Test Method for Utility Lighters
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(346K)
Product Safety Bureau Reference Manual
Book 5 - Laboratory Policies and Procedures |
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Part B: Test Methods Section, Method F-23 |
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1 Scope
1.1 This method describes procedures for
testing utility lighters which use a gaseous fuel and are used for
lighting fire places, barbeques, candles and gas stoves, etc. but
not for cigarettes, cigars or pipes.
1.2 This method covers disposable and refillable utility lighters.
1.3 This method is based on Hazardous Products (Lighters) Regulations.
While most tests are same as in the Lighters Regulations, the Inversion
Test and Extended Operations Test procedures have been somewhat
varied because of the end-use of utility lighters.
1.4 Utility lighters generally have an on/off switch. This switch
is not considered a child resistance mechanism. A child resistance
mechanism should function as defined in the lighters regulations.
2 Applicable Documents
2.1 Hazardous Products (Lighters) Regulations
(see Appendix 3).
2.2 Reference Manual Book 5, Part B, Method F-19: Test Method
for Lighters.
2.3 Product Safety Reference Manual, Book 4 : Flammable Products.
2.4 Product Safety Laboratory Project Report # 2001-0629, Revision
of Method F-23.
3 Definitions
3.1 Abnormal Burning Characteristics: See
section 9 of the Lighters Regulations.
3.2 For other definitions, see section
2 (Interpretation) of the Lighters Regulations.
3.3 Afterburn: presence of a flame above the fuel orifice of
a lighter after the normal action to extinguish the flame has been
taken (see paragraph 8(f) of the Lighters Regulations).
 4 Apparatus
4.1 Flame Height and Inversion Tests
4.1.1 A test box of a suitable size that is equipped with a
steel ruler having 1 mm divisions, vertically mounted on the rear
wall of the box. A second ruler mounted at 45° or a scale drawn
at 45° on the rear wall of the box with 10 mm divisions orsmaller.
(The box provides for protection against air drafts which could
affect flame-height measurements.)
4.1.2 A set of wooden or aluminum blocks may or may not be required,
depending on the size of the lighter being tested, to serve as mounts
to ensure that the lighter being tested is at the correct height
relative to the zero division of the ruler. Alternatively, the ruler
may be mounted such that it can be adjusted upwards or downwards
to accommodate the height of the lighter.
4.1.3 A stopwatch capable of emitting a beep signal at 5 second
intervals.
4.1.4 Stopwatch ( ±0.2 seconds), connected to a foot
switch.
4.2 Drop Test
4.2.1 A freezer that is capable of maintaining a temperature
of -10±2°C.
4.2.2 A concrete slab with a minimum mass of 55 kg and dimensions
of at least 60 cm x 60 cm x 6 cm. See Appendix 2 for further specifications.
The concrete slab should be enclosed to contain flying debris; this
can be accomplished by surrounding it with a barrier which is at
least 30 cm high.
4.2.3 An analytical balance.
4.2.4 Either a stopwatch (±0.2 second), or a computer
linked to the balance. The computer should have software capable
of registering the mass at least once per second while tracking
the times when the mass registers within 0.1 second.
4.3 Temperature Test
4.3.1 An explosion-resistant, air-circulating oven that is capable
of maintaining a temperature of 54±2°C.
4.4 Extended Operation Test
4.4.1 Stand and fixtures (e. g. clamps).
4.4.2 Safety shield.
4.4.3 A stopwatch (± 1 second).
4.5 Pressure Test
4.5.1 A bench-top drill and a 3.06 mm (1/8") drill bit.
4.5.2 A device that is capable of producing an internal gauge
pressure of 2 MPa (Figure 1) equipped with a manometer capable of
measuring the pressure to the nearest kPa.
4.5.3 A cylinder of nitrogen gas.
4.5.4 An unbreakable container (metal or plastic) of approximately
4 L capacity.
4.5.5 A stopwatch (± 1 second).
5 Test Procedures
5.1 General
5.1.1 Record product characteristics such as adjustable or nonadjustable,
disposable or refillable, child resistance, lot number etc. Record
any inscriptions/identity marks/writings on the body of the lighter.
5.1.2 Verify and record that all the lighters in the sample
have the same lot number. If there is no identifiable lot number
then the sample is treated as one lot.
5.1.3 Number each lighter in the sample (50 lighters). In the
case of disposable lighters, make note of any lighter that is empty.
Replace empty lighters with filled ones if any spares are available
(i.e. if more lighters than the number required in section
9 were received).
