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| Home : Publications |
PARENTING TODAY'S TEENS: A SURVEY AND REVIEW OF RESOURCESÉgalement offert en français sous le titre Repertoire de ressources a l'intention des parents d'adolescents For additional copies, please contact: Tel:(613) 954-5995 This publication can be made available in/on computer diskette/large print/audiocassette/braille upon request. Published by authority of the Minister of Health © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1999 Cat: H39-462/1999E ISBN: 0-662-27535-7 Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction I Teens and Their Parents II Finding and Choosing Resources for Parents of Teens III Identifying the Gaps IV Programs and Resources for Parents of Teens A) Parenting programs and courses B) Video resources C) Self-help resources for individuals, groups and communitie Where to Get More Information A) Organizations, articles, pamphlets B) Books for parents of teens C) Book and video distributors D) Internet resources Feedback Form AcknowledgementsThe Childhood and Youth Division, Health Canada thanks the Canadian Association of Family Resource Programs for its assistance in producing this document. Thanks also go to the many individuals who so generously shared their experience, knowledge and time in helping to identify and review the resources for parents of teens. The members of Family Service Canada, in particular, made a special contribution to this project. Finally, we would like to acknowledge all the parents who continue to provide their teens with love,guidance and support. IntroductionParents and teens face tremendous pressures in today's world. Families are asking: how can we strengthen the parent-teen relationship? They turn to parent educators, other professionals and community organizations for support, but information on currently available programs and materials is often difficult to find. This document will help professionals who work with parents of teens to identify and locate resources specifically designed to help families at this stage of parenting. It will also assist parents themselves when they look for an appropriate parenting course or if they wish to organize one in their community. Differing dynamicsParents who seek out extra support and resources when their children are teens could be divided into three groups, according to their needs: parents whose issues centre on the typical challenges of adolescence:
parents whose concerns include an added dimension because of some special situation:
parents who have acting-out teens:
A general and preventive focusThis booklet will list programs aimed primarily at the first group of parents — programs whose focus is preventive and general in nature. Several good general parenting programs, which could be useful to these parents, do not appear in the list starting on page 13. The list includes only resources with a section particularly directed to parents of teens. In practice, many parents become proactive and start looking for help when their children are just 10 or 11 years old. They've heard about the challenges of raising teenagers and want to be prepared! The principles on which these programs are based can usually be adapted to special situations. In this way, with slight modifications and the addition of more targeted material, they could also be used with parents in the second category mentioned on the previous page. Some organizations across the country have developed entire programs tailored specifically to the particular needs of certain groups; however, a listing of such programs is beyond the scope of this publication. The third category of parents, those who are encountering serious difficulties, may have waited until their teens are in crisis before coming for help. General and preventive programs do not adequately respond to the very different nature of their needs. This publication does not address the intervention strategies that are required in these cases; however, some self-help resources are listed. Teens and Their ParentsThe world is passing through troublesome times. The young people of today think of nothing but themselves. They have no reverence for parents or old age. They are impatient of all restraint:they talk as if they alone know everything. As Matthew Paris observed in the 13th century, most teens will challenge the authority structures in their immediate environment, especially parental authority. We can expect such behaviour since their primary developmental task is to become independent and to assume an adult role in society. For parents, the challenge becomes knowing how much or how little to let go as they guide their adolescent along that road. Finding a balanceThe adolescent's progress toward autonomy is uneven; parents frequently complain that their teens act like responsible adults one day and two-year-olds in a tantrum the next. This unpredictability makes it hard for parents to set reasonable limits that also recognize the need for adolescents to spread their wings and fly on their own. As a result, professionals often observe that many parents are either too lax or too rigid. On the one hand, there are those who provide too little structure. In these families, the parents' expectations are not clear and there are no consequences that allow teens to take responsibility for their own choices. On the other hand, some parents don't tolerate any challenge to their authority and refuse to let go of their parental control. Parents need to find another way, one that strikes a balance and provides opportunities for teens to learn the lessons of maturity within a safe framework. A scary environmentRisk taking is a normal part of learning to be independent.but in the process of developing their own wings, adolescents often take risks that frighten their parents. Although parents probably took a few risks themselves when they were younger, now the TV news paints a picture of a world that looks much scarier than the one they grew up in. They know their children may face situations that are potentially more dangerous, often with more serious long-term consequences, than they themselves had to handle. They read about the signs of teen distress — depression, eating disorders, violent behaviour, self-mutilation,drug and alcohol abuse — and feel the weight of responsibility for their children's health and safety.
Parents need to hear that, in fact, most teens are healthy, happy, living in nurturing environments and do not engage in excessive risk taking. They need reassurance that while their job of supporting and guiding a child through adolescence can be confusing and sometimes frightening, most teens cope admirably with the Pressures of adolescence. In Order to cope with changing times, today's young people need to have confidence, flexibility and resiliency, all qualities that parents can help them develop. But how to go about it? One learns how to parent from how one was parented;however, the model provided a generation ago may not supply the framework and skills parents need now to help their teens survive and succeed. Parents are looking for new tools. Parents under stressAs they struggle to help their teens, parents are experiencing tremendous stress themselves. Many are doing the job without a partner According to a recent survey in British Columbia, for instance, about 30% of teens have experienced the loss of the relationship between their biological parents through separation.divorce or death.1(1. The McCreary Centre Society(1993) Adolescent Health Survey; Province of British Columbia, Burnaby, BC. p.10.) Full-time employment leaves parents little time and energy to cope with challenging teen behaviour. Nearly three out of four women participate in the paid labour force by the time their children are teenagers.2 (2. Canadian Institute of Childhood Health (1994) The Health of Canada's Children, 2nd Edition, Ottawa, p.7.)The brief time that family members can spend together is reduced even more because most older teens who attend high school are also employed part time.3 (3. The McCreary Centre Society op cit.p.11.) Unemployment and economic insecurity also complicate family life. Many parents have trouble paying for the basic necessities of food and shelter. They feel pressure when they are asked to pay for the expensive clothing that advertisers promote heavily to teens who want to be part of a peer group. Beyond these immediate problems, parents worry about the future: how they will pay for their children's education and whether their children will get a job. For newcomers to Canada, stress and parent-child conflict is increased by the parents' desire to pass traditional family and cultural values on to their children. Teens in immigrant families are caught between two worlds, and the tension between those worlds often causes a great deal of family discord. Teens and parents alike may have a false impression of growing up in Canada, based on what they see in magazines, TV and movies. Some parents are living with acting-out or out-of-control teens.They may need information about the systems of justice, education, welfare and health. As they struggle with feelings of guilt, powerlessness and loss, they may require professional counselling to help them establish new boundaries within their families. In some communities, parents of acting-out teens can attend self-help or support groups. What parents needTo meet the challenges of adolescence with confidence, parents require clear information, practical strategies and support from those around them.
