |
Healthy Child and Adolescent Development |
+ |
Education |
+ |
Biology and Genetic Endowment |
+ |
Employment/Working Conditions |
+ |
Health Services |
+ |
Social Environments |
- |
Gender |
- |
Physical Environments |
- |
Culture |
- |
+ = More; - = Less
Research Questions:
Current Research:
Implementation and Future Research Partnerships:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situations or trends currently exist in Canada and internationally and would facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends are required in Canada and internationally to facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
Future partnerships required to implement this agenda:
Measurement Tools for Screening and Diagnosis
New or improved (more specific) measurement tools for co-morbidity research are required for:
Considerations for research on measurement tools:
The following research themes are most relevant to this strategic research priority:
Basic biomedical, e.g.,, genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue physiology | Applied clinical, e.g.,, drugs, devices, social intervention Add: psychosocial and individual interventions |
Health systems, health services, e.g.,, epidemiology, health care quality, cost-effectiveness | Societal, cultural and environmental influences on health and the health of populations |
|
X (1) |
X (2) |
X (3) |
The following determinants of health are most closely linked to this research priority:
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Determinants |
Check (X) |
Income and Social Status | Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills |
X | |
Social Support Networks | Healthy Child and Adolescent Development | ||
Education |
X |
Biology and Genetic Endowment | |
Employment/Working Conditions | Health Services |
X | |
Social Environments | Gender | ||
Physical Environments | Culture |
Research Questions:
Current Research:
Discussion points:
Implementation and Future Research Partnerships:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situations or trends currently exist in Canada and internationally and would facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
The following capacities, competencies, experience, legislation, situation or trends are required in Canada and internationally to facilitate the implementation of this research agenda:
Future partnerships required to implement this agenda include:
In closing, consultation participants were asked:
"If you were going to prepare an RFA on co-morbidity, what would you keep in mind?"
Participants strongly recommended that the RFA be very specific to support the quality of applications and to ensure that the peer review process reflects the spirit and heart of this consultation's discussion. It was also recommended that the RFA demonstrate serious and meaningful outreach to the communities under study, and that these communities be involved in a meaningful way in the development of the RFA and the dissemination of results.
Participants emphasized that applicants will need to adopt a multidisciplinary team approach to this type of research, with involvement of groups with specific expertise as appropriate (e.g., management science, government policy).
Participants strongly recommended that the peer review panel constituted for this RFA should include those with cross-disciplinary (biological and psychosocial) expertise and understanding. Lay members (i.e., patients) should also be part of this peer review panel.
It was recommended that a 2-tiered RFA be considered, because some partnerships may be ready to apply now while others may need more time to develop. For the latter, the RFA could include a development grant or seed money to hold a "partners forum" or develop an inter-sectoral team.
Participants also recommended that the Letter of Intent process be developed to satisfy CIHR needs without requiring a large investment of time and effort by applicants. There was also some discussion about whether the RFA would need to include a commitment to training.
On behalf of the INMHA Advisory Board, Dr. Roberta Palmour expressed her appreciation for the progress made by participants in this consultation. She thanked them for their intensity, openness and collaboration throughout the two-day process. The Advisory Board has been given a great deal to think about as it goes to work on preparing the RFA.
Dr. Barbara Beckett, Assistant Director (Ottawa) of INMHA also expressed her thanks and committed to sharing a draft report with participants for their comments. She will be reporting to the INMHA Institute Advisory Board later in mid-October on the conclusions of this workshop.
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A Canadian Research Consultation on Co-morbidities Associated with Mental Illness, Addiction, Brain Disorders and the Senses: an INMHA Strategic Research Agenda 2005-2010 |
Participant List |
Carol Adair Department of Community Health Sciences 3330 Hospital Dr. NW Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 ceadair@ucalgary.ca |
Alasdair Barr Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia 211, 828 West 10th Avenue VGH Research Pavillion Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8 albarr@interchange.ubc.ca |
Barbara Beckett Canadian Institutes of Health Research 160 Elgin St, PL 4809A Ottawa, ON K1A 0W9 BBeckett@cihr-irsc.gc.ca |
Michelle Bergin Schizophrenia Society of Canada 50 Acadia Avenue Markham, ON L4R 3K7 berginm@schizophrenia.ca |
Richard Brière CIHR - Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction Douglas Hospital Research Centre McGill University 6875 LaSalle Blvd. Dobell B2131 Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3 richard.briere@douglas.mcgill.ca |
Robert Buckingham Canadian Psychiatric Association 141 Laurier Avenue West Suite 701 Ottawa, ON K1P 5J3 robert.buckingham@uhn.on.ca |
McIntyre Burnham Department of Pharmacology University of Toronto 1 Kings College Circle Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 mac.burnham@utoronto.ca |
Saulo Castel Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto/Whitby Mental Health Centre 700 Gordon St., Room 2-2511 Whitby, ON L1N 5S9 saulo@rogers.com |
Shawn Currie Department of Psychology Addiction Centre, Calgary Health Region, Foothills Medical Centre 1403-29th St NW Calgary, AB T2N 2T9 scurrie@ucalgary.ca |