5.1.4 Remove a label from one of the lighters and attach it
to the record sheet. If the lighter is adjustable, record whether
the product complies with section 5
of the Lighters Regulations. If the lighter is refillable, record
whether the product was accompanied by refuelling instructions.
If so, retain one of the instruction sheets for the records.
5.1.5 Follow the procedures in sections
1 to 4 of the Schedule to the Lighters Regulations as applicable
to gas lighters only, i.e. ignore reference to sections
11 and 12.
5.1.6 Any lighter that, during testing, is perceived to present
a hazard to the analyst shall be immediately withdrawn from testing.
Record having done so and the reason why.
5.1.7 If a lighter runs out of fuel during testing, it will
be re-fuelled if it is a refillable type except after the Temperature
Test.
5.1.8 As a safety measure, if the lighter fails to light after
4-5 attempts, it will be carefully dismantled to see if the tubing
connections to the fuel reservoir are intact. If the gas tube is
dislodged, the lighter will be pulled from testing because such
a lighter is considered hazardous for the analyst to test. Record
this information.
5.1.9 Record any incident of fuel leakage and, if possible,
indicate the location of the leak.
5.2 Child Resistance (CR) Mechanism Test
5.2.1 Without unlocking the CR mechanism, attempt to light each
lighter at least three times and make note of the lighters that
light. Lighters that have only an on-off switch are not subjected
to this test.
5.3 Flame Height Tests
5.3.1 Stand the lighter vertically on the mount in the test
box, ensuring that the end of the barrel is aligned with the zero
on the vertical ruler.
5.3.2 Test the lighters according to the procedures of section
5 (a), (b), (e) and (f) of the Schedule to the Lighters Regulations
and record:
- all flame heights
- flame height ranges (fluctuations) for lighters that show
sudden increase in flame height
- duration of afterburn
- any abnormal burning characteristics
- any occurrence of the CR mechanism not resetting automatically
after a test
5.3.3 The five-second beep interval of
the stopwatch is used to time the flame height measurements.
5.3.4 Use the stopwatch connected to the foot switch to measure
any afterburn that occurs.
5.4 Inversion Test
5.4.1 The Inversion Test on each lighter is conducted immediately
after its flame height tests. If the lighter is adjustable, set
the flame height to maximum, light the lighter and adjust the flame
height to 50 mm. If, during this flame height adjustment step, the
flame height at maximum is significantly different from the one
recorded in 5.3, record it. The same
applies for any other abnormal burning characteristics. Hold the
lighter with its barrel rotated downward at 45° below the horizontal
and light it. Let the lighter burn for 10 s and then record:
- flame fluctuation ranges for lighters that show sudden increase
in flame lengths
- duration of afterburn
- any abnormal burning characteristics
- any occurrence of the CR mechanism not resetting automatically
after the test (during the whole test, the lighter is kept in
the inverted orientation).
5.5 Drop Test
5.5.1 Test the lighters according to section
8 of the Schedule to the Lighters Regulations. The three drops
are, in order: (i) Vertical drop with the barrel pointing upwards;
(ii) Vertical drop with the barrel pointing downwards, (inverted
drop) and (iii) Horizontal drop.
5.5.2 If the concrete slab has a border around its top surface,
drop the lighters on the middle area of the slab only.
5.5.3 After each of the first two drops, check, by listening
(the hissing sound) or feeling (cooling effect due to evaporation
of fuel) if the lighter is leaking. If a leak is detected, place
the lighter on an analytical balance and record the mass loss in
milligrams over a period of one minute. After the third drop, even
if no leak is apparent, place the lighter on the balance for a minimum
of 10 seconds. If a leak is detected, measure the mass loss in milligrams
over a period of one minute.
5.5.4 If a lighter loses the major part of its fuel on impact,
an attempt to measure the rate of fuel loss can still be made as
above. However, if this results in a rate of fuel loss of less than
15 mg/min, it should be recorded and reported that the lighter lost
all fuel on impact. In the case where the raw data from the balance
is collected by a computer, it is also possible to evaluate the
rate of fuel loss from the first five seconds (for example) that
the lighter was on the balance.
5.6 Temperature Test
5.6.1 Test the lighters according to section
9 of the Schedule to the Lighters
Regulations.
5.6.2 The fuel status in the lighter is examined by any means,
i.e. looking through the lighter casing or, if the casing is opaque,
by activating the fuel-release lever and listening to the hissing
sound due to escaping fuel or by attempting to light the lighter.