Finding and Choosing Resources for Parents of TeensSurveys and interviewsThe programs and resource materials listed in section IV are currently being used in Canada with parents of teens. They were identified with help from representatives of various national, regional and community organizations; federal, provincial and territorial departments of health; and authors, distribution houses and professionals with expertise in the area. Staff in family resource programs and family service agencies filled in surveys, and researchers interviewed many of the survey's respondents. These informants reported on programs that they used themselves or of which they were aware. They also recommended books and videos. Reproducible programsThe nature of the search process means that this review is not exhaustive. No doubt, some very good community programs were missed. Often, professionals working with parents in community-based organizations develop their own programs, combining several approaches to suit their clientele. They put their time and energy into helping parents directly; marketing their materials is low on their list of priorities. This means that outside their immediate area, their work goes unknown, and even if it were publicized, it is not available in a format that makes it easily reproducible elsewhere. U.S. originsThe majority of widely used programs in Canada originate in the United States, where there seems to be more interest in publishing and marketing parent education products. (This explains why most of the programs and videos are not offered in French.) The three programs most frequently mentioned by informants were all commercial programs from the United States: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting of Teens (STEP/Teen), Active Parenting of Teens and Developing Capable People. This last program has been adapted to the Canadian context and funding is being sought for a French translation. Most U.S.-based programs have Canadian distributors and some have Canadian trainers. Several informants raised questions about this borrowing of U.S. materials without adaptation to the Canadian setting. Different approaches suit different familiesInclusion in this list does not imply an official stamp of approval. Neither the order of presentation nor the length of the entry is meant to suggest any ranking. While all of the materials were recommended by professionals in the field, they represent a range of philosophies and appeal to a variety of learning styles. Certain approaches will suit some families better than others. Parents need to choose what best suits their own situation. Professionals also have preferencesParent educators and other professionals must also make choices based on their preferences. Some like to follow a very well-structured program with clear guidelines, while others prefer maximum flexibility and want to pull together parts from several programs into one course. Some are enthusiastic about video-based programs and some are not. Some prefer to keep on a theoretical level and move quickly through the material; others lean to in-depth discussions or experiential exercises. Some serve middle-class parents who can pay for classes and materials; others have clients from "at-risk"populations who cannot. No one program has the magic recipe that will work for all families and all professionals. Identifying the GapsAt the same time as they were identifying resources for parents of teens, parent educators and informants from family resource programs and other family service agencies also pointed out the gaps they see in services to families that are undergoing the pressures of adolescence. No national clearinghouse for parent support informationMany organizations from different sectors share the goals of supporting parents and of promoting healthy child development and healthy families. Unfortunately, there is no national mechanism through which these many groups can share their resources and experience. The information in this publication attempts to fill a gap in the area of parent-teen relations. Some associations help their members network through newsletters and conferences at the local.provincial, territorial and federal levels. The Internet also holds promise of becoming a tool for pooling information. Parent educators and others in the field of supporting parents would benefit from more publications, symposia, conferences and joint projects that link sectors to make the work of each more effective. No widely available, commercially distributed programs developed in CanadaThe most widely used programs and videos for parents of teens in Canada have been developed commercially in the United States, although organizations based in Canada sometimes provide training. Only one of these programs has been adapted for the Canadian context. There are no national publicly supported programs, similar to Ready or Not!, for parents of teens. Some informants commented that programs from the United States may not be a perfect fit for the Canadian experience. Francophone parents do not have access to these resources.
Parenting Today's Teens:A Survey and Review of ResourcesLack of resources dealing with cross-cultural issuesParent educators in many regions of the country emphasized the need for materials geared to parents of teens who have the added challenge of cross-cultural issues. The study on which this publication is based did not systematically search out such programs; however, informants did mention two worth noting. Juggling Cultures is based in London.Ontario, and S.U.C.C.E.S.S. serves parents from the Chinese community in Vancouver. If you know of other similar programs, use the feedback form at the end of the booklet to share your information. Juggling Cultures is a multimedia resource kit, developed by Wanda Sawicki for the London Intercommunity Health Centre in 1991. It addresses questions such as how culture and change affect youth, families and communities; how to facilitate cross-cultural communication; how to bridge cultures with understanding and empathy; and how to work with youth who feel "different" at a time in life when establishing a self-identity is most important. The resource kit contains three 15-minute videos and a resource manual which includes lesson plans and a video user's guide. For more information contact Kem Murch Productions, 322 Queens Avenue.Main Floor, London, ON N6B1X4 or telephone (519) 673-3342. The United Chinese Community Enrichment Services Society (S.U.C.C.E.S.S.) provides a continuum of classes, including school-based programs for parents of pre-teens and teens, a support group for parents of pre-teens and a Parents Together support group for parents of acting-out teens. It also offers workshops on topics such as the parent-teen relationship and has co-produced 30 episodes for television on child and teen development. S.U.C.C.E.S.S. is located at 87 East Pender Street, Vancouver, BC VGA iSg, telephone (604) 687-6969. Lack of resources to address trie concerns of Aboriginal familiesSeveral informants particularly regretted the lack of programs for Aboriginal parents of teens who deal with issues of two cultures in their parenting. Some parent educators find the Parenting for Prevention videos useful with these parents since the animated characters avoid associations of socio-economic status and racial background. Few programs for parents with low literacy skillsSeveral informants felt that the more popular video-based programs for parents of teens did not suit parents with less formal education and fewer resources. Some have found creative solutions. The Cumberland County Family Support Centre in Amherst, Nova Scotia recently developed Hey! Who Is In Control?, an experiential low-literacy program to meet the needs of parents of teens who are involved in high-risk activity. Several other informants have customized programs to meet the needs of their clients, often drawing on existing resources such as the animated Parenting for Prevention videos which use humour to teach each separate skill. Inadequate response to trie needs of parents of acting-out teensParents in crisis whose teens are involved with high-risk behaviour need a great deal of support, both from parents who have "been there"and from professional systems. Typical programs oriented to prevention are not suitable, and access to low-cost counselling is insufficient. The Association of Parent Support Groups in Ontario and B.C.'s Parents