Fast Facts Those with type 2 diabetes: are typically diagnosed after the age of 45 must carefully manage their diet and adhere to an exercise regime are subject to many risk factors constitute 90% of Canadians who have diabetes Type 2 diabetes is preventable.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin continues to be produced but, for a variety of reasons, is not properly used in the body. Type 2 usually occurs later in life and affects 90 percent of people with diabetes (people are typically diagnosed with Type 2 after the age of 45).

In recent years, however, more and more cases of type 2 diabetes are coming to light in young people, especially those of Aboriginal descent. Those with a family history of obesity and inactivity are also at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. As such, this type of diabetes can be prevented.

Symptoms
Although those with type 2 diabetes experience symptoms before they are diagnosed, many do not. The disease continues to advance and those affected -- whether or not they are aware of what is happening -- can go on to develop long-term complications.

Clues to the presence of type 2 diabetes include:

• recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections,
• cuts and bruises that are slow to heal,
• itchy skin,
• frequent vaginal yeast infections,
• fatigue, drowsiness or blurred vision,
• increased thirst,
• frequent need to urinate,
• and tingling in the hands or feet
  

A person may also present evidence of the complications of diabetes to their physician. These can include:

• high blood pressure,
• impotence,
• progressively worsening eyesight, or
• cardiovascular diseases such as angina or heart attacks.
  

Prevention
Regular physical activity and weight control are often crucial components of therapy for type 2 diabetes but oral medications and/or insulin injections may be required.

Type 2 diabetes can be insidious, continuing to gain ground without any obvious signs or symptoms. As a result diagnosis may be delayed until complications begin to surface. Anyone at risk or exhibiting early symptoms should consult a physician. Early and tight control of blood sugar levels combined with control of high blood pressure and blood lipids can reduce the risk of complications.