As a last resort, in the case of an opaque casing, a hole can be
drilled in the fuel reservoir while listening for gas escaping.
5.7 Extended Operation Test
5.7.1 Perform the test according to the procedures in section
7 of the Schedule to the Lighters Regulations except that the
lighter is tested while being held with its barrel rotated downward
at 45° below the horizontal.
5.7.2 Set up a lighter behind a safety shield, unlock the CR
mechanism, depress the gas release lever, light the lighter and
let it burn for two minutes. Record any of the burning characteristics
given in section 16 of the Lighters
Regulations and if the burning occurs at places other than at the
end of the lighter barrel.
5.8 Pressure Test
5.8.1 Perform the test according to the procedures of section
10 of the Schedule to the Lighters Regulations except that the
test will be done on the fuel reservoirs taken out of the lighters.
5.8.2 Empty the lighters of the fuel in a fume hood by unlocking
the CR mechanism and taping down the fuel release lever.
5.8.3 Take out the fuel reservoirs by dismantling the lighters
and identify the fuel reservoir with the same number as on the lighter.
Drill a hole in the broad side of the fuel reservoir while avoiding
any partition.
5.8.4 Install a fuel reservoir into the pressure test device
(see Figure 1) and immerse the assembly
under water in the unbreakable container. Note: it is important
to minimize the length and diameter of the tubing attached to the
lighter in order to reduce as much as possible the bias on the results
this tubing will introduce.
5.8.5 Pressurize the lighter with nitrogen at a rate not exceeding
150 kPa/s to a pressure of 1500 kPa and shut off the gas supply.
(If at any time, i.e. during or after pressurizing, a leak is observed
around the drill-hole, depressurize the assembly, tighten the clamp
device a little more and try to re-pressurize).
5.8.6 Record the internal pressure of the lighter after one
minute and make note of the location of leakage. Note: if it is
suspected that a major structural failure (i.e. the lighter breaks
apart) occurred due to the lighter being drilled, or from the clamping
pressure, the results are not valid. A replacement lighter must
then be tested.
6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures
6.1 Flame height measurements must be conducted
in a draft free area (see F-00) under subdued lighting conditions.
6.2 Conditioning and testing are to be done at 23±2°C.
7 Test Report
7.1 The test report should contain the
following information (see Appendix
1 for a model test report):
7.1.1 Description of the lighters (either in the body of the
report or in the header).
7.1.2 A scanned image of the label(s), and instructions for
refuelling the lighter (in the case of refillable lighters).
7.1.3 For each lighter, report the test results that do not
meet the requirements (as per the H.P. (Lighters) Regulations) for
the following tests:
7.1.4 CR Mechanism Test;
7.1.5 Flame Height Tests;
7.1.6 Inversion Tests;
7.1.7 Drop Test (also report the orientation in which the lighter
was dropped);
7.1.8 Temperature Test;
7.1.9 Pressure Test;
7.1.10 Extended Operation Test, including burning that occurs
in a place other than the end of the lighter barrel.
7.2 Also report:
7.2.1 Dislodging of gas tube from its fuel reservoir or any
other damage to the tube;
7.2.2 Any incident of fuel leakage during testing and indicate
the location of the leak, if possible; and
7.2.3 The removal of any other lighter from testing and the
reason for its removal.
8 Precision and Bias
A statement on precision cannot be made due to
the destructive nature of the tests. A statement on bias cannot
be made because the true values of the measured parameters are not
known.
9 Sampling
A typical sample consists of 50 sample elements. However, a sample
can still be tested if the number of lighters received is less than
50. All sample elements are taken from the same lot.
Enlarge
image
Figure 1: Pressure Test Device
APPENDIX 1
Standard Report Format - Utility Lighters
Method Used: F23
Inscription(s) on product: none
Label(s)on product: (not to scale)
(Scan of packaging on last page)
Initial Tests
CR Mechanism Test
#15 lit without unlocking the CR mechanism.
#37 failed to reset itself after every use
Flame Height and Inversion Tests
The following table lists only those lighters that
exhibited some type of defects.
Lighter
# |
Flame Height (mm) |
Inversion |
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1) The trigger stuck in
the open position and the lighter continued to burn.
The trigger had to be forced out to shut off the lighter.
(2) Would not light at maximum setting
- had to be lit at minimum setting and then increased to maximum.
(3) Fuel release stuck in open position
- testing discontinued.
(4) Leaked fuel at valve unit of fuel reservoir,
then stopped, while setting to minimum.