Together illustrate two models of parent self-help. More information is needed on programs offered through family courts, correctional facilities, probation authorities, youth service agencies, police departments, rehabilitation facilities and other organizations. Research is required to determine which programs are effective in reducing negative effects of teen behaviour on all family members. Informants also mentioned the shortage of emergency housing for teens who need to be away from their family for a short time. Limited theoretical basisWhereas most parenting programs are based on the teaching of communication skills, Tom Ranger and Heather Smith in the Sudbury area have designed a program which uses concepts that are the basis of most family counselling. Parenting: A Balancing Act looks at parenting through the lens of family systems theory, teaching parents to reflect on their family's structure, balance of power, roles of family members, etc. Program materials are not yet commercially available, but the program's originators have trained other professionals in the model. Insufficient attention to preventive measuresSeveral informants observed that preventive parenting courses had lost funding in recent years. The originators of innovative parenting courses also seem discouraged from seeking commercial distribution by the lack of funds.When money dries up, many social services must concentrate their efforts on families in urgent situations, even though most people prefer prevention over crisis management. When parents of teens wait to seek help until their children exhibit challenging behaviours, they have missed the chance to build stronger parent-child relationships which might have prevented or reduced their problems. The earlier parents start using healthy, respectful communication and positive discipline, the more likely they and their children will be able to weather the storm of the adolescent years. The principles of providing nurture and structure are appropriate for parents of children of all ages, but parents need access to this learning before serious difficulties arise. Something as simple as publicizing information about the normal stages of pre-teen and teen development can help parents have more realistic expectations and set more appropriate rules. The message must get out to parents that prevention starts early. Recent brain research links the experiences of infancy and childhood with later responses to stress. It suggests that a major effort should be made to support all parents of infants and young children, enabling them to provide the healthiest possible environment for their children. In this way, their children will have greater capacity as teens and adults to handle stress in healthy ways and to experience pleasure and joy. Time pressures on parentsJuggling personal needs, work responsibilities and family concerns does not leave parents of teens with much time or energy to seek help outside the family. Although ongoing support groups or eight-week parenting series may suit some parents, many prefer to gather information about parenting teens in smaller doses. Since parents of teens generally do not read parenting magazines, which are aimed at parents of younger children, information must come to them where they live, work and relax. To promote tips and strategies for dealing with teens, interested professionals need to enlist the assistance of employers, private and public, large and small; work/family organizations; public health units; popular media that carry public service announcements; schools; stores and malls; doctors' offices and clinics; faith communities; family resource programs; organizations such as Scouts, Guides, Boys and Girls Clubs, Big Brothers and Sisters; and recreational facilities where both adults and teens gather. Parents need affirmationParents of teens are often isolated from one another and lack confidence in their ability to provide limits and structure to their not-yet-adult children. Many informants mentioned that, more than anything, parents need a pat on the back for doing a difficult job well. Most families come through the passage of adolescence successfully. This message must be communicated in order to counter the image in the popular media that teens are all turning to criminal and self-destructive behaviour and that their parents are powerless to stop them. Any projects designed to support parents of teens should include affirmation and encouragement for parents themselves. Programs and Resources for Parents of Teens IVPlease note: The following lists are provided for information purposes only. Mention here does not imply either approval or recommendation of any program or other resource. Comments drawn from the interviews reflect the experience of the professionals who responded to the original survey. Please contact the sources for more details before deciding on any training or purchase. All costs are subject to change. A. Parenting courses and programs Active Parenting of Teens Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsTo help parents of teens understand developmental changes in teens; communicate effectively; build courage and self-esteem in their teens; address issues of drug and alcohol use, sexuality and violence; discipline while teaching responsibility; explore and encourage non-violent conflict resolution Target audienceParents of children in Grade 5 and older from a range of economic and educational backgrounds. The videos depict a good mixture of two-parent families and single-parent families, as well as a cross-section of the U.S. population: African-American, Asian, Caucasian and Hispanic families are represented. Accompanying materialsPromotional material, a leader's guide, two videos, a parent's guide, a completion certificate, an inspirational poem, a booklet entitled "Active Parenting Family Guide to Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs" Course durationSix two-hour sessions Learning techniquesA video-based interactive discussion program for groups of 10 to 20 parents, usually led by a trained facilitator Training for group leaderNot mandatory but is recommended. The leader's guide provides step-by-step instructions for using the videos and leading discussions. National trainers offer two-day leader training workshops in several communities, particularly in western Canada, at a cost of $175.00 per participant. Participants in the training receive the leader's guide, a parent's guide and other materials. The videos must be purchased separately. Leaders can become certified by completing one series and sending in participants' and leader's evaluations. Cost Evaluation of effectivenessBoth participants and leaders evaluate the program at the completion of each series. The revised edition of the program incorporates their suggestions. Additional notesThe program is aimed at lower- and middle-income families. The presentation and language level of the parent's guide make it easy to use. Comments from interviewsActive Parenting of Teens appears to be well liked by our informants who mentioned it frequently during interviews and in the surveys returned from Family Service agencies. Many organizations also offer one or both of the other Active Parenting programs: Active Parenting Today (for elementary school-aged children) and 1-2-3-4 Parents! for parents of young children. Can We Talk? Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsDeals with dating pressures with an emphasis on communication and postponing sexual involvement Target audienceAimed at parents, and teens between 12 and 14 years of age Accompanying materialsThe facilitator's binder gives step-by-step directions for each session. For each session, activity sheets, handouts and support materials are provided for the parents and the teens, as well as evaluation forms for the individual sessions and for the overall course. A reference section suggests appropriate videos and handouts. Course durationTopics for four sessions are provided Learning techniquesTeens attend group sessions with parents Training for group leaderNo formal training provided Cost Additional notesThe program is easily adapted to address other topics such as drug abuse or dating violence. Comments from interviewsThis program is used with success in the Amherst and Truro areas in Nova Scotia. Common Sense Parenting Language of availability Origins Contact information Canadian distributor: Insight Media Centre Ltd., 10501 -1256 Street Surrey, BC V3V 5A8 Tel:(6o4) 581-2420 Fax: (604) 581-2430 E-mail: insight@netcom.ca Program goalsTopics include setting clear expectations and consequences, using effective praise, helping children make decisions and solve problems, teaching social skills Target audienceFor parents of pre-teens and teens Accompanying materialsComplete kit for trainers, including manual with class outlines, exercises, home assignments, role-play situations and evaluation forms; parent's manual; video with 85 vignettes, parent recruitment manual, parent skill cards and completion certificates. Common Sense Parenting is available in book and audiotape formats. A self-instructional video kit (for release early in 1999) includes two videotapes with three hours of content showing an actual six-session class, a workbook, exercises and reminder skill card. Course durationSix sessions Learning techniquesVideo- and discussion-based course, supplemented by a parent's manual Training for group leaderTrainer's manual Cost Additional notesIt was rated "outstanding" by the Parent Council and won the National Parenting Center's 1997 Seal of Approval.Developing Capable People"! Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsTo help parents and other adults learn how to empower children and teens with Seven Life Principles: strong perceptions of personal capabilities; strong perceptions of personal significance; strong perceptions of personal power; self-discipline; communication; responsibility; values and principles Target audienceAdults who raise, teach, or are in a position to influence the healthy development of children and teens. The program has been successfully adapted to participants from a wide variety of cultural and socio-economic backgrounds, in both rural and urban settings. Accompanying materialsNine so-minute videos of talks given by H. Stephen Glenn; leader's guide; participant's workbook (required); Raising Self-Reliant Children in a Self-Indulgent World by H. Stephen Glenn and Jane Nelsen and Positive Discipline by Jane Nelsen (texts are optional for participants) Course durationNine 21/2-hour sessions Learning techniquesA video-based program, always facilitated by a certified leader Training for group leaderThree-day training for leaders is mandatory and offered in all major cities of Canada;only certified program leaders may purchase materials Cost Evaluation of effectivenessParents provide informal evaluations after the series. A formal evaluation carried out in Calgary used pre- and post-tests which indicated that after the nine sessions, parents felt greatly empowered in dealing with their children and teens. Additional notesDeveloping Capable People has trained more than 1000 people to give the program in Canada, including more than 100 teachers, principals and parents in the Winnipeg School District. Hey! Who's In Control? Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsDevelops specific parenting skills in communication, problem solving, discipline and anger management; and provides a safe environment for parents to discover their own parenting strengths and set goals to develop their potential Target audienceParents of teens, in particular teens who may be involved in high-risk activities;designed to be sensitive to various literacy levels Accompanying materialsThe facilitator's manual includes sample feedback sheets, information on parent abuse and parent-teen relationships, supplemental material and a summary of resources for each session. Material is also borrowed from several other sources, including problem ownership from Baynard & Baynard, How to Deal with Your Acting-Up Teenager; problem ownership and roadblocks to communication from Thomas Gordon and excerpts from Barbara Coloroso's video, Winning at Parenting. Course duration11 sessions Learning techniquesParent education through group discussion and non-judgmental support It is consistent with the "Nobody's Perfect" and the "Ready or Not!" programs in its approach to parenting skills and uses adult education principles to balance content and process. Training for group leaderA facilitators manual has some tips for facilitators; each session has lecturettes which provide a framework for discussing certain topics. The developers recommend facilitation training and co-facilitating. Cost Comments from interviewsprogram design allowed for serious problems to be discussed. Appropriate for participants with varying literacy skills. How to Talk So Kids Will Listen Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsHelping children deal with their feelings, engaging cooperation, finding alternatives to punishment, promoting autonomy, praising, encouraging children to be themselves Target audienceGenerally offered to parents of preschool and elementary school-aged children, it comes with a teen supplement to enable the facilitator to adapt each segment to the needs of parents of teens Accompanying materialsSix videos illustrating different topics, parent workbooks, leader's guide Course durationSix sessions Learning techniquesVideos followed by group discussions and structured exercises and role plays, with practice assignments between meetings Training for group leaderThe authors intend that the combination of videos with the leader's guide be so clear that an interested non-professional could lead the group. Cost Comments from interviewsThis course is widely offered in many community settings in Canada for parents of younger children. A parent educator in New Brunswick has adapted the program into French and is seeking a publisher. Nos adolescents... parlons-en! Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsTo increase parenting skills in order to enhance parent-teen relationships through exploration of knowledge, behaviour and attitudes, and to prevent the abuse of alcohol and drugs Target audiencePart one is a program for parents of teens, part two is for teens regarding prevention of alcohol and drug abuse, and part three establishes a supportive environment for the parents and teens with teachers in the school community.This program was originally developed for use in a high school. Accompanying materials7O-page leaders guide, including 13 handouts and an extensive bibliography for parents and teens; a student's manual of activities geared to the prevention of alcohol and drug abuse Course durationEight 2 i/2-houT sessions Learning techniquesThe section for parent groups encourages parents to share experiences and to offer each other support through discussion of the topics, Role play, written exercises and practice at home. Training for group leaderLeader's guide includes objectives, timelines and tips on ways to stimulate discussion. This parent-centred program demands skills in facilitating, as opposed to directing, the parent group. Cost Evaluation of effectivenessThe Département de santé communautaire de 1'Outaouais conducted an evaluation in 1992 which indicated that parents acquired skills and confidence in dealing with their teens after participating in the program. Additional notesThough the program is not currently being offered in its original format, the leader's guide and other documents are still available. Parent d'ado... une traversée Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsSupport parents in providing structure for their teens through healthy communication and establishing rules for family life; encourage mutual support between parents of teens Target audienceParents of children 12 to 18 years of age Accompanying materialsLeader's guide, available only with training Course durationNine three-hour sessions Learning techniquesThrough presentations by leader, group discussions, role plays, breaking into smaller groups to exchange experiences and give support; groups of 16 to 20 participants Training for group leaderFour days, offered twice a year in Québec City Cost Evaluation of effectivenessA similar program.developed earlier by the same organization for parents of younger children, was evaluated in 1995 by a research group from Laval University. Results showed that parents experienced less difficulty accomplishing their role as educators after completing the course and that they considered themselves more effective parents. Additional notesThe course for parents of teens grows out of one for parents of children aged 6 to 12, entitled "Vie de famille, de la discipline a 1'amour". More than 150 people from various regions of Québec, as well as from Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick.have been trained to give this program.Entraide-Parents tested and refined Parent d'ado... une traversée over several years before starting to train leaders in 1999. Parenting: A Balancing Act Language of availability Origins Contact information Program goalsTo teach that parenting has four functions:access, guidance, control and nurturing; to support healthy family function through increasing skills; to help families organize their family structure; to encourage parents to support each other by creating a climate that is accessible, playful.learner-directed and non-judgmental Target audienceParents in single-parent, blended or two-parent family structures; suitable for high-risk families Accompanying materialsParenting: A Balancing Act parent manual;group leader's manual in progress Course durationSix two-hour sessions Learning techniquesPopular/adult education methods; one half of each meeting is spent in small group discussion, with the parents of teens in one group and parents of younger children in another. Training for group leaderTom Ranger and Heather Smith have trained other professionals in the Sudbury area. Cost Parent's manual: $15 Additional notesThis parenting program, based on a family systems approach, looks at the family structure, roles of family members and the effects family members have on one another. Anger management and resolving conflicts are covered in the sessions, as well as the unique challenges of single-parent and blended family structures. Parenting for PreventionLanguage of availability EnglishOrigins United States, developed by the Johnson Institute, Minneapolis, in 1997 Contact information Kinetic (Video) Inc. 511 Bloor Street West Toronto, ON MsSiY4 Tel:(416) 538-6613 1-800-263-6910 Fax: (416) 538-9984 Program goalsTo show parents how to take a positive approach to prevention by teaching their children life skills that will help them develop into mature, responsible, non-violent and drug-free adults. Topics include setting limits, enforcing consequences, communication, anger management, conflict resolution. Target audienceParents and other caregivers of school-aged children, 5 to 16, either in groups or as a self-help tool individually Accompanying materialsSix-part humorous, animated video series and six summary booklets, six individual facilitator guides on diskette; supplemented by Johnson Institute book Parenting for Prevention by David Wilmes Course durationProgram can be adjusted to the time parents have available. Learning techniquesEach i5-minute video segment teaches one skill, which is summarized and reinforced in an accompanying booklet. Individual and group activities also promote learning and practice of the skills. Training for group leaderNo formal training is provided. Six facilitator guides are provided on diskette (MAC and WINDOWS versions) with instructions for facilitators, individual and group activities, reproducible information and exercise handouts. Cost Entire program:$832; individual videos: $209 each Additional notesProgram materials can be used to supplement other parenting programs or by parents on their own. Comments from interviewsUsers like the program's flexibility, short videos and accompanying booklets. Using animated characters avoids some of the problems associated with identifiable ethnocultural, socio-economic and geographical backgrounds. Some facilitators in Aboriginal communities liked the program for this reason. Some informants have used the videos with the Ready or Not! program and have lent them one at a time to families during home visits. Parenting Pre-Teens and Teens Language of availability English Origins Ontario, developed by Family Services of Peel, 1997 Contact information John MacMillan, Family Services of Peel, 151 City Centre Dr., Suite 501 Peel, ON L5B 1M7 Tel:(go5) 270-6647 Fax: (905) 270-2869 Program goalsTo enhance parenting skills; deal with the key issues of parenting teens and pre-teens Target audienceParents of teens and pre-teens Accompanying materialsFacilitator's manual Course durationSix sessions Learning techniquesThrough information, discussions, home exercises and action plans Training for group leaderNo formal training apart from facilitator's manual Cost Facilitator's manual: $35 plus shipping and handling Comments from interviewsThe family service agency has met with success offering this course. Programme d'animation de groupes de parents d'adolescents (PAGPA)Language of availability French Origins Quebec, developed by Claire Martel, 1992, revised 1997 Contact information Maison de la famille la Parenthèse 215, Notre-Dame Repentigny, Québec J6A 2R4 Tel: (450) 582-2677 Fax: (450) 582-1168 Program goalsIncrease the skills of parents and improve parent-teen relationships on themes such as values, sexuality, drugs, communication, school and family Target audienceParents of teens Accompanying materialsLeader's guide, including handouts and exercises Course durationEight three-hour sessions Learning techniquesPresentation on one theme a week followed by group discussion; an exercise to complete at home with the teen in order to put new ideas into practice Training for group leaderClaire Martel offers training to groups on request. The training lasts six days for those without experience in leading groups and four days for those with experience. Cost To be determined Additional notesThis model has been used with success in a variety of community settings in different regions of Québec. It was sponsored for several years by the Lions Clubs. The course has been modified recently to add the topic of suicide and to take account of feedback from participants and leaders. Raising Children in Troubled TimesLanguage of availability English and Spanish Origins United States, 1992 Contact information Kinetic (Video) Inc. 511 Bloor Street West Toronto, ON MsSiY4 Tel:(416) 538-6613 1-800-263-6910 Fax: (416) 538-9984 Program goalsTo provide skills to overcome the many obstacles to raising and supervising children. Topics covered by the program include sex, chores, arguing, parties and concerts, lying, peers, homework, temper tantrums, curfew, studying, fighting, school behaviour, drugs, bedtimes and togetherness. Target audienceParents, parent-teacher associations and school administrators of children between the ages of 5 and 18 Accompanying materialsLeader's guide; 15 half-hour videos, each depicting a situation. Following each of these vignettes, a panel composed of an expert and parents discusses ways to deal with the situation. Course durationFlexible Learning techniquesEach video presents clear steps for positive discipline. The accompanying leader's guide suggests ideas for individual group activities. Training for group leaderThe facilitator needs no professional background since an expert participates in the video panel discussions. Cost Leader's guide and videos: $629 or Comments from interviewsSeeing the panel of parents and expert solve the problems in the video vignettes may discourage group participants from finding their own solutions. In the end, this could diminish the parents' confidence in their own abilities. A skilled facilitator could give the group time for discussion and idea sharing before watching the panel discussion portion of each vignette. Systematic Training for Effective Parenting of Teens: STEP/TeenLanguage of availability English Origins United States. The original STEP program was developed in 1976 by Don Dinkmeyer, Sr. and Gary D. McKay, based on the Adlerian tradition and the work of Rudolf Dreikurs. They developed STEP/Teen materials in 1991, which were revised in 1997. Contact information Available from a number of distributors, including: Kinetic (Video) Inc. 511 Bloor Street West Toronto ONMsSiY4 Tel: (416) 538-6613 1-800-263-6910 Fax: (416) 538-9984 Program goalsTo help parents understand a practical theory of human behaviour that can be applied to parent-teen relationships; improve communication and conflict resolution skills;use natural and logical consequences; conduct family meetings; become aware of how parents can improve relationships with teens by building their own self-esteem, developing the courage to be imperfect, and being responsible for their own actions Target audienceThe program is aimed at middle-class parents, but the leader's guide has tips on how to adapt it to parents with lower income and education, parents mandated by the courts and multicultural