A List of the Seventeen Studies and Publications Submitted by the European Commission in Relation to Hormonal Growth Promoters Used in Beef Cattle

1. Presence of Estrogen in Meat (delivery of samples)

No publications to be reviewed.

2. Hormones as Growth Promoters: Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Zeranol &Trenbolone

"Genotoxic potential of xenobiotic growth promoters and their metabolites"
(APMIS 109:89-95, 2001)

3. Metabolic Pathways of Estrogens as Steroidal Growth Promoting Agents

"Estrogenic activity of estradiol and its metabolites in the ER-CALUX assay with human T47D breast cells"
(APMIS 109: 101-107, 2001)

4. Metabolites of Melengestrol Acetate, Trenbolone Acetate & Zeranol in Bovine & Humans

"Metabolism of melengestrol acetate and trenbolone";
(publication foreseen )

5. Application of Anabolic Agents to Food-producing Animals - Health Risks Through Disregard of Requirements of Good Veterinary Practice

1)"Detection of melengestrol acetate residues in plasma and edible tissues of heifers"
(The Veterinary Quarterly 21: 154-158, 1999 )

2) "Detection of anabolic residues in misplaced implantation sites in cattle"
(Journal of AOAC International 83(4); 809-819, 2000)

3) "Suppression of androstenone in entire male pigs by anabolic preparations"
(Livestock Production Science- 69: 139-144, 2001)

4) "A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of Melengestrol acetate (MGA) in adiposeand muscle tissues"
(Food Additives and Contaminants 18(4):285-291, 2001)

5) "Characterisation of the affinity of different anabolics and synthetic hormones to the human androgen receptor, human sex hormone binding globulin and to the bovine progestin receptor"
(APMIS 108: 838-846, 2000)

6) "Dose-dependent effects of melengestrol acetate (MGA) on plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in cycling heifers and influences on oestrogen residues in edible tissues"
(APMIS 108: 847-854, 2000)

7) "Hormone contents in peripheral tissues after correct and off-label use of growth promoting hormones in cattle: Effect of the implant preparations Finaplix-H^®, Ralgro^®, Synovex-H^® and Synovex Plus^®"
(APMIS 109: 53-65, 2001)

8) "Tissue-specific expression pattern of estrogen receptors (ER): Quantification of Erα and ERβ mRNA with real-time RT-PCR"
(APMIS 109: 345-355, 2001)

6. Analysis of 500 Samples for the ppresence of Growth Promoters

"Hormones found in meat samples from regular controls within the EU and from US imports"
(Chemical awareness; issue 9, July5th 2000)

7. Analysis of 500 Samples for the Presence of Growth Promoters

1) "Ultra trace detection of a wide range of anabolic steroids in meat by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry"
(Journal of Chromatography A, 867: 219-233, 2000)

2) "Le contrôle des anabolisants dans la viande"
(The survey of anabolic agents in meat)
(Annales de Toxicologie Analytique, vol.XII, no.1,2000)

8. Comparison of Assay Methods

1) "Frequency and molecular analysis of hprt mutations induced by estradiol in Chinese hamster V79 cells"
(International Journal of Oncology 17:1141-1149, 2000)

2) "Estrogens as endogenous genotoxic agents-DNA adducts and mutations"
(Monographs, JNCI 27: 75-93, 2000)

3) "Tissue-specific synthesis and oxidative metabolism of estrogens"
(Monographs, JNCI 27: 95-112, 2000)

4) "Induction of uterine adenocarcinoma in CD-1 mice by catechol estrogens"
(Cancer Research 60: 235-237, January 15, 2000 )

5) "Genotoxicity of the steroidal estrogens estrone and estradiol: possible mechanism of uterine and mammary cancer development"
(Human Reproduction Update, 7 (3): 273-281,2001)

9. Bioassay of Estrogenic/Anti-Estrogenic Compounds

"Assessment of oestrogenic potency of chemicals used as growth promoter by in-vitro methods"
(Human Reproduction 16: 1030-1036, 2001)

10. Interaction of Xenobiotics with Sex Hormone Binding Globulin: Impact on Endogenous Steroid Transport, Bioavailability, Mechanism of Action

(The scientist has not yet indicated the name of journal and publication date.)

11. Reproductive Sequelae of Developmental Exposure of Rabbits to Trenbolone, Zeranol & MGA; Emphasis on Differential & Neoplastic transformation of Germ Cells

(Publication was anticipated by the end 2001 - not yet available.)

12. Long Term Effects in Children to estrogenized Meat

"Accidental gynecomastia in children"
(APMIS 109(suppl.103): 203-209, 2001)

13. Androgen Exposures in Utero, Risk of Breast Cancer

"A study of opposite-sexed twins"
(Journal of The National Cancer Institute, JNCI, volume 93, issue 1;60-62, 3.1.2001)

14. Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Anabolic Steroids Used in Cattle

1) "Characterisation of the affinity of different anabolics and synthetic hormones to the human androgen receptor, human sex hormone binding globulin and the bovine progestin receptor"
(APMIS 108: 838-846, 2000)

2) "The fate of trenbolone acetate and melengestrol acetate after application as growth promotants in cattle - environmental studies"
(Environmental Health Perspectives- in preparation)

15. Screening Water Samples for Estrogenic & Androgenic Anabolic Chemicals

scientist has not yet indicated name of journal and publication date.
Some results can be found in APMIS 109(suppl.103): 551-556, 2001

General discussion on "Existing guidelines for the use of meat hormones and other food additives in Europe and USA "

16. Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Cattle Farm Effluent on Environmental Sentinel Species

"A re-examination of variation associated with environmentally stressed organisms"
(Human Reproduction update vol.7 (no.3): 265-272, 2001)

17. Human Cells Exposed to the Estrogenic Compound Zeranol

"Oestrogenic potencies of zeranol, oestradiol, diethylstilboestrol, Bishpenol-A, and genistein: Implications for exposure assessment of potential endocrine disrupters"
(Human Reproduction 16: 1037-1045, 2001)

Other publications in relation to the subject:

Intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol: long-term effects in humans
(APMIS 108: 793-804, 2000)

Getting the problem of endocrine disruption into focus: the need for a pause for thought
(APMIS 108: 805-13, 2000)

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: standardisation of a marker of estrogenic exposure in adipose tissue
(APMIS vol.109:issue 3, 2001)

Threshold analysis of selected dose-response for endocrine active chemicals
(APMIS vol.109:issue 3, 2001)

Biochemistry and physiology of anabolic hormones used for improvement of meat production
(APMIS 109; 1-8, 2001)

Possible health impact of phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens in food
(APMIS vol.109:161 84; 2001)

Possible health impact of animal oestrogens in food
(Human Reproduction Update, vol.7, no.3 pp. 340-355, 2001

Assessment of estradiol and its metabolites in meat
(APMIS 109: 32-8, 2001)

Hormones in meat: different approaches in the EU and in the USA
(APMIS 109, suppl. 103, 357-64, 2001)

Hormones and Endocrine Disrupters in Food and Water: Possible Impact on Human Health

(Forty-three peer-reviewed papers and discussions from an international workshop held at the University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark, May 27- 30, 2000 (Reprints of APMIS, Supplementum no. 103, vol 109, 2001) )

Endnotes:

APMIS - Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavia
AOAC - Scientific Association Dedicated To Analytical Excellence
JNCI - Journal of the National Cancer Institute