(5) Leaked fuel at valve unit of fuel reservoir
while setting to maximum - testing discontinued.
(6) Leaked fuel at valve unit of fuel reservoir
while setting to minimum - testing discontinued.
Drop Test
Lighters numbered from 1 to 25 (excluding #11) were
subjected to the Drop Test. No fuel loss defects were observed.
In these utility lighters there is a plastic tube
that carries fuel from the nozzle of the fuel reservoir to the nozzle
at the end of the barrel. The tube in some lighters can become disconnected
from the nozzle at the reservoir end thus causing the fuel to be
released into the body of the lighter rather than out the end of
the barrel. This problem is usually discovered during the Flame
Height Tests which follow the Drop Test. The tube was disconnected
in the following 15 lighters:
2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23
and 25
In addition, the tube in lighter #1 became disconnected
during flame height testing.
CR Mechanism Test
The requirements were met.
Flame Height and Inversion Tests (after the Drop
Test)
The following table lists only those lighters that
exhibited some type of defects.
| Lighter # |
Flame Height (mm) |
Inversion |
Maximum |
Abnormal Burning |
Minimum |
Abnormal Burning |
flame Height (mm) |
Abnormal Burning |
4 |
140-170 |
10.0 s afterburn |
30 |
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1.3 s afterburn |
7 |
120-230 |
3.7 s afterburn |
20 |
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1.3 s afterburn |
9 |
(7) |
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14 |
130->267* |
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20 |
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* 267 mm is the top of the test box.
(7) Leaked fuel at valve
unit of fuel reservoir while setting to maximum - testing discontinued.
Temperature Test
Lighters numbered from 26 to 50 (except #32, #38
and #48) were subjected to the Temperature Test. Lighter #31 was
completely exhausted of fuel.
CR Mechanism Test
The requirements were met.
Flame Height and Inversion Tests (after the Temperature
Test)
The following table lists only those lighters that exhibited some
type of defects.
Lighter
# |
Flame Height (mm) |
Inversion |
| Maximum |
Abnormal Burning |
Minimum |
Abnormal Burning |
flame Height (mm) |
Abnormal Burning |
| 26 |
160-210> |
2.4 s afterburn |
35 |
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28 |
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6.7 s afterburn |
40 |
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1.4 s afterburn |
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3.2 s afterburn |
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* 267 mm is the top of the test box.
(8) Leaked fuel at valve unit of fuel
reservoir while setting to maximum - testing discontinued.
(9) Leaking fuel after test - testing discontinued.
Extended Operation Test
Eleven lighters were subjected to the Extended Operation Test.
The following defects were observed:
# 7 ignition took place half way up the barrel along the seam
- testing discontinued
#40 ignition of component parts
#50 ignition of component part
Pressure Test
Sixteen lighters were subjected to the Pressure Test. The following
lighters exhibited drops in internal pressure in excess of 250 kPa/min:
# 5 278 kPa/min
#27 974 kPa/min
APPENDIX 2
Specifications for concrete used in drop test
Note: The following directions mention dimensions for the
frame into which the concrete mixture is poured. These dimensions
are only one of many possibilities. The only restrictions on the
dimensions of the final product are: minimum width and length of
60 cm, a minimum thickness of 6 cm and a minimum mass of 55 kg. The final product should have a middle area having a uniform
texture measuring at least 60 cm x 60 cm, so care should be taken
not to make the outside edge too wide (steps C-5 and C-8, below).
The texture should not be too smooth, approximating that of a common
sidewalk.
Glossary Of Terms
Segregation- The separation of coarse aggregates from the mortar
or the water from the ingredients.
Straight Edge- A 2" x 4" wood or similar shaped object
with a straight side used to level/flatten the excess concrete from
the surface after placement.
Concrete Mixture Data
Components
Approximate quantities for producing
1 cubic metre of fresh concrete
Aggregate Size - 20 mm - 1178 kg
Washed Concrete Sand - 830 kg
Portland Cement - Type 10 - 300 kg
Potable Water - 116 kg
Strength & Mixture
30 Mpa (Mega Pascals)
6-8% Air Entrainment
75 mm Slump
Construction of Concrete Slabs
A. Tools & Materials
Tools: Hammer, Hand Saw, Square, Pencil,
Shovel, 12" Steel Rod, Concrete Vibrator (if available)
Materials: Half Sheet 3⁄4" Plywood,
12' 2" x 4" Stock, 3" & 2" Common
Nails (12 each)
B. Form Preparation
- Using a three-quarter inch thick sheet of plywood, cut a rectangle
having dimensions 28" * 28" (71 cm x 71 cm).