groups. Accompanying materialsA leader's resource guide, a 25-minute leader training video, parent's handbook, booklet on substance abuse prevention, two one-hour videocassettes or five audiocassettes, promotional material, parent survey, sample certification of participation Course durationSeven two-hour sessions Learning techniquesVideos, discussions, handouts on special topics, skill-building exercises, assignment of reading and activities to do at home Training for group leaderNo formal training is required, but it is suggested that the leader be trained in one of the helping professions of counselling, psychology, social work, the ministry, pediatrics, education, nursing or psychiatry. Cost Complete kit with video: $419.95; parent's handbook: $16; STEP for Substance Abuse Prevention (10 booklets): $26 Evaluation of effectivenessForty-two studies have been conducted on the STEP Program between 1976 and 1993 and are available from American Guidance Service, 4201 Woodland Road, Circle Pines, MN 55014-1796,1-800-328-2560. The STEP/Teen program has not been formally evaluated. The program materials include a questionnaire that parents complete before and after the series to allow for comparisons. Additional notesThe videos show a range of ethnicities and many scenarios with one parent and child — mostly with mothers, but some with fathers. Participants are supposed to do readings in preparation for each session; this could pose a problem for parents with low literacy skills or little free time.The program is primarily suitable for parents with high reading skills and formal education. Comments from interviewsSTEP/Teen is widely used in Canada, as is the original Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP). Informants were generally very positive about the program. Some commented that parents might find concepts like the "authoritarian" vs. "democratic" family too theoretical .Also, each session covers a good deal of material, leaving little time for in-depth discussion. Teaching Parenting trie Positive Discipline WayLanguage of availability English Origins United States. Developed by Jane Nelsen in the early 19905. Jane Nelsen is the co-author of Raising Self-Reliant Children in a Self-Indulgent World (with H. Stephen Glenn), Positive Discipline and Positive Discipline for Teenagers (with Lynn Lott) Contact information Positive Discipline Associates The Effective Living Centre 5777 Madison Ave., Suite 430 Sacramento, CA 95841 Tel:(916) 338-5551 Fax: (916) 338-6577 Program goalsTo train parent educators how to start and lead experientially based parenting groups, particularly how to use activities designed to reach parents with cultural differences, limited reading skills and/or special problems with children. Topics include non-punitive methods to teach self-discipline,social interest and problem-solving skills and how to use a program with or without a parenting resource book. Target audienceParents, teachers, nurses and others who want to lead parenting groups; counsellors, psychologists, social workers, family therapists, school administrators, parent educators. All activities can be adapted to all age groups and levels of parents and/or professionals. Accompanying materialsThe Teaching Parenting manual includes 36 general activities for parents and 29 activities for parents of teenagers, as well as outlines for use with 10 major parenting resource books and programs including: Positive Discipline, Raising Self-Reliant Children in a Self-indulgent World, Positive Discipline for Teenagers, STEP (Systemic Training for Effective Parenting), Children: The Challenge and Active Parenting. Course durationOutlines are provided for seven classes, but the program is flexible. Learning techniquesExperiential activities, including demonstrations, role playing and discussions, take parents beyond intellectual learning into practical application. Training for group leaderPositive Discipline Associates two-day training workshops can be arranged upon request. A newsletter called Empowering People and catalogue are available. Cost (All in U.S. funds) training: $185; Teaching Parenting manual: $39.95; manual supplements (Positive Discipline for Preschoolers, Positive Discipline for Single Parents, Positive Discipline for Parents in Recovery): $19.95 each Additional notesThis program stands alone or offers enhancement to any program through experiential activities. Comments from interviewsThe experiential approach promoted by this training came highly recommended. This learning style particularly suits certain client groups that may not be comfortable with a parent's workbook. One organization in Calgary offers the program in 12 weekly sessions of 21/2 hours each. B) Video resourcesMany parent educators use videos as part of their work with parents. The following four videos received particular mention from the informants for this publication. By Parents For Parents Colin Mangham 1993 Contact: Magic Lantern Communications Ltd. -38-775 Pacific Road Oakville, ON L6L 6M4 1-800-263-1717 This 29-minute video uses short vignettes showing common parenting dilemmas. Real parents of teenagers respond to the vignettes with honesty, emotion and humour. A facilitator's handbook suggests questions to start discussion with a group. Cost: $99Growing Up Series Family Video National Film Board1989Contact: Customer Service National Film Board P.O. Box 6100, Station Centre-Ville Montreal QC H3C 3H5 1-800-267-7710 This highly recommended three-part video series may be used with groups or individually by parents to introduce sexuality education in puberty and adolescence to their 9- to 12-year-olds. It includes a parent guide. Cost: $34.95 for home use, $39.95 for public performance rights Living With Teens and Liking It Lethbridge Community College 1993Contact: Lethbridge Community College LCC Bookstore 3000 College Drive South Lethbridge,ABTiKiL6 Tel: (403) 320-3341 This 55-minute video is a taped lecture of Mr. Gordon Colledge giving a lecture to a group of parents in Family Life Studies. He covers nine key attitudes essential to good parenting skills for parents of teens: understanding, respect, letting go, acceptance, thoughtfulness, perseverance, forgiveness, self-control and trust. He also explores dealing with anger, adapting to change, decision making, responsibility for behaviour, negotiations and self-esteem. Parts of the video could be used in a parenting class to explain concepts or stimulate discussion if the facilitator is experienced in integrating audiovisuals into a program. Cost: $71.49 Winning at Parenting Barbara Coloroso 1993Contact: Educational Media Company P.O. 60x91504 Georgetown, ON L7G 5M9 1-800-565-8437 This very popular two-hour video encourages parents to help children become responsible.caring, loving individuals who know not just "what" to think but "how" to think. The material is aimed at parents of younger children as well as parents of teens. The video comes with a 54-page listening guide and is divided by topic area. Informants praised this video as an excellent resource to use with groups for parents of teens. Cost: $44.99 C) Self-help resources for individuals, groups and communitiesL'estime de soi de nos adolescents Duclos, G., D. Laporte, J. Ross, 1995 (The Self-Esteem of Our Teens) Contact: Service des publications Hôpital Sainte-Justine 3175, chemin de la côte-Sainte-Catherine Montreal QC H3T 1C5 Tel: (514) 345-4931, ext. 4671 (Also available in bookstores) This practical French-language workbook/guide for parents serves as a stand-alone tool or as an addition to any parenting program. The guide is designed to help parents understand the concept of self-esteem and to apply it to their daily activities. The 176-page coil-bound publication is divided into four chapters: Increasing your teen's self-confidence, Helping your teen to know her/himself, Teaching the teen to participate and cooperate, and Guiding the teen through strategies leading to success. This workbook/guide includes exercises, a self-evaluation for the teen's self-esteem and a bibliography for more in-depth information (many references are in English). Cost: $18.75 Association of Parent Support Groups in Ontario Inc. 1986 Contact: APSGO Box 27581 Yorkdale Postal Outlet Toronto, ON M6A 368 Tel:(416) 223-7444 1-800-488-5666 The Association of Parent Support Groups in Ontario (APSGO) is a parent-run volunteer organization that supports parents of acting-out youth through a 24-hour information