Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial
Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS)
Summary
AMR is an important public health issue worldwide. It also presents
a serious economic challenge. It has been estimated that resistance at
least doubles the cost of treating a bacterial infection.
Antimicrobial resistance in human medicine is primarily associated with
the use of antimicrobials to treat human infections. There are several
risk factors which may lead to a resistance problem in humans, for example:
- Use in agri-food industries to treat specific diseases,
or to prevent illness and promote growth:
- Over-use and/or inappropriate use of antibiotics in human
medicine.
- Use of antibacterial cleaning products such as
community or household disinfectants or antiseptics and personal hygiene
products.
- Environmental contamination caused by the use of
cleaning and disinfection products as well as veterinary antimicrobial
drugs used in farm and veterinary practice.
- Weakened immune system may make it more difficult
to combat infections due to resistant bacteria.
International public health authorities are urging countries to implement
integrated AMR surveillance systems. These systems are needed to:
- implement sound public health interventions;
- enhance prudent use practices in human and veterinary medicine;
and
- support the development of international food safety standards
In 1997, Health Canada and the Canadian Infectious Disease Society convened
a national consensus conference: "Controlling
Antimicrobial Resistance: An Integrated Action Plan for Canadians." One
of the recommendations was to establish a national surveillance system
to monitor AMR in the agri-food and agriculture sectors and the impact
of resistance on human health.
In 2002, the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance
Surveillance (CIPARS) was initiated to monitor trends in antimicrobial
use and the development of resistance in selected bacterial organisms
from human, animal and food sources across Canada. The program was developed
to test the feasibility of a representative and methodologically unified
surveillance system. CIPARS provides antimicrobial resistance and use
monitoring data to assess the impact on human health. These data are
crucial for making decisions for the formulation of intervention strategies
to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
The 2002 CIPARS
Report  offers
the most current, valid and national data available on antimicrobial
resistance in the food chain. Future CIPARS surveillance data will
be more comprehensive, enabling in-depth analysis of trends and correlations
between antimicrobial use and resistance in livestock, food and human
populations. To better understand this complex issue, parallel targeted
studies are underway to clarify risk factors for the development and
spread of AMR.
FAQs
Coming soon
2002 Surveillance Report
Table of Contents
Abbreviations Used Throughout the Report |
Acknowledgements |
Executive Summary |
|
Section One - Introduction |
|
Section Two - Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
Human Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
Antimicrobial Resistance in the Agri-Food Sector |
|
Section Three - Antimicrobial Use |
|
Human Antimicrobial Use |
|
Section Four - Future Plans |
|
Appendix A - Additional Information |
|
A.1. |
Drugs of Human Health Importance |
|
A.2. |
Demographic Information |
|
A.3. |
Human Antimicrobial Resistance - Current Reporting Structure
for Enteric Disease |
|
A.4. |
Agri-Food Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
A.5. |
Antimicrobial Use - Animal |
|
A.6. |
Antimicrobial Use - Human |
|
Appendix B - Methods |
|
B.1. |
Human Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
B.2. |
Agri-Food Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
B.3. |
Human Antimicrobial Data Collection & Analysis |
|
Appendix C - References |
|