- Using 2" x 4" lumber, create a rectangular frame
having outside dimensions 28" * 28" with the lumber
standing on its narrowest side. Corners should be fastened into
one another using 3" common nails.
- With the 2" x 4" frame complete, place it over
the plywood cut-out. Align the two units with each other then
flip the entire box frame over and place it onto a flat hard surface.
Fasten the plywood to the 2" x 4" frame using 2" common nails.
- Once the box frame is secured flip the unit over and place
it on a level flat surface.
C. Concrete Placement
- Place concrete mixture (as per specifications) into box frame
using a shovel or similar handling device. Care should be taken
to avoid segregation of the mixture when placing into the form.
- Once the box frame has been filled, consolidate the concrete
into the corners and edges using a steel rod or concrete vibrator.
- Place a straight edge (2" x 4" or equivalent) over
the box frame resting over two opposite sides. Starting from one
side work the straight edge over the concrete keeping it flat
on the box frame edges.
- Once the excess concrete has been stricken off the surface
use a wooden float to further consolidate any openings on the
surface. The wooden float should be worked back across the surface
area in a flat circular motion.
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Use a concrete edging tool to create a smooth outside surface
along the perimeter of the form. Once complete allow concrete
to set until surface has stiffened. Note: Time required will vary
depending on air temperature. Higher temperatures increase setting
time. Concrete should be checked every 20 minutes for workability.
- Using an aluminum magnesium trowel, work the concrete surface
in both directions to fill any small air pockets/voids until the
surface is smooth.
- With a smooth bristle broom create an even line pattern across
the slab by pulling the broom in a backward direction.
- Complete concrete finish by repeating step
# 5.
- After allowing to set for a 48 hour
period, gently remove form work by extracting the nails.
APPENDIX 3
Hazardous Products (Lighters) Regulations1
SOR/89-514
P.C. 1989-2151 26 October, 1989
Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation
of the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, pursuant to section
5* of the Hazardous Products Act, is pleased hereby to revoke the
Hazardous Products
(Lighters) Regulations, made by Order in Council P.C. 1979-3095
of November 15, 1979**, and to make the annexed Regulations respecting
the advertising, sale and importation of hazardous products (lighters),
in substitution
therefor.
* R.S., c. 24 (3rd Supp.), s. 1
** SOR/79-843, 1979 Canada Gazette Part II, p. 4318 REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE ADVERTISING, SALE AND IMPORTATION OF
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS (LIGHTERS)
Short Title
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Hazardous Products
(Lighters) Regulations.
Interpretation
2. In these Regulations,
- "gas lighter" means a product utilizing as fuel liquefied
hydrocarbons, such as n-butane and isobutane, with a vapour pressure
at 24°C that exceeds a gauge pressure of 100 kPa; (briquet
à gaz)
- "luxury lighter" means a product that is designed
to be refilled with fuel and that has, where the product is manufactured
in Canada, a value of greater than $2.50 on sale by the manufacturer
and, where the product is imported into Canada, a value for duty
of greater than $2.50 as determined in accordance with section
46 of the Customs Act; (briquet de luxe)
- "product" means a lighter included in item 34 of Part
II of Schedule I to the Hazardous Products Act; (produit)
- "production lot" means a group of substantially identical
products manufactured by the same manufacturer under substantially
identical conditions; (lot de production)
- "shield" means a structure that totally or partially
surrounds the fuel orifice of a product and projects beyond it;
(écran de protection)
- "spitting" means an escape of liquid fuel that produces
a shower of burning droplets which separate from the main flame;
(crachotement)
- "successful operation" means the emission of an audible
or visual signal, when a surrogate lighter is being tested; (actionner)
- "surrogate lighter" means a device used for testing
purposes that
- approximates the appearance, size and weight of the product
that it represents,
- is, within reasonable manufacturing tolerances, identical
to the product that it represents in all factors that affect
child-resistance, including the operation and force or forces
required for operation,
- has no fuel, and
- produces a clearly discernible audible or visual signal
instead of a flame. (briquet de substitution)
- "wick lighter" means a product utilizing as fuel liquid
hydrocarbons, such as hexane, with a vapour pressure at 24°C
that does not exceed a gauge pressure of 34 kPa. (briquet à essence)
SOR/91-261, s. 1; SOR/95-252, s. 1.