line, support and referral for parent self-help groups in several Ontario communities, workshops and conferences, and the publication of a newsletter. APSGO maintains a database of parent support groups and sponsors an annual conference for parents and professionals. Support groups meet weekly under the direction of parent volunteers, not professional counsellors. Parents, grandparents, step-parents or any adult concerned about the behaviour of a young person may join. Group members assist one another in developing a personal plan for dealing with a child in trouble. They do not support physical violence or corporal punishment. Parents Together Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Vancouver 1988 Contact: Brenda Hoyle This weekly self-help/support program for parents of acting-out teenagers is widely used in 26 communities throughout British Columbia. Parents self-refer to the program by phoning the Parentline, answered by parent volunteers, and by attending a program information evening. The groups are led by parent volunteers, supported by a professional coordinator and professional resource people. The program is described in an article by Keith Pattinson which is available on the Internet at www.cfc-efc.ca/docs/ooooo456.htm. The meetings focus on positive changes in parenting responses rather than the teen's behaviour — choices such as looking after oneself, backing off and taking a stand. Once a month, the program director or group consultant visits the group to make a presentation, generally a mini-workshop on a specific issue. Required reading for all members is How to Deal with Your Acting-Up Teenager by Drs. Robert and Jean Bayard. Parents Together is administered by the Boys and Girls Club of British Columbia and funded by the B.C. Ministry of Social Services, the Donner Canadian Foundation and First Echo Group Donations Fund. This program was positively evaluated by W. L. von Gerichten & Associates in 1996 for the Boys and Girls Clubs of British Columbia. The staff involved with Parents Together would like to see the program replicated in other provinces and territories. Cost: $15.00 membership per person per year Promoting Positive Outcomes in Youth Twelve to Eighteen Years Old (in the series Preventing Crime by Investing in Families and Communities) National Crime Prevention Council 1997 Contact: National Crime Prevention Centre 5th Floor, 275 Sparks Street Ottawa, ON K1A 0H8 Tel:(6i3) 957-4640 This publication is part of a series Preventing Crime by Investing in Families and Communities which has three components: young children, children aged 6 to 12 and youth aged 12 to 18. The Council's model for preventing crime starts from the promotion of healthy families and children. These publications provide a starting point for community discussions on how to prevent victimization and youth involvement in crime through community development. They also address the challenge of promoting safer schools and communities. This in-page publication discusses issues relating to youth and explains ways to apply the model to the various social settings of youth. Publications are available at no cost in both French and English. Resilient Kids & Resilient Families"!, Thriving in trie 21st Century (release expected in May 1999) Contact: Resiliency International Corporation, This multimedia package for parents is specifically designed for parents to work on at home, recognizing that many parents find it difficult to put aside the time for a six- or eight-week course. The eight 25-minute video segments are supplemented by a textbook and by activities in a parent guidebook. They are related to the seven "Keys to Resilience"!": understanding and managing change.affirming values and principles, building healthy relationships, acquiring essential life skills, committing to lifelong learning, creating a positive future and developing community support. Chris Rush is also responsible for the Canadian adaptation of Developing Capable People"!. (See page 18.) He has based Resilient Kids & Resilient Families"! on international research into the factors that protect teens from the pressures of adolescence, as opposed to those that put them at risk. Cost of the home education package is $295 plus GST. There are also plans to put the learning modules on-line on the Internet. This program will also be available in communities throughout Canada via an eight-session seminar format conducted by a certified program leader, trained by Resiliency International Corporation. V Where to Get More InformationA) Organizations, articles, pamphlets* indicates availability of resources in French *Association canadienne pour la santé des adolescents/Canadian Association for Adolescent Health, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC el: (514) 345-4722, Fax: (514) 345-47?8. B.C. Council for Families, Parenting Teens Series. Five booklets for parents: Your New Role; Keeping Them Safe; Communication; The Homefront; Discipline That Teaches. Cost: $3.50 per set. Order from B.C. Council for Families, -204 - 2509 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Hi,Tel: (604) 660-0675. B.C. Council for Families, Teen Suicide:What Parents Need to Know. This pamphlet offers a discussion of the developmental tasks of adolescence and how these affect a teen's vulnerability to suicide and suggests strategies for supporting teens in effective ways. Cost: $ .70 each, 5O/$32.00. Order from B.C. Council for Families, -204 - 2509 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Hi,Tel: (604) 660-0675. *Canadian Mental Health Association, Ottawa-Carleton Branch Youth Series. Eight pamphlets dealing with common problems for youth, including resources for help. Youth and Anger, Youth and Peer Pressure, Youth and Suicide, Youth and Loss, Youth and Coal Setting, Youth and Problem Solving, Youth and Self-Esteem, Youth and Stress. Available in French and English. Cost: $2.00 per set. Order from Canadian Mental Health Association, Ottawa-Carleton Branch, 1355 Bank Street, Suite 402, Ottawa, ON K1H 8K7, Tel: (613) 737-7791. Family Information Services, 12565 Jefferson Street N.E., Suite 102, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55434, Tel: (612) 755-6233. Latest parent education material provided to annual subscribers. Information by theme: Parenting Education, Basic Parenting, Youth Development, etc. Articles, tapes, handouts, etc. Topics include "Adolescent Drug Problems", "Sexuality and Relationships: What Teens Want & Need to Know", "Understanding Adolescent Depression", "Empowering Parents to Resolve Conflicts with Their Teens." Family Service Canada, Parenting Teens: Are We Having Fun Vet? by Keith Pattinson. Article about the Parents Together support groups for parents of acting-out teens in British Columbia. Can be downloaded from Child and Family website: www.cfc-efc.ca/docs/ooooo456.htm Family Service Canada, Positive Peer Pressure: A Transition Perspective by Rey A. Cart. Can be downloaded from Child and Family website: www.cfc-efc.ca/docs/ooooo4io.htm *National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Health Canada, The Parent-Teen Relationship: Life Through a Teenager's Eyes and The Parent-Teen Relationship: How Parents Can Make the Most of It (1993). To order, call 1-800-267-1291. *National Institute of Nutrition, Giving Adolescents a Fighting Chance Against Eating Disorders. Can be downloaded from the Child and Family website: www.cfc-efc.ca/docs/ ooooo47i.htm *National Crime Prevention Centre, 5th Floor, 275 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H8, publishers of Preventing Crime by Investing in Families and Communities, 1997, Tel: (613) 957-4640. Wong, M. (1990) For Parents of Teens. (Chinese and English versions) S.U.C.C.E.S.S.,87 East Render Street, Vancouver, BC V6A 1S9, Tel: (604) 687-6969. B) Books for parents of teensMany of the following books have been recommended by informants surveyed for this report; some, but not all, have been reviewed by the project team. The books that are suitable for teens themselves are marked with **. Books in French are indicated by *. GeneralBarrish, IJ. and Harriet Barrish (1989) Surviving and Enjoying Your Adolescent. Westport Publications. *Bélanger, Robert (1989) Parents d'adolescents. Lambton, Québec: Collection Education a la vie familiale, ed. R. Bélanger, enr. Bluestein, Jane (1993) Parents, Teens and Boundaries: How to Draw the Line. Metuchen, NJ: Health Communications. Caron, Ann