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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Schistosoma spp. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium, Bilharziasis, Snail fever, Schistosomiasis CHARACTERISTICS: Trematode, flatworm, blood flukes; two distinct sexual forms; adult worms are 12-16 mm in length and 0.3-0.6 mm in width, male worms are shorter thicker than the longer slender females; eggs are round or oval and the size varies within species; cercariae (infective larva) are 400-600 µm in length, and contain a pear-shaped head and a forked tail SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Symptoms are related to amount and location of eggs in the human host; infections with Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum results in primarily hepatic and intestinal symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pains, and hepatosplenomegaly; S. haematobium produces urinary manifestation including dysuria and hematuria; important complications that arises from chronic infections includes liver fibrosis, portal hypertension and possibly colorectal malignancy in the intestinal form; also CNS manifestations can occur; papular rash can result at points of entry by cercariae in these and other Schistosoma spp. (swimmer's itch) EPIDEMIOLOGY: S. mansoni is found in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Brazil, Surinam and Venezuela and some Caribbean islands; S. haematobium is found in Africa, and the Middle East; S. japonicum is found China, Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia; an estimated 500-600 million people are infected in 75 countries; geographic distribution of schistosomiasis confined to an area between 36 degree north and 34 degree south latitude, where freshwater temperature averages 25-30° C; distribution of each species is dependant on the presence of an appropriate snail population HOST RANGE: Principally humans for S. haematobium and S mansoni; humans, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, water buffalo, horses, and rodents in S. japonicum INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Mainly by contact with contaminated water. Infective free-swimming larval forms (cercariae) penetrate directly through the skin INCUBATION PERIOD: 2-6 weeks after exposure COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person; infective person will release eggs in urine and feces; infective snails will release cercariae as long as they live (several weeks to 3 months) SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans, cats, dogs, cattle, horses, water buffalo, pigs, rodents ZOONOSIS: animals serve as reservoirs, possible role in the indirect spread of the disease VECTORS: Snails - Bulinus spp. for S. haematobium SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: All are sensitive to praziquantel, oxamniquine can be used for S. mansoni, and metrifonate can be used to treat S. japonicum SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: All infective stages are susceptible to 2% glutaraldehyde, 1% sodium hypochlorite: 70% ethanol will inactivate surface cercariae PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to freezing SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Not known SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by parasitologic examination of excrement or serological analysis FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: One case was documented up to 1987 SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Feces, biopsy specimens, urine
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; cercariae-containing droplet exposure to the skin or mucous membranes SPECIAL HAZARDS: Hand to mouth transfer of metacercariae following contact with contaminated aquatic vegetation SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for all activities involving the infective stages of the parasite and potentially infectious body tissues or fluids PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Travelers should avoid contact with bodies of fresh water in endemic areas SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the center; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: March, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2002-06-05 | ![]() |