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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Vaccinia virus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Poxvirus, smallpox vaccine CHARACTERISTICS: Poxviridae; 230 x 400 nm, complex coat and capsid, dsDNA SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Virus disease of skin induced by inoculation for the prevention of smallpox - vesicular or pustular lesion, area of induration or erythema surrounding a scab or ulcer at inoculation site; major complications encephalitis, progressive vaccinia (immunocompromised susceptible), eczema vaccinatum - a localized or systemic dissemination of vaccinia virus, fetal vaccinia; minor complications - generalized vaccinia with multiple lesions; auto-inoculation of mucous membranes or abraded skin, benign rash, secondary infections; complications are serious for those with eczema or who are immunocompromised; death is most often the result of postvaccinial encephalitis or progressive vaccinia EPIDEMIOLOGY: Routine vaccination is no longer carried out as smallpox has now been eradicated; only used in armed forces and laboratories HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: Vaccines have potency of 108 pock-forming units/mL; infectious dose unknown MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Virus may be transmitted to contacts of individuals who have been vaccinated recently INCUBATION PERIOD: 1 week after vaccination (lesion at point of inoculation); generalized vaccinia 5-10 days COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable to unvaccinated contacts SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans; held in restricted stocks ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: N/A SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Heat-labile antigen destroyed at 60° C, heat-stable antigen withstands 100° C (both may be present in infected tissue) SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Lyophilized vaccinia virus maintains potency for 18 months at 4-6° C, may be stable when dried onto inanimate surfaces SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirmation by identification of vaccinia pocks, isolation of virus, serology FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Vaccinia immune globulin and methisazone may be of value in treating complications IMMUNIZATION: Smallpox vaccine is indicated for laboratory workers directly involved with vaccinia and vaccinia virus recombinants PROPHYLAXIS: See Treatment SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 18 reported variola laboratory infections and 2 reported infections of laboratory workers with recombinant vaccinia virus SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Lesion fluids or crusts, respiratory secretions or tissues of infected hosts PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion, parenteral inoculation, droplet or aerosol exposure of mucous membranes or broken skin with infectious fluids or tissues SPECIAL HAZARDS: Some poxviruses are stable when dried SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all activities involving the manipulation of this virus (with vaccination); primary containment devices and biological safety cabinets are recommended PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves and gown when working with agent OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Immunization of staff working directly with vaccinia SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time before clean up (30 min) DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: May, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-09-25 | ![]() |