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Psl-2
Substance |
Finding
under Cepa |
Sources of
Concern |
Current Management Status |
Acrolein  |
- toxic (64c) |
Outdoor air:
For the general population the contribution of ambient air to overall exposure is expected to be small compared to indoor air sources. Main source would be for populations residing near vehicular activity.
Indoor sources include tobacco smoke, building materials and furnishings, residential wood combustion, cooking, secondary formation. |
Strategy development underway |
| Acrylonitrile |
- toxic (64c) |
Air, principal medium of exposure. Main source is from the organic chemical manufacturing and plastics industries in southern Ontario and Quebec |
Strategy development underway |
| Acetaldehyde |
- toxic (64b&c) |
For the general population the contribution of ambient air to overall exposure is expected to be small compared to indoor air sources.
Enters the Canadian environment from natural sources (including forest and brush fires), from human sources such as fuel combustion and industrial on-site releases, and through secondary formation as a result of the atmospheric oxidation of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds.
Indoor sources include tobacco smoke, building materials and furnishings, residential wood combustion, cooking, secondary formation. |
Strategy development underway |
| Respirable Particulate Matter (PM 10) |
- toxic (64c) |
Particulate matter is ubiquitous, being emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The fine fraction of particulate matter and its precursor gases originate typically from combustion processes - motor vehicles, industrial processes and vegetative burning. The coarse fraction of PM10 is associated with mechanical processes, such as wind erosion, breaking ocean waves and grinding operations. |
Strategy development underway |
| 1,3-Butadiene |
- toxic (64b&c) |
Enters the Canadian environment from natural sources and from human sources such as fuel combustion and industrial on-site release.
Elevated levels in indoor air such as from environmental tobacco smoke. |
Strategy development underway |
| Ethylene Oxide |
draft recommendation
- toxic (64c) |
Not defined, due to limited monitoring data. Recommended that options to reduce exposure, particularly in vicinity of point sources(facilities manufacturing surfactants, medical and commercial sterilization facilities) be investigated. |
Final report not yet published |
| NDMA N-Nitroso dimethyl-amine |
draft recommendation
- toxic (64c) |
Industrial point sources, specific water treatment methods, and food sources. |
Strategy development underway |
| Nonylphenol and ethoxylates (NPE) |
draft recom
mendation
- toxic (64a) |
Primarily municipal waste water effluents, detergents/emulsifier used in textile, pulp&paper paint, oil and steel industries. Consumer products such as cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products. |
Strategy development underway |
| Hexachloro-butadiene (HCBD) |
draft recom
mendation
- toxic (64a) |
|
Final report not yet published |
| Ammonia in the Aquatic Environment |
draft recommendation
- toxic(64a; 64c
not determined) |
For the general population the contribution of ambient air to overall exposure is expected to be small compared to indoor air sources. Formaldehyde enters the Canadian environment from natural sources and from direct human sources, such as automotive and other fuel combustion and industrial on-site uses. Motor vehicles are the largest direct human source of formaldehyde in the Canadian environment.
Indoor sources include tobacco smoke, building materials and furnishings, residential wood combustion, cooking, secondary formation. |
Final report not yet published |
Glycol Ethers
2-methoxy ethanol
2-butoxy ethanol
2-ethoxy ethanol |
Draft recom
mendations
- toxic (64c)
- toxic (64c)
- not toxic |
2-Me:
various industrial and consumer uses. widely used as solvents in paints and protective coatings; printing inks, industrial solvents/ cleaners; production of plasti-cizers; de-icer in fuels and automotive brake fluids; electro-nics manufacturing.
2-Be:
produced and imported into Canada as component of formulations for consumer prod- UCS manufactured articles, and as a chemical processing aid.
2-Ee:
not produced in Canada. Used as component in formulated products. environmental releases are mainly atmospheric. Some sent to landfills and other waste disposal sites. |
Final report not yet published |
| Chloramines |
draft recommendation
- toxic
(64a; 64c not determined) |
Municipal waste water effluents, specific water treatment methods |
Final report not yet published |
| Textile Mill Effluents |
draft recommendation
- toxic
(64a; 64c not determined |
Primarily municipal waste water effluents used in textile, pulp&paper |
Strategy development underway |
| Copper and Zinc Smelters and Refineries |
- toxic
(64a&c)
- As
(inorganic) ->
- Cd
(inorganic)
Cr
(hexavalent)
- Ni (oxidic, sulphidic, soluble)
- PM 10 ->
-Pb ->
-SO2 -> |
Primary and secondary copper smelters and refineries and primary and secondary zinc smelters and refineries |
Strategy development underway |
| Road Salt |
draft recommendation
- toxic
(64a&b; 64c
not determined |
Winter uses on roads, highways, etc. |
Final report not yet published |
| Radionuclides |
draft recommendation
- toxic
(64a; 64c not determined |
Industrial sources |
Final report not yet published |