General
3. A product may be advertised, sold or imported if the
product meets the requirements of these Regulations.
Luxury Lighter Records
3.1 Any person who manufactures or imports a luxury lighter
shall, for a period of six years beginning on the date of sale by
the manufacturer or the date of importation, as the case may be,
maintain records that identify the luxury lighter and that show
- in the case of a luxury lighter manufactured in Canada, the
value on sale by the manufacturer; and
- in the case of an imported luxury lighter, the value for duty
as determined in accordance with section 46 of the Customs Act.
SOR/95-252, s. 2.
Compliance Certificate
3.2 The manufacturer and the importer of a product other
than a luxury lighter shall
- possess a certificate that states in English or French that
the surrogate lighter of the product has been tested and complies
with the requirements set out in subsection
7.1(2) for child-resistance and
- the name and address of the person who issued the certificate;
- the name and address of the manufacturer of the product,
and
- the name and model of the product;
- keep a copy of the certificate for three years beginning on
the date of manufacture or importation of the product, as the
case may be; and
- within 15 days after a request by an inspector, make available
in English or French the test data on which the statement referred
to in paragraph (a) is based, including the information set out
in 1210.4(g)(1) to (10) of Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(United States), as amended from time to time, and the name and
model of the product to which the test data relates. SOR/95-252,
s. 2.
PART I
LABELLING REQUIREMENTS
4. (1) Every product shall have permanently marked on it,
in such a manner that the mark shall remain clear and visible throughout
the useful life of the product,
- the name of the manufacturer, in roman characters; or
- a trade mark registered in Canada or for which an application
for registration in Canada is pending.
(2) Where more than one production lot
is offered for sale, every product shall have marked on it, in a
clear and visible manner, a means of identifying the production
lot of which that product forms a part.
(3) Subject to subsection
(4), every product shall have marked on it, in a clear and visible
manner,
- where the product is manufactured in Canada, the principal
place of business of the manufacturer or the name and principal
place of business of the distributor;
- where the product is not manufactured in Canada, the name
and principal place of business of the importer or distributor
in Canada; and
- the warning: "KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN/TENIR HORS
DE LA PORTÉE DES ENFANTS" or any other warning that
conveys the same meaning.
(4) The information required under subsection
(3) may be marked
- on the package, where the product is enclosed in a sealed
package; or
- on the package or on the instructions within the package,
where the product is individually enclosed in an unsealed package.
SOR/95-252, s. 3.
5. Every product that has a device to
adjust the flame height shall have permanently marked on it, in
such a manner that the mark shall remain clear and visible throughout
the useful life of the product, an easily understood
symbol indicating the direction in which force is to be applied
to increase and decrease the flame height.
6. Every product that is designed to be refuelled shall
be accompanied by instructions that clearly set out, in English
and in French, the safe method of refuelling the product, including
- information as to the type of fuel to be used to refill the
product and a warning to use only that type of fuel;
- a warning to keep lighters and fuels therefor out of the reach
of children;
- in the case of a gas lighter, a warning to ensure proper mating
between the refill container and the fuel reservoir of the lighter;
and
- in the case of a wick lighter, a warning to fill the lighter
slowly, to avoid overfilling and to wipe dry the lighter and the
hands of the user before activating the light
PART II
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Application of Force
7. (1) Every luxury lighter shall be designed in such a
manner as to require at least one of the following manual operations
by a person using it in order to produce a flame:
- a deliberate action to produce and maintain a flame;
- two separate and distinct actions to achieve ignition; and
- the application of a force equal to or greater than 15 N
to produce a flame.
(2) Every product that has a device to
adjust the flame height shall be designed in such a manner as to
require the deliberate application of a reasonable force by a person
using the product in order to adjust the flame height. SOR/95-252,
s. 4.
Child-resistance Requirements
7.1 (1) All products, other than luxury lighters, shall
be child-resistant.
(2) For the purposes
of subsection (1), a product is child- resistant where its surrogate
lighter has been tested in accordance with the test protocol described
in section 1210.4, without regard to sections 1210.4(a)(3) and (b)(1),
of Title 16 of the Code of Federal Regulations (United States),
as amended from time to time, and has been resistant to successful
operation by at least 85 per cent of the children participating
in the test. SOR/95-252, s. 5.
7.2 The mechanism or system that makes a product child-resistant
shall
- require that the user perform at least two separate and distinct
actions to achieve ignition;
- reset itself automatically after each operation of the ignition
mechanism of the product;
- where the product is a gas lighter, continue to function effectively
after each test set out in sections 5 to 9 of the schedule; and
- where the product is a wick lighter, continue to function effectively
after each test set out in sections 11 and 12 of the schedule.
