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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Necator americanus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Hookworm disease, necatoriasis CHARACTERISTICS: Family Ancylostomatidae, subfamily Necatorinae; intestinal nematode parasite, adult male measures 5-9 X 0.30 mm, female 9-11 X 0.35 mm; eggs are 64-76 X 35-40 µm head curves opposite to curvature of body, giving a hooked appearance to the anterior end SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Infective larvae penetrate skin and travel via the lymphatics to enter the bloodstream, the lungs and the small intestine; adult parasites attached to the villi of small intestines suck blood causing abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, cramps, anorexia, weight loss; clinical features correspond mainly to the intensity of infection; heavy infection leads to development of iron deficiency and hypochromic microcytic anemia;leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia in children resulting in physical and mental retardation in development; infection causes cutaneous larva migrans - a self-limiting condition characterized by skin eruption; fatality is rare; no evidence of immunity in the infected EPIDEMIOLOGY: Widely in tropical and subtropical countries, where improper disposal of human feces is practiced; occurs in South East Asia, South Pacific and East Africa and South America - moisture and temperature conditions favour development of larvae; sporadic cases occurs in southeastern US; prevalence higher in rural areas; universal susceptibility HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Infective larvae, develop from eggs excreted in feces and penetrate the skin, usually by the dorsum of the bare feet or between the toes; vertical transmission from mother to child is possible INCUBATION PERIOD: Variable; GI symptoms can appear 35-40 days after exposure to filariform larvae COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to abendazole, mebendazola, pyrantel pamoate, levamisole DRUG RESISTANCE: Mebendazola resistant strains have been reported SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Larvae sensitive to desiccation and freezing SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Larvae can survive up to 3-4 weeks in moist, optimal survival in moist, sandy or loamy soil with ambient temperatures of 24-32° C SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms: confirm by microscopic demonstration of eggs in stools FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy; pregnant women should not be treated with drugs in the first trimester IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Feces PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; droplet exposure of the mucous membranes SPECIAL HAZARDS: None SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment equipment for all activities involving the parasite, infectious or potentially infectious body fluids or tissues PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 mins) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: March, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-05-23 | ![]() |