Barbara Everett Consultant Mood Disorders Society of Canada 56H West Avenue Toronto, ON M4M 2L8 barbaraeverett416@yahoo.com |
John Fisk Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University 4066 Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building 5909 Veteran's Memorial Lane Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 john.fisk@cdha.nshealth.ca |
Nancy Frasure-Smith Department of Psychiatry McGill University 1216 St-Mathieu Montreal, QC H3H 2H7 nancy.frasure-smith@mcgill.ca |
Guillaume Galbaud du Fort Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies The Sir Mortimer B. Davies-Jewish General Hospital 3755 Chemin de la Cote-Ste-Catherine Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 guillaume.galbaud_du_fort@mcgill.ca |
William Gnam Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Tower Wind, T314 33 Russell Street Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 wgnam@iwh.on.ca |
Ronald Gravel Health Statistics Division Statistics Canada Room 2600, Main Building Tunney's Pasture Ottawa, ON K1A 0T6 ronald.gravel@statcan.ca |
James L. Henry McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Micheal G DeGroote Institute for Pain Researh and Care Room, iJ11 1200 Main Street E. Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 jhenry@mcmaster.ca |
Steve Kisely Psychiatry Community Health and Epidemiology,Dalhousie University Room 425 Centre for Clinical Research 5790 University Avenue Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7 stephen.kisely@cdha.nshealth.ca |
Francois L'Esperance Department of Psychiatry,Universitè de Montréal CHUM hotel-Dieu 3850 St-Urbain Montreal, QC H2W 1T8 francoise.lesperance@umontreal.ca |
Marie-France Lamarche Chronic Disease Prevention Division Health Canada First Nations & Inuit Health Branch AL1902A, Room 2013A Jenace Mance Building, Tunney's Pasture Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 marie-france_lamarche@hc-sc.gc.ca |
Eric Loucks Harvard School of Public Health 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 eloucks@hsphharvard.edu |
Roger McIntyre Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit Toronto Western Hospital 399 Bathurst St MP 9-32b Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Roger.McIntyre@uhn.on.ca |
Diana McMillan Faculty of Nursing University of Manitoba Helen Glass Centre 89 Curry Place Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 diana_mcmillan@umanitoba.ca |
Jose Mejia Department of Psychiatry University of Western 339 Windermere Road Room 10-oF-20 London, ON N6A 5A5 jmejia4@uwo.ca |
Cheryl Moyer Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative Canadian Cancer Society 10 Alcom Avenue Suite 200 Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 cmoyer@cancer.ca |
Bill Mussell Native Mental Health Association of Canada P.O. Box 242 Chiliwack, BC V2P 6J1 nmha@telus.net |
Louise Nadeau Department of Psychology Universitè de Montreal 12 ST-Cyril Outremont, QC H2V 1H8 louise.nadeau.2@montreal.ca |
Juan Carlos Negrete Department of Psychiatry McGill University 1604 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H3G 1B4 juan.negrete@mcgill.ca |
Roberta Palmour McGill University 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H3A 1A1 roberta.palmour@mcgill.ca |
Scott Patten Department of Community Health Services University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Dr. NW Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 patten@ucalgary.ca |
Rick Riopelle Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute 3801 University Street Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 richard.riopelle@mcgill.ca |
Ken Ross Department of Health and Wellness Province of New Brunswick Carleton Place P.O. Box 5100 Fredericton, NB E3B 5G8 ken.ross@gnb.ca |
Norbert Schmitz Department of Psychiatry Douglas Hospital Research Centre McGill University 6875 LaSalle Blvd Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 norbert.schmitz@douglas.mcgill.ca |
Peter Selby Centre for Addiction and Mental Health 33 Russell St. Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 peter_selby@camh.net |
Wayne Skinner Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto 33 Russell St. Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Wayne_Skinner@camh.net |
Mary Lou Smith Department of Psychology University of Toronto 3359 Mississauga Rd Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 smithml@psych.utoronto.ca |
Patrick Smith Provincial Health Services Authority of BC Suite 201 601 West Broadway Vancouver, BC V5Z 4C2 psmith2@bcmhs.bc.ca |
Marina Sokolenko Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University Mood Disorders 3rd Floor 5909 Veteran's Memorial Lane Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 marina.sokolenko@cdha.nshealth.ca |
Martin Steinbach Eye Research Institute University of Toronto 6MP-302 399 Bathurst Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 mjs@yorku.ca |
Paula Stewart Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Public Health Agency of Canada 120 Colonnade Road Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 paula_stewart@hc-sc.gc.ca |
Susan Strong Centre for Mountain Health Services St. Joseph's Healthcare Schizophrenia Service P.O. Box 585 Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 strongs@mcmaster.ca |
Valerie Taylor Psychiatry-Mood Disorders McMaster University 100 West 5th, Box 585 Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 vhtaylor@hotmail.com |
Phil Upshall Mood Disorders Society of Canada 3-304 Stone Road West, Suite 736 Guelph, ON N1G 4W4 mooddisorderscanada@rogers.com |
Louis Van Zyl Department of Psychiatry Queen's University Kingston General Hospital Connell-4, Suite 20486 Stuart Street Kingston, ON K7L 2V7 VANZYL@post.queensu.ca |
John Weekes Canadian Centre for Substance Abuse 75 Albert Street, Suite 300 Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 jweekes@ccsa.ca |
Samuel Wiebe Department of Clinical Neuroscience Foothills Medical Centre University of Calgary 1403-29th St.W Calgary, AB T2N 2T9 swiebe@ucalgary.ca |
Michael Wolfson Statistics Canada R.H. Coats Building 26th Floor 'K' Tunney's Pasture Ottawa, ON K1A 0T6 wolfson@statcan.ca |
Asimina Xidous Canadian Institutes of Health Research 160 Elgin St, PL 4809A Ottawa, ON K1A 0W9 AXidous@cihr-irsc.gc.ca |