Economic Burden of Illness in Canada, 1993

References (by section)

Introduction

1. Wigle DT, Mao Y, Wong T, Lane R. Economic burden of illness in Canada, 1986. Chronic Dis Can 1991;12 (3 Suppl).

[Introduction]

1. Rice DP, Hodgson TA, Kopstein AN. The economic costs of illness: a replication and update. Health Care Financ Rev 1985;7:61-80.

2. Hodgson TA, Meiners M. Cost-of-illness methodology: a guide to current practices and procedures. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1982;60(3):429-62.

3. Hodgson TA. The state of the art of cost-of-illness estimates. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res 1983;4:129-64.

4. Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS, Dunmeyer S. The economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness: 1985. Contract 283-87-0007 for US Department of Health and Human Services, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration; San Francisco: Institute for Health & Aging, University of California; 1990.

5. Evans RG. Strained mercy: the economics of Canadian health care. Toronto: Butterworths, 1984.

6. Cassidy M, Klymasz A. Economic costs of schizophrenia in Canada, a preliminary study. Prepared for the Schizophrenia Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1995.

7. Acton, JD. Measuring the social impact of heart and circulatory disease programs: preliminary framework and estimates, Rand Report R-1967. Santa Monica (CA): The Rand Corporation, 1975.

8. Landefeld JG, Seskin EP. The economic value of life: linking theory to practice. Am J Public Health 1982;72(6):555-66.

9. Robinson JC. Philosophical origins of the economic valuation of life. Milbank Q 1986;64(1):133-55.

10. Peter Coyte, Carl Asche, Department of Health Administration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto (Personal communication).

11. Chan B, Coyte P, Heick D. Economic impact of cardiovascular disease in Canada. J Cardiol. In press.

12. Hu T, Sandifer FH. Synthesis of cost of illness methodology. National Center for Health Services Research Contract No 233-79-3010. Washington: Public Services Laboratory, Georgetown University; 1981.

13. Rice DP. Cost-of-illness studies: fact or fiction? Lancet 1994;344:1519-20.

14. Manning WG, Keeler EB, Newhouse JP, Sloss EM, Wasserman J. The costs of poor health habits. A Rand Study. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1991.

15. Kavanagh SM, Opit LJ, Knapp M, Beecham J. Schizophrenia: shifting the balance of care. PSSRU Discussion Paper No 954. Canterbury: Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent. In: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 1995.

16. Knapp M, Beechman J. Costing mental health services. Psychol Med 1990;20:893-908.

17. Rupp A, Keith SJ. The costs of schizophrenia: assessing the burden. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1993;16(2):413-22.

[Background]

1. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Hospital statistics: preliminary annual report, 1993-94. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1996; Catalogue 83-241 XMB.

2. James Alden, IMS Canada (Personal communication).

3. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). National Physician Database (NPDB) [Unpublished tabulations].

4. Michael Hsieh, British Columbia Ministry of Health and Minister Responsible for Seniors (Personal communication).

5. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

6. Statistics Canada, National Accounts and Environment Division. Average replacement cost generalist estimates of unpaid work by age and sex, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

7. Rice DP, Hodgson TA, Kopstein AN. The economic costs of illness: a replication and update. Health Care Financ Rev 1985;7:61-80.

8. Walker KE and Gauger WH. The dollar value of household work. New York State College of Human Ecology, Information Bulletin 60. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University, 1971, revised 1980.

9. Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS, Dunmeyer S. The economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness: 1985. Contract 283-87-0007 for US Department of Health and Human Services, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration; San Francisco: Institute for Health & Aging, University of California; 1990.

10. Hodgson TA, Meiners M. Cost-of-illness methodology: a guide to current practices and procedures. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1982;60(3):429-62.

11. Russell Wilkins, Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada. Weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

12. John Dorland, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University. Comments on weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

13. Abdel-Moty E, Fishbain DA, Khalil TM, Sadek S, Cutler R, Rosomoff RS, et al. Functional capacity and residual functional capacity and their utility in measuring work capacity. Clin J Pain 1993;9:168-73.

14. Cassidy M, Klymasz A. Economic costs of schizophrenia in Canada. A preliminary study. Prepared for the Schizophrenia Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1995.

15. Davies LM, Drummond MF. The economic burden of schizophrenia. Psychiat Bull 1991;14:522-5.

16. Collins DJ, Lapsley HM. Estimating the economic costs of drug abuse in Australia. Canberra: Australian Publishing Services, 1991.

17. Collins DJ, Lapsley HM. The costs of tobacco abuse in 1992 (Unpublished manuscript).

18. French MT, Rachal JV, Hubbard RL. Conceptual framework for estimating the social cost of drug abuse. J Health Soc Policy 1991;2(3):1-22.

19. Maynard A, Godfrey C, Hardman G. Conceptual issues in estimating the social costs of alcohol. Paper prepared for the International Symposium on the Economic Costs of Substance Abuse; 1994 May 11-13; Banff (Alb).

