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Photo Archive
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Chickenpox
Measles
Pertussis
Rubella
Chickenpox |
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Typically,
the chickenpox rash appears in successive crops of lesions which progress
rapidly from macules to papules and finally to scabs; clinical presentation
aften includes a mix of the different types of lesions.
Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. |
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Measles |
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Red, watery, puffy eyes seen in the
prodromal (early) stage of measles during which the child develops
a flu-like illness with fever, runny nose, conjunctivitis, cough and
malaise. The prodromal stage starts about 10 to 12 days after exposure
to the virus and lasts about 2 to 4 days. The measles rash is just
slightly apparent as a fine granular eruption on the forehead and
hairline of this child. |
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During the early flu-like stage of
measles, white or greyish spots called Koplik spots, appear on the
inner lining of the mouth. These spots look like small grains of sand
with a reddish base and they are peculiar to measles. Typically, they
appear about 1 to 2 days before the rash and fade rapidly, usually
within a day. |
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The measles rash starts about 14
days after exposure to the virus as a fine, flat or slightly raised
(macular or maculopapular) rash behind the ears, on the face and neck
and spreads over a 3 to 4 day period. The rash becomes confluent as
it progresses and initially blanches with pressure but later changes
to a brownish, non-blanching appearance. As seen in this child, the
rash starts to fade on the face even as it continues to spread to
the upper body and abdomen. The early-onset signs of a flu-like illness
are still evident in this child.
Photo by courtesy of Dr. J.H. Victor Marchessault |
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Children with measles are often ill-looking,
miserable and irritable. The typical red blotchy rash seen at the
peak of measles infection is seen in this child. About 14 days after
exposure to the virus, the measles rash starts as a fine, flat or
slightly raised (macular or maculopapular) rash behind the ears, on
the face and neck and spreads to the upper body and abdomen over a
3 to 4 day period. The rash becomes confluent as it progresses; in
severe cases, the rash is more confluent and extensive. |
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Typical red blotchy appearance of
measles rash at its peak. Children with measles are often ill-looking
and miserable. The early signs of measles start approximately 10-12
days after exposure to the virus and consist of a runny nose with
fever, red and puffy eyes (indicating inflammation of the conjunctiva),
cough and malaise. During this early stage, white or greyish spots,
which look like small grains of sand with a reddish base also develop
on the inner lining of the mouth; these Koplik spots are peculiar
to measles. |
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Generalized measles rash which is
starting to clear on the face. The rash typically clears in the order
of appearance, starting from the head (face, neck, behind the ears)
and progressing to the body and limbs. At this late stage, the child
still looks ill and miserable with inflamed, puffy eyes. |
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Brown, dusky appearance of measles
rash at late stage of illness. As the rash clears, there is usually
a slight desquamation or peeling of the skin. The rash typically clears
in the order of appearance, starting from the head (face, neck, behind
the ears) and progressing to the body and limbs. |
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Appearance of measles rash in a dark-skinned
child. The red, blotchy appearance of a measles rash is not apparent
in darker people but the skin looks granular in the early stage. The
slight desquamation or peeling of the skin which occurs as the rash
clears can be seen on the face and upper body of this child.
Photo by courtesy of Dr. Adwoa Bentsi-Enchill. |
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Appearance of measles rash in a dark-skinned
child; the rash can only be seen as a fine granular eruption. In darker
people the red blotchy appearance of the measles rash is not seen.
The early signs appear the same, including Koplik spots which appear
as granular white or greyish spots with a reddish base on the inner
lining of the mouth during the early stage.
Photo by courtesy of Dr. Adwoa Bentsi-Enchill. |
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Measles is generally more severe
in adults and infants than in older children. In Canada, persons born
before 1957 (when the measles vaccine was introduced) are usually
considered to have had measles in childhood and therefore, to be protected
from further clinical measles. This case was recorded during the investigation
of a measles outbreak in the Baffin Region of the North West Territories
in 1991 (For report of outbreak investigation, see CCDR 1991;17(42):225-228). |
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Dusky, brown rash as seen in late
stage of measles, already clearing from the upper body and abdomen.
The rash typically clears in the order of appearance, starting from
the head (face, neck, behind the ears) and progressing to the body
and limbs, and may be followed by some desquamation or peeling of
the skin. |
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Like most children who have measles,
this child looks ill and miserable. The rash starts about 14 days
after exposure to the virus as a fine, flat or slightly raised (macular
or maculopapular) rash and becomes confluent as it progresses, giving
it this red, blotchy appearance at its peak. In mild cases the rash
tends not to be confluent while in severe cases the rash is more confluent
and the skin may be completely covered. |
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Measles rash in an adolescent
Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,
Georgia, U.S.A. |
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Promotional material supplied
by Health Canada for the 1996 Supplementary Measles Catch-Up campaigns
and the implementation of routine two-dose measles vaccination. As
the poster states, "It takes two doses of red measles vaccine
to be better protected." Parents are advised to let their children
"Get that second dose!" |
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Pertussis |
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Child with pertussis - coughing spasms
with a "whooping" sound that follows the cough are typical.
Courtesy of the World Health Organization and the Immunization Action
Coalition (USA) |
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Rubella |
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Generalized rubella rash. The diffuse
maculopapular rash can be difficult to differentiate from a measles
rash and may occur in other viral infections.
Courtesy of Dr. Noni MacDonald |
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X-ray of the lower limbs in a newborn
with congenital rubella syndrome. The ends of the long bones are ragged
and streaky in appearance (the so-called "celery stalk" metaphysical
changes), due to active rubella infection in the bone.
Courtesy of Dr. Theresa Tam. |
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[Update: Vaccine-Preventable
Diseases]
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