Table 14: Model Program Elements
| Underlying Principles of Treatment (All Components) |
- Menu of options (Finkelstein et al. 1997)
- Menu of approaches (Office of Reed, 1987; Zandowski, 1987; Drabble, 1996; Nelson- Zlupko et al. 1996; the U. S. National Drug Control Policy, 1996; Swift and Copeland, 1996; Finkelstein et al., 1997)
- Harm reduction model (Creamer and McMurtrie, 1998; Lightfoot et al., 1996b)
- Holistic (Covington, 1998; Creamer and McMurtrie, 1998)
- Addresses practical needs (Booth et al., 1992; Schleibner, 1994; Nelson- Zlupko et al., 1996; Swift and Copeland, 1996)
- Gender specific (Dahlgren and Willander, 1989; Copeland and Hall, 1992; Jarvis, 1992; Schleibner, 1994; Nelson- Zlupko et al., 1996; Swift and Copeland, 1996; Finkelstein et al., 1997)
- Supports connections between women (Covington, 1998)
- Supportive, collaborative, non- hierarchical (Finkelstein et al., 1997; Covington, 1998)
- Based on empowerment model (Schliebner, 1994; Strantz and Welch, 1995; Drabble, 1996; Finkelstein et al., 1997; Creamer and McMurtrie, 1998)
- Respectful (Kasl, 1995)
- Client driven (Mattson and Allen in Waltman, 1995; Finkelstein et al., 1997; Creamer and McMurtrie, 1998)
- Supports client education and awareness
- Based on strengths, not deficits (Finkelstein, 1993)
- Uses feminist approach (see gender specific above and empowerment) |
General Component of
Treatment |
Program Accessibility |
Principles of Treatment |
Approach and Methods |
Outreach |
| Client Contact and Engagement |
- Multidimensional
publicity strategy
- Broad outreach for publicity (multiple
venues)
- Focus on
confidentiality
- Publicize range of treatment options
- Range of ormats
- Toll- free line
- Mother’s needs
emphasized
(Finkelstein et al., 1997)
- Solution focussed
- Flexible and open treatment entry (Waltman, 1995; Grella,
1996)
- Timely and structurally
accessible treatment
(Waltman, 1995; Swift and Copeland, 1996;
Grella, 1996) |
- Women centred
(Schliebner, 1994; Swift
and Copeland, 1996;
Finkelstein et al., 1997;
Covington, 1998a and b)
- Culturally appropriate
(Ja and Aoki, 1993)
- Realistic objectives
- Women’s empowerment
approach (Finkelstein et
al., 1997; Creamer and
McMurtrie, 1998) |
- Menu of options
(Schliebner, 1994; Swift
and Copeland, 1996;
Finkelstein et al., 1997;
Covington, 1998a and b)
- Offer practical (life)
supports (Booth et al.,
1992; Nelson- Zlupko et
al., 1996; Swift and
Copeland, 1996) |
-Collaborative approach
with physicians
(Thom, 1986; Smith,
1992; Allen, 1994)
- Linkages with other
community agencies
(Smith, 1992; Allen,
1994)
- Direct (street) outreach
to clients (Booth et al.,
1992; Finkelstein et al.,
1997) |
General Component
of Treatment |
Program
Accessibility |
Principles of
Treatment |
Approach and Methods |
Outreach |
Family |
Treatment
Approaches and
Methods |
|
|
- Educational approaches
(health, healthy
relationships and nutrition)
(Drabble, 1996)
- Nutritional education
- Individualized
multi- dimensional approach
to eating disorders
- Exposure to alternative
therapies (see Menu of
Approaches)
- Psycho- bio- social approach
- Relational model
(Zankowski, 1987; Covington,
1999)
- Practical skill- building
approach (Zankowski, 1987;
Adam et al., 1999)
- Focus on experiential
learning
- Provisions of services for
children (see Menu of
Approaches) and
understanding
- Acceptance of relapse
- Cognitive- behavioural
approach (Eliany and Rush,
1992)
- Post- treatment support
(Office of the U. S. National
Drug Control Policy, 1996) |
- Referral to
specialists (see
Menu of Approaches)
- Specialists on staff
- Build post- treatment
community support
(Office of the U. S.
National Drug Control
Policy, 1996) |
- Couples work and
family therapy
(Zankowski, 1987;
Smith, 1992;
Schliebner, 1994;
Nelson- Zlupko, 1996)
- Exploration of
parenting styles |
General
Component of
Treatment |
Program
Accessibility |
Principles of
Treatment |
Approach and Methods |
Outreach |
Staff/ Client
Relations |
Family |
Retention in
Treatment (many
themes repeated
above) |
|
- Client- centred and
individualized (see
above)
- Relapse not
defining point in
treatment (see
above)
- Menu of options
(see above) |
- Flexibility at entry (see
above)
- Women’s
empowerment model
(see above)
- Practical issues (see
above)
- Gender specific (see
above)
- Client treatment
matching
- Discharge planned in
advance |
|
- Staff
respectful and
egalitarian
- Staff
encourages
continual
feedback |
- Needs of
children
considered
priority (Swift
and Copeland,
1996)
- Treatment
provided in
the context of
relationships
(see above) |
Treatment
Organization
and Duration |
|
- Continuum of
services to meet
client need
(Waltman, 1995;
Office of the U. S.
National Drug
Control Policy, 1996;
Finkelstein et al.,
1997; Creamer and
McMurtrie, 1998) |
- Out- patient preferable
structure
- In- patient best for
high- need groups
(Kissin in Finney, 1996)
- Gender specific
treatment see above
under gender specific)
- Well- planned co- ed
involvement
- 5- week duration
(residential) Miller and
Kessler in Eliany and
Rush, 1992
- Out- patient 3 -6
months (Gerstein and
Harwood in Simpson
et al., 1997) |
|
|
|
General
Component of
Treatment |
Program
Accessibility |
Principles of
Treatment |
Approach and Methods |
Outreach |
Staff/ Client
Relations |
Family |
Adjunctive
Services
Required |
|
|
Services required: (See Menu of
Options above)
- Vocational/ education
- Mental health services
- Health services (physical
health)
- Counselling/ training/ education
related to parenting;
- Connections to social services
and family support
- Child care services
- Housing;
- Financial support (see Menu of
Services above) |
|
|
|
Organization of
Adjunctive
Services |
|
|
- Collaborative approach
(information sharing, common
purpose, established referral
networks (Booth et al., 1992;
Waltman, 1995; Laken, 1996;
Finkelstein et al., 1997)
- Agency provides some
services in- house
- All services co- located
- Empower clients to use
services (Booth et al., 1992) |
|
|
|
|