20. Harwood HJ, Napolitano DM, Kristiansen P, Collins JJ. Economic costs to society of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness: 1980. Research Triangle Park (NC): Research Triangle Institute, 1984.

21. Scitovsky AA. Estimating the direct cost of illness. Milbank Mem Fund Q1982;60(3):463-91.

[Discussion]

1. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. General population by age and sex in Canada in 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

2. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, household component, 1994). Weighted number of people who reported long-term disability by age, sex and disease category (Unpublished tabulations).

3. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, institutional component, 1994). Number of people residing in long-term health care facilities by age and sex in Canada in 1995 (Unpublished tabulations).

[Summary of Results]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

2. IMS Canada. Canadian Compuscript, 1989 to 1993.

3. IMS Canada. Canadian Disease and Therapeutic Index, 1989 to 1993.

4. IMS Canada. Canadian Pharmaceutical Market: Drug Store and Hospital Purchases, 1989 to 1993.

5. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Hospital morbidity 1992-93. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1995; Catalogue 82-216.

6. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Hospital morbidity 1992-93 (Unpublished tabulations).

7. Ian Therriault, IMS Canada (Personal communication).

[Drug Expenditures]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

2. Michael Hsieh, British Columbia Ministry of Health and Minister Responsible for Seniors (Personal communication).

3. Roos LL, Sharp SM, Wajda A. Assessing data quality: a computerized approach. Soc Sci Med 1989;28(2):175-82.

4. Roos LL, Mustard CA, Nicol JP, McLerran DF, Malenka DJ, Young TK, et al. Registries and administrative data: organization and accuracy. Med Care 1993;31(3):201-12.

5. Manitoba Health, Health Information Systems Branch. Medical services and costs by diagnostic classification, sex and age group, 1993/94 (Unpublished tabulations).

[Physician Care Expenditures]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

2. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Hospital statistics: preliminary annual report, 1993-94. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1996; Catalogue 83-241 XMB.

3. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). 1993/94 total resource intensity weights (RIWs) [Unpublished tabulations].

4. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Hospital morbidity, 1993-94 (Unpublished tabulations).

5. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Mental health statistics, 1993-94. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1996; Catalogue 83-245 XMB.

6. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Mental health statistics, 1993-94 (Unpublished tabulations).

7. Patricia Tully, Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada (Personal communication).

[Hospital Care Expenditures]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

2. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Total expenditures in reporting residential care facilities by predominant type of care and principal characteristic of the predominant group of residents, Canada 1993-94 (excluding Quebec) [Unpublished tabulations].

[Other Institutions Care Expenditures]

1. Medical Research Council of Canada. Reference list of health science research in Canada, 1993-1994. Ottawa, 1993; Catalogue MRI-71/1994.

2. The Traffic Injury Research Foundation of Canada. 31st annual report 1993. Ottawa: The Foundation, 1993.

3. The Association of Canadian Medical Colleges. Canadian medical education statistics 1995, Volume 17. Ottawa: The Association, 1995.

4. The Association of Canadian Medical Colleges. Expenditures for biomedical and health care research of Canadian faculties of medicine by granting agency, 1993/94 (Unpublished tabulations).

[Health Science Research Expenditures]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

[Additional Direct Health Expenditures

1. Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS, Dunmeyer S. The economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness: 1985. Contract 283-87-0007 for US Department of Health and Human Services Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration; San Francisco: Institute for Health & Aging, University of California; 1990.

2. Vodden K, Meng R, Smith D, Lall A, Miller TR, Simpson H, et al. The social cost of motor vehicle crashes, final report to Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Ottawa: Abt Associates of Canada, 1993.

3. Miller TR. Incidence and costs of gunshot wounds in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1995;153(9):1261-8.

4. Statistics Canada. Abridged life tables, 1990-1991 (Unpublished tabulations).

5. Statistics Canada, Household Surveys Division. 1994 Survey of Consumer Finances. Counts and average earnings of earners by sex, age group and work activity, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

6. Statistics Canada, National Accounts and Environment Division. Average replacement cost generalist estimates of unpaid work by age and sex, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

7. Statistics Canada. Estimates of labour income, October to December 1993. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1995; Catalogue 72-005/48(4).

8. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. Causes of death, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

9. Rice DP, Hodgson TA, Kopstein AN. The economic costs of illness: a replication and update. Health Care Financ Rev 1985;7:61-80.

10. Rice DP, MacKenzie EJ, et al. Cost of injury in the United States: a report to Congress. San Francisco (CA): Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, and Injury Prevention Center, The John Hopkins University, 1989.

11. Miller TR, Jensen AF. Household production of the elderly, working paper. Landover (MD): National Public Services Research Institute, 1996.

Additional References

a) Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS. Economic costs of drug abuse. NIDA Res Monograph 1995;113:1991.

b) Douglass JB, Kenney GM, Miller TR. Which estimates of household production are best? J Forensic Econ 1990;4(1):25-46.

c) Miller TR, Brigham PA, Cohen MA, Douglass JB, Galbraith MS, Lestina DC, et al. Estimating the costs to society of cigarette fire injuries. In: Report to Congress in response to the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990. Washington (DC): Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1993.

