|
|
|
Table 3.1:
Regional Supply of LFO
(Source: Statistics Canada publication 45-004 - 1999)
| LFO |
Volume (m3) |
| |
Production |
Exports |
Imports |
Sales |
Refinery Consumption |
| Atlantic |
4,634,456
|
3,212,567
|
10,173
|
1,549,467
|
2,275
|
| Quebec |
2,080,480
|
343,677
|
20,814
|
1,723,545
|
404
|
| Ontario |
1,155,023
|
173,560
|
14,200
|
1,262,197
|
15,033
|
| Alberta |
84,217
|
-
|
-
|
34,643
|
-
|
| Rest |
300,950
|
16,261
|
11,539
|
325,541
|
175
|
| CANADA |
8,255,126
|
3,746,065
|
56,726
|
4,895,393
|
17,887
|
| Percent breakdown |
| Atlantic |
56% |
86% |
18% |
32% |
13% |
| Quebec |
25% |
9% |
37% |
35% |
2% |
| Ontario |
14% |
5% |
25% |
26% |
84% |
| Alberta |
1% |
0% |
0% |
1% |
0% |
| Rest |
4% |
0% |
20% |
7% |
1% |
| CANADA |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
Return
Table 3.2:
Sources of Imported LFO
(Source: Revenue (Customs) Canada - 1998)
| Country |
Light Fuel Oil |
| |
Atlantic |
Quebec |
Ontario |
Prairies |
B.C. |
Yukon |
NWT/Nun. |
CANADA |
Percent |
| UNITED STATES |
36,028
|
0.1
|
622
|
0.2
|
11,927
|
7,751
|
-
|
56,329
|
93% |
| US Virgin Islands |
32,597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,597
|
54% |
| Washington |
|
|
|
|
7,949
|
|
|
7,949
|
13% |
| Arkansas |
|
|
|
|
3
|
7,751
|
|
7,754
|
13% |
| Arizona |
|
|
|
|
3,974
|
|
|
3,974
|
7% |
| Maine |
2,812
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,812
|
5% |
| Louisiana |
619
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
619
|
1% |
| Wisconsin |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
|
299 |
0% |
| Michigan |
|
0.019
|
223
|
|
|
|
|
223
|
0% |
| Texas |
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
|
69
|
0% |
| Other |
0.02
|
0.1
|
31
|
0.2
|
0.8
|
|
|
32
|
0% |
| NON-US |
-
|
4,180
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4,180
|
7% |
| Neth. Antilles |
|
4,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,180
|
7% |
| Other |
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
0% |
| TOTAL |
36,028
|
4,180
|
622
|
0.2
|
11,927
|
7,751
|
-
|
60,509
|
100% |
Note: only 1998 data available only
Return
Table 3.3:
Contribution of Imports: Percent of Demand
(Source: Statistics Canada publication 45-004 for 1998 & 1999)
| Region |
Percent of LFO demand in 1998 |
Percent of LFO demand in 1999 |
| Atlantic |
0.2 |
0.7 |
| Quebec |
< 0.1 |
1.2 |
| Ontario |
0.4 |
1.1 |
| Alberta |
< 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
| Rest |
4.8 |
3.5 |
| CANADA |
0.4 |
1.2 |
Return
Table 3.4:
Destination of Exported Light Fuel Oil (1998)
(Source: Statistics Canada, special request)
| Country of destination |
Quantity (m3) |
Percent of total |
| United States |
2,946,279 |
94% |
| Brazil |
122,565 |
4% |
| Ghana |
37,505 |
1% |
| Ecuador |
33,217 |
1% |
| St. Pierre & Miq. |
4,276 |
0.1% |
| Sudan |
60 |
0.002% |
| Cuba |
13 |
0.0004% |
| Total |
3,143,916 |
100% |
Return
Table 3.5:
Regulations on Sulphur in LFO
| Jurisdiction |
Sulphur Max.
