Food > Meat and Poultry Products > Manual of Procedures > Chapter 19 CHAPTER 19 ANNEX A: PRESENTATION STANDARDSTABLE OF CONTENTS
A.1 Traditional Presentation StandardA.1.1 IntroductionThis traditional presentation standard is to be used for the presentation of carcasses and viscera under the Traditional method of inspection. Consistent postmortem presentation is a must in order to ensure optimal inspection efficiency for all classes of poultry. Therefore, carcasses presented for postmortem inspection shall be hung in such a way so as to facilitate the examination of the external surfaces, the internal cavity, the internal organs and the viscera. This standard is provided to assist the operator in applying and maintaining reasonable and achievable standards for presentation . It provides an objective means of monitoring and assessing the acceptability of carcass presentation for inspection. It will also provide a tool to create more uniform presentation nationwide. While testing of these standards is designed for the inspection team, the standards may also be used by the operator as a guide to develop quality control for presentation. A.1.2 General RequirementsIt should be understood that the presentation standard does not require a specific number of plant employee presenters. Instead it establishes a standard of consistent presentation which must be met. A.1.2.1 Operators Responsibilities The operator is responsible for providing consistently adequate presentation of carcasses for inspection. Therefore the operator must:
A.1.2.2 CFIA responsibilities The inspection staff monitor presentation compliance by performing presentation tests at each inspection station and on each evisceration line and take appropriate action when the presentation standards are not met. The inspectors must:
A.1.3 Defects associated with improper presentationA.1.3.1 Defects monitored by the presentation standard A.1.3.1.1 Outside carcass errors
A.1.3.1.2 Inside carcass errors
A.1.3.1.3 Line speed Each carcass per minute exceeding the current maximum equals one error with a weight of 5. A.1.3.2 Other defects controlled by the HACCP System The following categories of carcasses will be signalled for hang-back by the inspector and be hung back by the inspectors helper. They shall be controlled by the operator as part of the establishments written HACCP system which specifies how the operator shall assure that hung-back carcasses are handled promptly and hygienically. No error will be recorded on a presentation check for:
Hung-back carcasses shall not be allowed to accumulate on the rack and shall be identified and separated from carcasses hung back on the rack for the salvage of portions. The dressing errors shall be corrected as quickly as possible and the carcass returned to the evisceration line to prevent product deterioration. A.1.4 Presentation monitoring by CFIA personnelA.1.4.1 Sampling method Each test (random tests and retests) consists of two separate 10 carcass observations, one for outside errors and the second for inside errors. The sampling must be done at constant intervals, e.g., every fifth carcass, every third carcass, etc. To avoid sample bias, randomly select a carcass by picking one, then count a predetermined number of carcasses, e.g., third one, and then examine this carcass and corresponding viscera. This carcass shall be the first one of the sample. Repeat the procedure for each subsequent carcass until the required number are examined. The outside of 10 carcasses per station will be checked for any of the listed outside errors. This test will be conducted off-line with the person conducting the test standing behind and between the presenter and the inspector. Each error observed will be recorded on the Traditional Presentation form included in Annex F. Then at the same station, but with the person doing the test standing on line between the presenter and the inspector, 10 additional carcasses will be observed for listed inside errors. Each error observed will be recorded on the Traditional Presentation form included in Annex F. The last part of all checks is the line speed check. The outside and inside errors are converted to a weighted score, and added to any line speed error to determine the total nonconformance for each inspection station. A.1.4.2 Sampling frequency The frequency of presentation checks on each eviscerating line should be based on the operators ability to control its presentation. Twice per 8 hour shift is a suggested frequency; this can be reduced with growing confidence in the operational compliance. The frequency can also be increased with loss of confidence. The minimum frequency rate for any station should be once per 8 hour shift. A.1.4.3 Aggregate results and actions required During a random sampling:
During a retest:
When three consecutive line speed reductions for presentation nonconformance on one line do not result in acceptable presentation on that line, the VIC must:
A.1.4.4 Records Because of shift to shift and day to day differences in plant staffing and supervision, the presentation results of each shift and each production day will be independent of all other presentation results. There will be a new presentation form and a new start for each station, each shift and each production day. An example Traditional Presentation Standard monitoring form is available in Annex F of this chapter. A.1.5 Traditional Presentation Standard Monitoring Decision TreeEach line/Station - Measured 2/shift