SOR/95-252, s. 5.
Flame Height of Gas Lighters
8. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in sections 5 and 6 of
the schedule and
- section 8 of the schedule,
followed by the procedures described in sections
5 and 6 thereof, or
- section 9 of the schedule,
followed by the procedures described in sections
5 and 6 thereof, shall
- where the lighter has neither a shield nor a device to adjust
the flame height, have a vertical flame height not exceeding 50
mm,
- where the lighter has a shield but no device to adjust the
flame height, have a vertical flame height not exceeding 100 mm,
- where the lighter has a device to adjust the flame height, have
a vertical flame height not exceeding
- 150 mm, where the device is adjusted to produce maximum
flame height, and
- 50 mm, where the device is adjusted to produce minimum
flame height, and
- not exhibit a flame above the fuel orifice for more than two
seconds after the normal action to extinguish the flame has been
taken.
Abnormal Burning of Gas Lighters
9. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with at least
one of the procedures described in sections
5, 6 and 8 to 10 of the schedule,
shall not exhibit
- a sudden increase in flame height of 50 mm or more;
- a vertical flame height in excess of the maximum values prescribed
by section 8;
- an explosion;
- combustion at any place other than at the fuel orifice of the
product or in the main flame;
- spitting; or
- any other abnormal or unsafe burning characteristics.
Abnormal Burning of Wick Lighters
10. A wick lighter, when tested in accordance with the
procedures described in section 11
of the schedule and with the procedures described in section
12 thereof followed by those described in section
11 thereof, shall not exhibit
- a sudden increase in flame height of 50 mm or more;
- an explosion;
- combustion at any place other than at the wick; or
- any other abnormal or unsafe burning characteristics.
Structural Integrity of Gas Lighters
11. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 8 or 9 of the
schedule, shall not exhibit damage that would make the operation
of the lighter unsafe.
12. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 8 of the schedule,
shall not exhibit an escape of fuel exceeding 15 mg per minute.
13. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 9 of the schedule,
shall not exhibit leakage that results in total exhaustion of fuel
after the cooling period described in paragraph
9(2)(c) of the schedule.
14. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 10 of the
schedule, shall not exhibit a drop in internal pressure of more
than 250 kPa per minute.
Structural Integrity of Wick Lighters
15. A wick lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 12 of the
schedule, shall not exhibit rupture of its fuel reservoir or any
other damage that would affect its safe operation.
Extended Operation of Gas Lighters
16. A gas lighter, when tested in accordance with the procedures
described in section 7 of the schedule,
shall not exhibit, during a continuous burning time of two minutes,
- ignition of the component parts;
- expulsion of the valve mechanism; or
- rupture of the fuel reservoir, with or without flame.
SCHEDULE
(ss. 8 to 16)
TEST PROCEDURES FOR LIGHTERS
General
1. Where a product is not fuelled at the point of sale,
it shall be fuelled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
using the fuel recommended by the manufacturer prior to testing
in accordance with sections 5 to
9 and 11
and 12.
2. (1) The product shall be maintained at a temperature
of 23 ± 2°C for at least 10 hours immediately preceding
testing in accordance with sections
5 to 7 and 9
to 12.
(2) The area in which tests are conducted
shall be maintained at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C during
testing.
3. (1) Flame height measurements shall be taken
- inside a draft-free chamber constructed from a suitable non-flammable
material; and
- with the product positioned to produce a vertically upward
flame.
(2) The flame height shall be measured
to the nearest 5 mm.
(3) All flame tests shall be conducted
in subdued lighting conditions.
4. Any damage sustained by a product or any abnormal or
unsafe functioning of the product during a test shall be recorded.
Gas Lighters
Flame Tests
Flame Height Test
5. The procedures to be used to measure the flame height
of a gas lighter are as follows:
- where the lighter is equipped with a device to adjust the flame
height, test the lighter first with the device adjusted to produce
maximum flame height and secondly with the device adjusted to
produce minimum flame height;
- activate the lighter to produce a flame for a continuous five-second
period;
- where the lighter has no shield, measure and record the maximum
linear distance observed between the tip of the visible flame
and the top of the fuel orifice;
- where the lighter has a shield, measure and record the maximum
linear distance observed between the tip of the visible flame
and the top of the shield or, where the shield is retractable,
the top of the shield in its fully withdrawn position;
- take the normal action to extinguish the flame; and
- measure and record the duration of any burning that occurs
immediately after the normal action to extinguish the flame has
been taken.