(% wt.) |
Regulation |
Notes |
| CANADA |
| Canada - Federal |
- |
None |
|
| CGSB (voluntary) |
0.5 |
CAN/CGSB-3.2-M99 |
Type 0 = 0.3% wt.; Types 1 and 2 = 0.5% wt. |
| New Brunswick |
0.5 |
Air Quality (83-208 / am. 1995) |
|
| Ontario |
0.5 |
Sulphur Content of Fuels (361-90) |
Only applies in Metro Toronto |
| Quebec |
0.5 |
Petroleum Products (753-91) |
Type 00 = 0.2% wt. |
| US |
| US Federal |
- |
None |
|
| Connecticut |
0.3 |
Section 16a-21a |
|
| Delaware |
0.3 |
SO2 Emissions from
Fuel Burning Equipment (8) |
|
| Massachusetts |
0.3 |
310 CMR 7.05 |
|
| New Hampshire |
0.4% |
Chapter Enf - A 401 |
|
| New York |
0.2-1.5 |
Fuel Composition and Use (ch. III, subpart 225.1) |
Dependent on region; 0.2% wt. in NYC |
| Texas |
0.3 |
Environmental Quality (30 part I, ss. 112.9) |
Only in Harris & Jefferson counties; Eff 1993 |
| EUROPE |
| European Union |
0.2 |
Sulphur Content of Certain Liquid Fuels (93/12/EEC) |
Eff. 1994 |
| European Union
(2008)
|
0.1 |
Sulphur Content of Certain Liquid Fuels (1999/32/EC) |
Eff. 2008; option for 0.2% for Spain, Portugal and
Greece |
| Austria |
0.1 |
|
current limit |
| Denmark |
- |
|
graduated tax |
| Finland |
0.1 |
|
current limit |
| Sweden |
- |
|
tax on sulphur in fuel |
Return
Table 3.6:
Expected Reductions in SO2 Emissions from LFO
for Selected Sulphur Limits
(based on 1999 data)
| Region |
Current Mass
of SO2 * (tonnes/year)
|
Average Sulphur
Level (% wt.) |
Possible Limit
(% wt.) |
Assumed Average
Sulphur Level (% wt.) |
New Mass of
SO2 (tonnes/year) |
Reduction in
SO2 emissions (tonnes/year)
|
| Limit =2000
ppm (same as current European Union limit) |
| Atlantic |
3,140 |
0.132% |
0.20% |
0.150% |
3,568 |
- 428 |
| Quebec |
6,944 |
0.252% |
0.20% |
0.150% |
4,133 |
2,811 |
| Ontario |
4,864 |
0.223% |
0.20% |
0.150% |
3,272 |
1,592 |
| Prairies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| B.C. |
124 |
0.177% |
0.20% |
0.150% |
124 |
- |
| CANADA |
15,072 |
0.203% |
0.20% |
0.150% |
11,097 |
3,975 |
| Limit = 1500
ppm |
| Atlantic |
3,140 |
0.132% |
0.15% |
0.113% |
2,676 |
464 |
| Quebec |
6,944 |
0.252% |
0.15% |
0.113% |
3,100 |
3,844 |
| Ontario |
4,864 |
0.223% |
0.15% |
0.113% |
2,454 |
2,410 |
| Prairies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| B.C. |
124 |
0.177% |
0.15% |
0.113% |
124 |
- |
| CANADA |
15,072 |
0.223% |
0.15% |
0.113% |
8,354 |
6,718 |
| Limit = 1000
ppm (same as European Union's 2008 limit) |
| Atlantic |
3,140 |
0.132% |
0.10% |
0.075% |
1,784 |
1,356 |
| Quebec |
6,944 |
0.252% |
0.10% |
0.075% |
2,067 |
4,877 |
| Ontario |
4,864 |
0.223% |
0.10% |
0.075% |
1,636 |
3,228 |
| Prairies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| B.C. |
124 |
0.177% |
0.10% |
0.075% |
124 |
- |
| CANADA |
15,072 |
0.223% |
0.10% |
0.075% |
5,611 |
9,461 |
| Limit = 500
ppm (same as current on-road diesel limit) |
| Atlantic |
3,140 |
0.132% |
0.05% |
0.038% |
892 |
2,248 |
| Quebec |
6,944 |
0.252% |
0.05% |
0.038% |
1,033 |
5,911 |
| Ontario |
4,864 |
0.223% |
0.05% |
0.038% |
818 |
4,046 |
| Prairies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| B.C. |
124 |
0.177% |
0.05% |
0.038% |
26 |
98 |
| CANADA |
15,072 |
0.223% |
0.05% |
0.038% |
2,770 |
12,302 |
Notes:
Assumed average sulphur level is 80% of regulated limit
HFO totals include HFO used for refinery consumption
Assuming all sulphur converted to SO2 (and none to SO4) then mass of SO2 = 2
x mass of sulphur
Source: Environment Canada, Sulphur in Liquid Fuels - 1999
Return
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