A.2 Presentation Standard for the CPIP or MPIP Inspection SystemA.2.1 IntroductionThis standard is applicable to the CPIP and MPIP methods of poultry inspection. Presentation standards aid accredited cavity and viscera defect detectors to carry out their responsibilities in compliance with defect detection standards by ensuring that carcasses and corresponding viscera are presented in a uniform and consistent manner. Presentation standards are also designed to ensure that evidence of disease is not lost (e.g. missing viscera) nor hidden (e.g. inadequate abdominal opening) during visual examination by the defect detectors. Effective control by the operator over the presentation of carcasses and viscera reduces the verification frequency and corrective actions by inspection personnel. Additionally, industry employees must be empowered to take immediate action whenever they notice a potential loss of control. This includes loss of presentation control e.g. excessive missing viscera. A.2.2 General RequirementsPresentation standards are applicable to all types of evisceration procedures regardless of the technology used, i.e. whether manual evisceration or automated evisceration equipment leaves the viscera either attached or physically separated from the corresponding carcass. An operator may incorporate or shall reference this ISO-based standard in the establishments HACCP system. The operator may develop their own presentation standard, in which case it shall, be comprised of the following minimum criteria:
Presentation monitoring tests are performed on each evisceration at a presentation test station is located after evisceration and prior to viscera detection. Carcasses correctly identified by the cavity defect detectors for removal by the helper/trimmer shall not be included in the sampling for the presentation tests. All industry employees performing presentation tests shall be trained and accredited as per the Training and Accreditation Protocol. A.2.3 Defects Related to Improper PresentionA.2.3.1 Defects to be monitored by Presentation Standard During presentation monitoring, the following three defects shall be counted as presentation errors. These defects are described in sub section 5.1. and included within the AQL for presentation tests:
A.2.3.2 Other Defects to be controlled by HACCP System The following six defects (1 to 6) shall not be included as errors as part of the presentation tests and are not included in the AQL for the presentation tests. Rather, they shall be controlled as part of the establishments HACCP system.
* Water sprays are only allowed within a "recognized HACCP system". Refer Chapter 19 of this manual for more information on the requirements for the use of water sprays. Carcasses with presentation defects (1) to (3) shall be removed from the line (before or by the helper/trimmer) for verification of cavity and viscera defects. They shall be identified and kept separate from carcasses for salvaging and not be allowed to unduly accumulate on racks. Errors shall be corrected as quickly as possible, and the carcasses rehung on the line in order not to compromise product safety due to bacterial multiplication. If not, they shall be condemned as "plant rejects". Refer to Chapter19 of this manual for more information on "plant rejects". A.2.4 Presentation Standard MonitoringA.2.4.1 Description of Presentation Errors The following is a description of presentation errors for all methods of evisceration (e.g., manual or automatic), and all types of evisceration equipment regardless of whether the viscera remains attached or is completely removed from the carcass:
A.2.4.2 Testing Frequencies The frequency of monitoring and verification tests on each eviscerating line shall be based on the establishment's ability to maintain uniform carcass presentation. This frequency may be reduced when there is confidence in the establishment's presentation control, or it shall be increased when this confidence has been lost, according to section 6 , Presentation Standards Decision Tree For Chickens, Fowl & Turkeys, as follows:
A.2.4.3 Sampling Procedure The sampling must be done at constant intervals, e.g., every fifth carcass, every third carcass, etc. To avoid sample bias, randomly select a carcass by picking one, then count a predetermined number of carcasses, e.g., third one, and then examine this carcass and corresponding viscera. This carcass shall be the first one of the sample. Repeat the procedure for each subsequent carcass until the required number are examined. The last step consists of checking the line speed. The total of error incidences is the score for that inspection station and eviscerating line. A.2.4.4 Sample Size and acceptance / rejection criteria The sample size and the applicable accept and reject numbers shall be governed by the line speed range as shown in the following table. The Inspection Levels, (Normal, Reduced and Tightened) shall be governed the test score and the applicable switching rule as illustrated by the Decision Tree in Section 6.
