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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Nonhemolytic streptococci, gamma hemolytic streptococci, enterococcus, group D streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE); formerly Streptococcus faecalis CHARACTERISTICS: Gram-positive cocci, facultatively anaerobic, occurs singly, in pairs or short chains, no hemolysis on blood agar after 24 hours (may see alpha hemolysis after 48 h) SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Normal inhabitant of intestinal tract (105-10 8 CFU's per gram of stool) and female genital tract; occasionally associated with urinary tract infection, bacteremia and bacterial endocarditis EPIDEMIOLOGY: World wide distribution, newly recognized as a nosocomially transmitted pathogen ( increase due to increased use of medically comprimising devices - IV's); 3rd most commom organisms recovered from nosocomial infections; accounts for 10% of nosocomial infections, 9% of bacteremia infections, 16% urinary tract infections and 5-15% of cases of bacterial endocarditis ; clinical isolate raito of E. faecalis : E. faecium is 10:1, however among VRE isolates the ratio of E. faecium: E. faecalis is 10:1 HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Normal inhabitant of gastrointestinal tract - trauma results in organisms entering into blood stream; organism is found in many food products but relationship with food poisoning is questionable INCUBATION PERIOD: Not known COMMUNICABILITY: Not transferred from person-to-person SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans, various animals ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIDILITY Sensitive to combination of penicillin or ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside, drug suscepti bility testing must be done DRUG RESISTANCE: Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) ( eg. vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc) SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants - 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, iodines PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to moist heat (121° C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170° C for at least 1 hour) SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Extremely hardy, can survive for weeks on environmental surfaces; cheese - 180 days; soil up to 77 days; soiled linen up to 90 days, cultures at -70° C for several years SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms of infection; confirm bacteriologically, new rapid surveillance typing methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Antibiotic therapy with penicillin or ampicillin in combination with aminoglycoside for treatment of serious enterococcal infections IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: Antibiotic prophylaxis - only indicated for persons with diseased or artificial heart valves who undergo genitourinary or rectal procedures SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 78 recorded cases of infections with Enterococcus spp. with 4 deaths up to 1976 SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Tissues - ulcers, intra-abdominal abscesses; blood, feces, urine PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation; ingestion SPECIAL HAZARDS: None SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all activities involving known or potentially infected clinical materials or cultures; animal biosafety level 2 facilities for studies utilizing infected animals PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when contact with infectious materials is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Hand washing particular in medical hospital setting SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: March, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-05-15 | ![]() |