[Mortality Costs]

1. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, household component, 1994). Weighted number of people who reported long-term disability by age, sex and disease category (Unpublished tabulations).

2. Santé Quebec. The Quebec Health and Social Survey (1993). Percentage distribution of long-term disability by age, sex and severity: household population (Unpublished tabulations). [Compiled by Russell Wilkins, Statistics Canada.]

3. Santé Quebec. The Quebec Health and Social Survey (1993). Annual average length of long-term disability: household population (Unpublished tabulations). [Compiled by Russell Wilkins, Statistics Canada.]

4. Russell Wilkins, Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada. Weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

5. John Dorland, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University. Comments on weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

6. Abdel-Moty E, Fishbain DA, Khalil TM, Sadek S, Cutler R, Rosomoff RS, et al. Functional capacity and residual functional capacity and their utility in measuring work capacity. Clin J Pain 1993;9:168-73.

7. Cassidy M, Klymasz A. Economic costs of schizophrenia in Canada. A preliminary study. Prepared for the Schizophrenia Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1995.

8. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, institutional component, 1994). Estimated number of people residing in long-term health care facilities by age and sex in Canada in 1995 (Unpublished tabulations).

9. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, institutional component, 1994). Weighted percentage distribution of long-term disability by age, sex and disease category (Unpublished tabulations).

10. Tully P, Mohl C. Older residents of health care institutions. Health Reports 1995;7:27-30. (Statistics Canada Cat 82-003).

11. Statistics Canada, Household Surveys Division. 1994 Survey of Consumer Finances. Counts and average earnings of earners by sex, age group and work activity, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

12. Statistics Canada. Estimates of labour income, October to December 1993. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1995; Catalogue 72-005/48(4).

13. Statistics Canada, National Accounts and Environment Division. Average replacement cost generalist estimates of unpaid work by age and sex, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

14. Wigle DT, Mao Y, Wong T, Lane R. Economic burden of illness in Canada, 1986. Chronic Dis Can 1991;12 (3 Suppl):1-37.

[Long-term Morbidity Costs]

1. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. National Population Health Survey (NPHS, household component, 1994). Annual average days in bed or cut-down days of major activity by age and sex based on two-week disability (Unpublished tabulations).

2. Russell Wilkins, Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada. Weights for severity of short-term disability among the household population (Personal communication).

3. John Dorland, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University. Comments on weights for severity of short-term disability (Personal communication).

4. Abdel-Moty E, Fishbain DA, Khalil TM, Sadek S, Cutler R, Rosomoff RS, et al. Functional capacity and residual functional capacity and their utility in measuring work capacity. Clin J Pain 1993;9:168-73.

5. Cassidy M, Klymasz A. Economic costs of schizophrenia in Canada. A preliminary study. Prepared for the Schizophrenia Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1995.

6. Statistics Canada. Household Surveys Division. 1994 Survey of Consumer Finances. Counts and estimated number of all individuals by sex and age group, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

7. Santé Quebec. The Quebec Health and Social Survey (1993). Percentage distribution of days lost due to short-term disability by disease category (Unpublished tabulations). [Compiled by Russell Wilkins, Statistics Canada.]

8. Statistics Canada, Household Surveys Division. 1994 Survey of Consumer Finances. Counts and average earnings of earners by sex, age group and work activity, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

9. Statistics Canada. Estimates of labour income, October to December 1993. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1995; Catalogue 72-005/48(4).

10. Statistics Canada, National Accounts and Environment Division. Average replacement cost generalist estimates of unpaid work by age and sex, 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

11. Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. General population by age and sex in Canada in 1993 (Unpublished tabulations).

[Short-term Morbidity Costs]

1. Vodden K, Meng R, Smith D, Lall A, Miller TR, Simpson H, et al. The social cost of motor vehicle crashes, final report to Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Ottawa: Abt Associates of Canada, 1993.

2. Miller TR. Incidence and costs of gunshot wounds in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1995;153(9):1261-8.

[Appendix 5]

1. Russell Wilkins, Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada. Weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

2. John Dorland, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University. Comments on weights for various levels of long-term disability (Personal communication).

3. Abdel-Moty E, Fishbain DA, Khalil TM, Sadek S, Cutler R, Rosomoff RS, et al. Functional capacity and residual functional capacity and their utility in measuring work capacity. Clin J Pain 1993;9:168-73.

4. Cassidy M, Klymasz A. Economic costs of schizophrenia in Canada. A preliminary study. Prepared for the Schizophrenia Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1995.

[Appendix 6]

1. Health Canada, Policy and Consultation Branch. National health expenditures in Canada, 1975-1994. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1996.

2. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). National Physician Database (NPDB), 1992-93 (Unpublished tabulations).

[Appendix 7]

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