Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Section 1. Introduction
1.1 Defining and Measuring Canada's Youth Population
1.2 Key Sources
Section 2. General Demographics and Trends
2.1 Canada's Youth
2.2 Provincial/Territorial Variations
2.3 Urban and Rural
2.4 Language
2.5 Living Arrangements of Youth
2.6 Young People Entering Into Home Ownership
2.7 Homeless Youth
Section 3. Education
3.1 High School Attendance
3.2 Youth Dropping Out of High School
3.2.1 Returning To School
3.3 Characteristics of High School Graduates and Dropouts
3.3.1 Returning To School
3.4 Post-secondary Education
3.5 University Enrolment
3.6 College and Trades Enrolment
3.7 Post-Secondary Completion
3.8 Access to Post-secondary Education
3.8.1 Financing PSE
Section 4. Employment
4.1 The School-to-Work Transition
4.2 Labour Force Participation
4.3 Employment and Unemployment
4.3.1 Student and Non-student Employment
4.3.2 Overall Youth Cohort Employment
4.3.3 Overall Youth Cohort Unemployment
4.3.4 Provincial Youth Employment Variations
4.3.5 Employment by Sector
4.4 Youth with Barriers
Section 5. Income
5.1 Presence of Income for Youth
5.2 Income Distribution
5.3 Education and Income
5.4 Low Income Youth
5.4.1 Low Income in Canada
Section 6. Health
6.1 Perceived Health of Youth
6.2 Self-Esteem
6.3 Life and Work Stress
6.4 Mortality Rates
6.5 Physical Activity
6.5.1 School-aged Youth
6.5.2 Youth at Risk
6.6 Smoking
6.6.1 Youth 15 to 19
6.6.2 Youth 20 to 24
6.7 Alcohol
6.8 Drug Use
6.9 Sexual Health and Behaviors
6.9.1 HIV/AIDS
6.9.2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
6.9.3 Teen Pregnancy
Section 7. Justice
7.1 Youth as Victims
7.2 Youth Crime
7.2.1 Violent Crime
7.2.2 Property Crime
7.2.3 Offences Against the Administration of Justice
7.2.4 Other Criminal Code Violations
7.3 Youth Court
7.4 Custody Admissions
7.4.1 Characteristics of Youth Offenders in Correctional Services
7.4.2 Use of Police Discretion and Alternative Measures
Section 8. Civic Participation
8.1 Voting
8.1.1 Trends in Youth Turnout
8.1.2 Factors Behind Declining Youth Turnout
8.1.3 Participation in Political Parties
8.2 Volunteering
8.3 Charitable Donations
Section 9. Disability
9.1 Forms of Disability
9.2 Education and Disabled Youth
9.3 Employment and Disabled Youth
Section 10. Aboriginal Youth
10.1 General Demographics
10.1.1 Birth Rate and Life Expectancy
10.1.2 Living Arrangements
10.1.3 Language
10.2 Education
10.2.1 Elementary and Secondary School Completion
10.2.2 Post Secondary Education
10.2.3 Completing School Later in Life
10.2.4 Aboriginal Teachers
10.3 Employment and Income
10.4 Health
10.5 Aboriginal Youth and the Justice System
10.5.1 Aboriginal Youth and Alternative Measures
10.5.2 Aboriginal Youth More Likely Remanded in Custody
10.5.3 Aboriginal Youth Over-represented in Sentenced Custody Admissions
Section 11. Immigrant Youth
11.1 Demographics
11.2 Language
11.3 Education
11.4 Employment and Income
11.5 Substance Abuse
Section 12. Youth and Service Preference
12.1 Perceptions of the Government of Canada
12.2 Communication with Youth
12.2.1 Awareness
12.2.2 Relevance
12.3 Reaching Youth Through Effective and Useful Communication
12.3.1 What Youth Want to Know
12.3.2 How Youth Want Information Communicated
12.3.3 Where Youth Find Information
12.4 Communicating Conclusions
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