F. (1992) Don't Stop Loving Me:A Reassuring Guide for Mothers of Adolescent Daughters. New York:Harper Perennial. *Cloutier, Richard (1982) Psychologic de 1'adolescence. Boucherville, Québec: Gaëtan Morin Éditeur. *Cloutier, Richard (1994) Mieux vivre avec nos adolescents. Québec: Editions Le Jour. Covey, Stephen (reprint, 1997) 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families. New York: Golden Books Publishing. *Covey, Stephen (1998) Les sept habitudes des families épanouies. Paris: Editions First. Craig, Judi (1996) You're Grounded Till You're Thirty! New York: Good Housekeeping parent guide, Hearst Books. Davitz, Lois and J. Davitz (1982) How to Live (Almost) Happily with a Teenager. Minneapolis: Winston Press. *Delagrave, Michel (1995) Les ados: Mode d'emploi a 1'usage des parents. Québec: Les publications MNH, éd. Beauport. *Delaroche, Patrick (1992) Adolescence a problèmes: Comprendre vos enfants pourles aider. Paris: Albin Michel. Dinkmeyer, Don and Gary D. McKay (reprint, 1998) Parenting Teenagers: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (resource text for the STEP/Teen program). New York:Times Books. *Dolto, Françoise (1988) la cause des adolescents. Paris: Laffont. *Duclos, Germain, Danielle Laporte and Jacques Ross (1995) L'estime de soi de nos adolescents: Guide pratique a 1'intention des parents. Montreal: Hôpital Ste-Justine. *Duclos, Germain, Danielle Laporte and Jacques Ross (1996) Les besoins, les défis et les aspirations des adolescents: vivre en harmonie avec les jeunes de 12 a 20 arts. Québec: Les Editions Heritage. Elkind, David (reprint, 1994) Parenting Your Teenager in the go's. New York: Ballantine Books. Fleming, Don and Laurel Schmidt (1987) How to Stop the Battle with Your Teenager: A Practical Guide to Solving Everyday Problems. New York:Prentice-Hall. Ford, Judy (1996) Wonderful Ways to Love a Teen...even when it seems impossible. Berkeley: Conari Press. *Fournier, Fernand (1997) Enfants, nous les embrassons, adolescents, nous les embarassons. Montreal: Fides. *Hone, G. and J. Mercure (1996) Les Adolescents: Les encourager, les proteger, les stimuler. Ottawa: Novalis. Joslin, Karen Renshaw and Mary Bunting Decher (1997) Positive Parenting Your Teens: The A to Z Book of Sound Advice and Practical Solutions. New York: Fawcett Columbine. Kamin, Ben (1996) Raising a Thoughtful Teenager: A Book of Answers and Values for Parents. New York: Dutton. Kastner, Laura and Jennifer Wyatt (1997) The Seven-Year Stretch: How Families Work Together to Crow Through Adolescence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Kaufman, Miriam (1997) Mothering Teens: Understanding the Adolescent Years. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: Gynergy. Kirshenbaum, Mira and Charles Foster (reprint, 1995) Parent/Teen Breakthrough: The Relationship Approach. New York: Plume Books. Kutner, Lawrence (1997) Making Sense of Your Teenager. New York: William Morrow & Company. **LeShan, Eda (1988) When Crown Ups Drive You Crazy. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Levine, Saul (1987) Tell Me It's Only a Phase. Scarborough, Ont.:Prentice-Hall Canada Ltd. Marshall, Peter (1992) Now I Know Why Tigers Eat Their Young. Toronto:Whitecap Books. Mclntire, Roger and Carol Mclntire (third edition, 1997) Teenagers and Parents: Ten Steps for a Better Relationship. Columbia, MD: Summit Crossroads Press. Nelsen, Jane and Lynn Lott (reprint, 1994) Positive Discipline for Teenagers: Resolving Conflict with Your Teenage Son or Daughter. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing. **Packer, Alex J. (1992) Bringing Up Parents: The Teenager's Handbook. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Publishing Inc. **Palmer, Pat with Melissa Alberti Froehner (1989) Teen Esteem: A Self-Direction Manual for Young Adults. San Luis Opispo, CA: Impact Publishing. Pedersen, Anne and Peggy O'Mara, eds. (1991) Teens: A Fresh Look. Santa Fe, NM: Mothering Magazine. Phelan, Thomas (second edition, 1998) Surviving Your Adolescents: How to Manage and Let Go of Your 73 to 18 Year-Olds. Glen Ellyn, IL Child Management. Pipher, Mary (1994) Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. New York: Ballantine Books. Ponton, Lynn (1998) The Romance of Risk: Why Teenagers Do the Things They Do. New York: Basic Books. Riera, Michael (1995) Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. Berkeley: Celestial Arts. Staley, Betty (1996) Between Form and Freedom: A Practical Guide to the Teenage Years. Hudson, NY: Anthroposophic Press. Steinberg, L and A. Levine (1997) You and Your Adolescent: A Parent's Guide for Ages 10-20. New York: Harper Perennial. Tracy, Louise Felson (1994) Grounded for Life?! Seattle: Parenting Books. Weinhaus, Evonne and Karen Friedman (1988) Stop Struggling with Your Teen: With a Workbook to Help You Identify and Resolve Specific Problems. New York: Penguin Books. *Weinhaus, Evonne and Karen Friedman (1990) Comment communiquer avec votre adolescent. Montreal: Editions de 1'Homme. Wolf, Anthony E. (1991) Get Out of My Life...But First Can You Drive Me & Cheryl to the Mall? New York: Noonday Press (distributed in Canada by Harper Collins). Wooding, Scott (1995) Hear Me, Hug Me, Trust Me - Parenting Today's Teenager Effectively. Calgary: Script Publishing Co. Youngs, Bettie B. (1993) Safeguarding Your Teenager from the Dragons of Life. Metuchen, NJ: Health Communications. Special SituationsBayard, Robert T. and Jean Bayard (1988) How to Deal with Your Acting-Up Teenager: Practical Help for Desperate Parents. New York: M. Evans and Co. Crook, Marion (1992) Please, Listen to Me! Your Guide to Understanding Teenagers and Suicide. Bellingham, WA: Self-Counsel Press. *Gendreau,Gilles (1997) Briser l'isolement entre jeunes en difficulté, éducateurs et parents. Montreal: Editions Sciences et Culture. Harris, Scott 0. and Edward N. Reynolds (reprint, 1992) When Crowing Up Hurts Too Much, A Parent's Guide to Knowing When and How to Choose a Therapist with Your Teenager. San Francisco: Lexington Books, Jossey-Bass Inc. **Hipp, Earl and LK. Hanson (1991) Feed Your Head. Garden City, Minn.:Hazelden Books. Also, The Caring Circle (1992), a facilitator's guide to leading teen support groups based on Feed Your Head. **Hipp, Earl (rev. 1995) Fighting Invisible Tigers: A Stress Management Guide for Teens. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Publishing Inc. Also, with Connie Schmitz (1995) A Leader's Guide to Fighting Invisible Tigers. Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor. **Hipp, Earl and L.K. Hanson (1995) Help for the Hard Times: Getting Through the Loss. Garden City, Minn.: Hazelden Books. Ingersoll, Barbara and Sam Goldstein (1996) Lonely, Sad and Angry: A Parent's Guide to Depression in Children and Adolescents. New York: Main Street Books, Doubleday & Co. Levine, Katherine Gordy (1991) When Good Kids Do Bad Things. New York: Norton Publishing. McCoy, Kathleen (1994) Understanding Your Teenager's Depression: Issues, Insights and Practical Guidance for Parents. New York: Perigee Books, Berkley Publishing. Oster, Gerald and Sarah Montgomery (1994) Helping Your Depressed Teenager: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Parrott, Les and Leslie Parrott (1993) Helping the Struggling Adolescent: A Guide to Thirty Common Problems for Parents, Counselors & Youth Workers. Grand Rapids, Ml: Zondervan Publishing House. **Peterson, J.S., editor (1993) Talk with Teens About Self and Stress: 50 Guided Discussions for School and Counseling Groups. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Publishing. Schaefer, Dick (1987, rev. 1996) Choices and Consequences:What to Do When a Teenager Uses Alcohol/Drugs. Minneapolis: Johnson Institute Books. Schwebel, Robert (second edition, 1998) Saying NO Is Not Enough: Helping Your Kids Make Wise Decisions About Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs. New York: Newmarket Press. Somdahl, Gary (1996) Drugs and Kids: How Parents Can Keep Them Apart. Salem, OR: DIMI Press. Williams, Kate (1995) A Parent's Guide for Suicidal and Depressed Teems. Garden City, Minn.: Hazel den Books. *Williams, Kate (1996) Depression et suicide chez les jeunes, guide pour les parents. Montreal: Editions Sciences et Culture. Wilmes, David (1995) Parenting for Prevention. Minneapolis: Johnson Institute Books. C) Book and Video Distributors
D) Internet resources*indicates sites with information in French
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