cpm: carcasses per minute * H, J & K are sample size code letters from the publication Statistical Aspects of Food Quality Assurance by Subhash C. Puri, Agriculture Canada Original source: ISO/2859-1, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, Geneva. ** no line speed maximum provided operating in compliance with MPIP requirements N.B. If the total of missing viscera reaches half of the rejection number, the VIC shall determine if the defects are significant considering the pathology associated with the specific flock; or there has been 3 consecutive corrective actions without regaining presentation control. A.2.4.5 Corrective Actions Management has the responsibility to implement timely and effective corrective actions immediately following each presentation test indicating that the number of presentation defects has reached or exceeded the reject number. In each case, they must inform CFIA personnel and must conduct an investigation to determine the probable cause to help decide on the best course of corrective action. Corrective actions implemented by the operator commonly include one or more of the following:
A retest shall be done within 10 minutes of each failed test in order to evaluate the corrective action(s) implemented. If a line speed reduction is chosen as the corrective action by the operator or is enforced by CFIA Staff, then retests must be done 10 minutes after each line speed decrease or increase. Immediately following a failed presentation test at the tightened inspection level (box #10, decision tree, sub section 6), the presentation standards monitor shall notify the designated representative of the establishment operator and the inspector shall brief the VIC. An automatic line speed reduction of 10% shall be implemented if a line speed reduction was not included as a corrective action following previous failed If the corrective action taken by the operator fails to reduce the number of nonconformances, then the operator and the VIC, shall assess if the line speed should be returned to the normal speed or if another 10% line speed reduction is warranted. If three consecutive tests are rejected under the Tightened Inspection Level, the operator and the VIC shall:
In the case of recurring noncompliance, unusually high condemnation rates or consistently ineffective corrective action, the VIC shall be kept aware of all test results for analysis and possible further action. A.2.4.6 Records A separate Presentation Log form (see annex F of this chapter) shall be used for each category of shift (e.g. the same form may be used for a number of consecutive day shifts until the form is full). If more than one species are slaughtered, the log must clearly indicate which tests correspond to which species slaughtered e.g. with inserted blue or red vertical lines. Because of differences of personnel and supervisors between shifts, test results for each shift shall be considered independently. The inspection level for the next shift (e.g. Tuesday day shift) shall be the same as that stipulated by the last presentation test for the previous applicable shift (e.g for the Monday day shift). A.2.4.7 Line Speed The line speed must be recorded for all tests. There is no maximum line speed for MPIP provided operations remain in compliance with MPIP requirements. However, if the line speed is reduced as a corrective action, then exceeding the decreased line speed is counted as a defect. Furthermore, management must immediately correct the line speed to that specified within their written presentation control program. A.2.5 CFIA ResponsibilitiesCFIA staff shall ensure that the presentation standards program has been implemented and is being performed according to the establishments written program. Time(s) for the presentation test(s) shall be randomly selected prior to the start of the shift. This may be accomplished by performing independent verification tests and/or correlation tests with the industry monitor. The Decision Tree for Presentation Standard section 6 of this chapter, is to be used by the presentation standards monitor, and for reference by CFIA. A veterinarian or inspector may perform an additional presentation test at any time as an additional assurance of process control or if they feel that standards are not being met for any reason. A.2.5.1 Independent Verification Tests CFIAs independent verification tests shall be performed according to the following parameters:
A.2.5.2 Correlation Tests Correlation testing consists of CFIA conducting an evaluation of a test being performed by the establishments presentation standards monitor according to the following parameters:
A.2.6 Decision Tree for CPIP / MPIP Presentation Standard Monitoring
Note: At any time, the VIC or an inspector under veterinary supervision may enforce the MIA and MIR which will take precedence over actions recommended in this decision tree. A.3 Presentation Standard for Carcasses and Viscera Presented for Sorting and Veterinary DispositionA.3.1 General RequirementsPresentation standards apply to veterinary examination stations on moving lines or stationary racks or carousals, and where sorting has been carried out beforehand by a CFIA inspector, at the sorting location. It is the operators responsibility to ensure that the presentation of carcasses and viscera held for sorting and/or veterinary examination is acceptable. The operator is responsible for training and designating staff to present carcasses for sorting and/or veterinary evaluation according to the presentation standards. A helper/trimmer shall be provided at the request of the sorting inspector or the veterinarian. As instructed by the sorting inspector or the veterinarian, the helper/trimmer shall manipulate carcasses (especially turkeys) and viscera to facilitate sorting or veterinary examination, dispose of carcasses and/or viscera, eviscerate carcasses, trim carcasses, return carcasses to the evisceration line or transport