Inversion Test
6. The procedures to be used in conducting an inversion
test of a gas lighter are as follows:
- where the lighter is equipped with a device to adjust the flame
height, adjust the device to produce a vertically upward flame
with a flame height of 50 mm;
- activate the lighter;
- turn the lighter to an inverted hand-held position 45°
below the horizontal for a continuous 10-second period after which
return the lighter to the original vertical position;
- take the normal action to extinguish the flame; and
- measure and record the duration of any
burning that occurs immediately after the normal action to extinguish
the flame has been taken.
Extended Operation Test
7. The procedures to be used in conducting a gas lighter
extended operation test are as follows:
- where the lighter is equipped with a device to adjust the flame
height, adjust the device to produce a flame height of 50 mm;
- activate the lighter to produce a vertical flame for a continuous
two-minute period after which take the normal action to extinguish
the flame; and
- observe and record any ignition of the component parts of the
lighter, expulsion of the valve mechanism or rupture of the fuel
reservoir, with or without flame.
Structural Integrity Tests
Drop Test
8. (1) The test apparatus required for a gas lighter drop
test is a horizontal concrete slab with a minimum mass of 55 kg
and dimensions of at least 60 cm x 60 cm x 6 cm.
(2) The procedures to be used in conducting
a gas lighter drop test are as follows:
- where the lighter is equipped with a device to adjust the flame
height, adjust the device to produce a flame height of 50 mm;
- maintain the lighter at a temperature of -10 ± 2°C
for a period of at least 10 hours after which maintain the lighter
at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C for a period of at least
10 hours;
- immediately after the procedure described in paragraph (b),
cause the lighter to fall three times from a height of 1.5 m onto
the concrete slab
- first, from an upright vertical position,
- secondly, from an inverted vertical position, and
- thirdly, from a horizontal position;
- inspect the lighter immediately after each fall for escape
of fuel and record any damage; and
- measure and record any escape of fuel
to the nearest milligram per minute.
Temperature Test
9. (1) The test apparatus required for a gas lighter temperature
test is an oven, preferably explosion-resistant, capable of maintaining
a temperature of 54 ± 2°C.
(2) The procedures to be used in conducting
a gas lighter temperature test are as follows:
- where the lighter is equipped with a device to adjust the
flame height, adjust the device to produce a flame height of
50 mm;
- place the lighter in the oven and maintain a temperature
in the oven of 54 ± 2°C for a period of four hours;
- remove the lighter from the oven and maintain the lighter at
a temperature of 23 ± 2°C for a period of at least
10 hours; and
- inspect the lighter and record any damage and any instance
of total loss of fuel.
Pressure Test
10. (1) The test apparatus required for a gas lighter pressure
test is a device capable of producing a gauge pressure of 2 MPa.
(2) The procedures to be used in conducting
a gas lighter pressure test are as follows:
- empty the fuel reservoir of the lighter;
- subject the fuel reservoir of the lighter to an internal
pressure of 1.5 MPa but do not permit the internal pressure
to rise at a rate which exceeds 150 kPa per second; and
- observe the lighter for 60 seconds
and record any drop in internal pressure.
Wick Lighters
Burn Test
11. The procedures to be used in conducting a wick lighter
burn test are as follows:
- position the lighter to produce a vertically upward flame;
- activate the lighter to produce a flame for a continuous 10-second
period after which take the normal action to extinguish the flame;
- reactivate the lighter and turn it to an inverted hand-held
position 45/ below the horizontal for a continuous 10-second period
after which turn the lighter to the original vertical position;
- take the normal action to extinguish the flame; and
- observe and record any abnormal or unsafe burning characteristics.
Drop Test
12. (1) The test apparatus required for a wick lighter
drop test is a horizontal concrete slab as described in subsection
8(1).
(2) The procedures to be used in conducting
a wick lighter drop test are as follows:
- cause the lighter to fall three times from a height of 1.5
m onto the concrete slab,
- first, from an upright vertical position,
- secondly, from an inverted vertical position, and
- thirdly, from a horizontal position; and
- inspect the lighter after each fall and record any damage.
1
This consolidation is prepared for convenience only. For all purposes
of interpreting and applying the law, users should consult the regulations,
as registered by the Clerk of the Privy Council and published in
Part II of the Canada Gazette.
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