them to the off-line salvage or reprocessing station, etc. Carcasses shall be presented so as to permit the sorting inspector / veterinarian to visualize the carcass and the corresponding viscera without requiring him/her to handle either the carcass or the viscera ("Hands-off" dispositions). This may be achieved by the careful positioning of the carcass and viscera on specially designed equipment or by the assistance of a helper/trimmer. Viscera shall be completely removed from the abdominal cavity to allow visual examination and, if necessary, palpation of organs and intestines. They shall remain attached (traditional evisceration) or synchronized (new evisceration technology) to the carcass. Contents from the cloaca and/or from the severed gastro-intestinal tract shall not contaminate the carcass. Viscera shall never be placed back into the abdominal cavity to prevent contamination from leaking gastro-intestinal contents. To prevent cross-contamination, carcasses shall be presented so as to avoid contacting each other. Alternatively, all carcasses in contact with condemned carcasses shall be disposed of by the operator as "plant rejects" if they are not condemned by the veterinarian for generalized pathology. All poultry carcasses that are held for veterinary evaluation shall be clearly identified such that it is readily apparent which carcasses require CFIA examination. Carcasses with processing defects shall not be presented for sorting nor for veterinary disposition (e.g. imperfect bleeding, overscald, mutilation, small carcasses, not opened, not eviscerated, partially opened and/or eviscerated, contamination, etc. ). Carcasses with processing defects may be passed through the sorting station provided that they are clearly identified such that no examination is required by the CFIA inspector at the sorting station. The operator shall assure that effective corrective and preventative action is taken to control processing defects. Effective corrective and preventative action shall be taken by establishment staff when presentation standards are not met. A.3.2 Testing of Presentation StandardsThe evaluation of presentation standards is performed by sampling according to ISO sampling plan 2959-1 on the basis of sample code F of inspection level I. Inspection level I and the acceptable quality level (AQL) of 4% are used, as in the case of evaluation of the presentation of carcasses subject to inspection and/or detection. To avoid sample bias, a carcass is randomly selected from the line or a stationary hook, and the carcass located a predetermined number of carcasses away (for example, two carcasses) is then selected. The carcass chosen by this method and the corresponding viscera are examined and constitute the first item of the sample. This procedure is then repeated for each subsequent carcass until the requisite number of carcasses have been examined. The following table contains the accept/reject criteria for samples:
A.3.3 Presentation DefectsThe following defects are part of the presentation standards and are counted as errors on the presentation log for carcasses held for veterinary examination: Lack of uniformity in presentation:
Viscera not visible: Viscera are not visible for veterinary examination (e.g. viscera inside the abdominal cavity); Each carcass with viscera not visible is counted as one defect. Viscera missing: A carcass is presented without its viscera (liver/heart and duodenum for fowl); Each carcass without corresponding viscera is counted as one defect. Line speed : In the case of a moving veterinary line, the line speed shall not exceed 20 carcasses/minute; A.3.4 Testing FrequencyPresentation tests are to be conducted by CFIA inspectors and/or establishment staff . The tests set out in this section promote constant, objective analysis of compliance with presentation standards. Initially, presentation standards tests shall be conducted by industry once per shift. After achieving acceptable presentation for 10 consecutive shifts under CFIA oversight, routine testing of presentation standards is no longer required. Thereafter, testing of presentation standards for sorting or for veterinary dispositions is to be conducted whenever it is believed that standards have not been met or when additional assurance is needed. There is no maximum or minimum testing frequency. A presentation test may be carried out at any time on retained carcasses by CFIA. A.3.5 Corrective ActionIt is managements responsibility to implement effective corrective action at the appropriate time. The establishment is therefore responsible for developing and implementing suitable corrective action. If a presentation test result is equal to the rejection number indicated in the previous table, corrective action shall be taken. Another assessment test shall be conducted within ten minutes, on the basis of the same table. If the establishment uses a moving line to transport carcasses subject to veterinary examination, the maximum speed of the line shall respect this presentation standard. Corrective action shall be taken and approved by the VIC in order to ensure that the established speed is respected. A.3.6 Compliance MeasuresIn the case of deficiencies concerning the facility requirements for the sorting or veterinary workstations or of deficiencies related to the presentation of viscera or carcasses for sorting or veterinary disposition, the VIC will initiate appropriate compliance measures such as verbal warning, official written notice, deficiency reported on a (monthly) Establishment Inspection Report (CFIA 1427), suspension of issuance of official condemnation certificates for a lot of poultry, warning or suspension of inspection, etc. whenever one or more of the following deficiencies occurs :
A.3.7 RecordsA form entitled "Presentation Log for Veterinary Examination or Sorting Locations may be found in Annex F of this chapter. |
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