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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Japanese encephalitis virus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: JE, JEV, Japanese B encephalitis (JBE), Arbovirus B, Mosquito-borne encephalitis virus CHARACTERISTICS: Single stranded, positive sense RNA, enveloped, 40-50 nm diameter, Family Flaviviridae (formerly Togaviridae); prototype member of Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex which also contains St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray valley virus, and West Nile virus SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Acute inflammatory viral diseases of short duration involving parts of the brain, spinal cord and meninges; ranges from febrile headache syndrome to acute encephalitis; severe infections are marked by acute onset, headache, high fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting followed by nuchal rigidity, photophobia and objective neurologic signs, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions in children, and paralysis of the upper extremities; infants and elderly more likely to develop severe cases; fatality rate of 5-40%; 45-70% of severe cases develop neuropsychiatric sequelae, parkinsonism, convulsive disorder, paralysis, mental retardation EPIDEMIOLOGY: JE in western Pacific islands from Japan to the Philippines and in many areas of Asia from Korea to Indonesia, China and India; cases occur in temperature latitudes in summer and early fall, and are limited to areas and years of high temperature and many mosquitoes HOST RANGE: Humans, birds, pigs, cattle, horses, bats and reptiles INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By the bite of infective mosquitoes INCUBATION PERIOD: Usually 5-15 days COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person; virus is not usually demonstrable in the blood of human after onset of disease, but can be isolated from the CNS fluid in 1/3 of acute cases; viremia in birds usually lasts 2-5 days; mosquitoes are infective for life; viremia in horses rarely present in high titer for long periods SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Pigs and birds are the major amplifying hosts; humans, horses and cattle are uncommon sources of mosquito infection; virus possibly overwinters in birds, other animals, mosquitos; ZOONOSIS: Yes, from infected animals via mosquito bites; causes encephalitis in horses, spontaneous abortion and stillbirths in swine VECTORS : Culex spp. and Aedes spp. Most important vectors are: SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Unknown SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to disinfectants - 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, 3-8 % formaldehyde, 1% sodium hypochlorite, iodine, phenol iodophors and organic solvents/detergents PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated by heat; 50% reduction in 10 min at 50o C, complete inactivation in 30 min at 56o C; sensitive to UV and gamma irradiation SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survives for long periods in mosquito eggs (virus can be maintained overwinter in eggs) SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms, serological studies (detection of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies) or isolation of virus from blood, CSF or other body fluid FIRST AID/TREATMENT: No specific treatment IMMUNIZATION: Formalin inactivated vaccine (JE-VAX) is licensed in Canada and recommended for those of increased risk such as laboratory workers and travellers spending more than one month in endemic/epidemic areas during the transmission season; 3 doses of the vaccine scheduled on days 0, 7 and 30 are required for a good protection; vaccine is contraindicated for women who are pregnant and the immunocompromised; two live vaccines are licensed for use in China. PROPHYLAXIS: Passively protect accidentally exposed laboratory workers by human or animal immune serum SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 22 cases reported up to 1980 and no fatalities SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CFS), other tissues (brain), infected arthropods PRIMARY HAZARDS: Direct contact with broken skin or mucous membranes, accidental parenteral inoculation, exposure of infectious aerosols SPECIAL HAZARDS: Bites or scratches from experimental animals, including arthropods (mosquitoes) SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 3 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for all activities involving potentially infectious materials and infected tissue cultures, animals, or arthropods PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat, gloves and gown (tie in back and tight wrists) must be worn when working with infectious materials OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Vaccination of personnel working directly and regularly with the JE; important precautions concerning needle safety - do not bend, break or recap needles and dispose directly into puncture-proof container SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, the spillage must be covered promptly with a paper towel and disinfectant poured gently on towel, working from the outside to inwards; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal: steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled and locked in a level 3 facility SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: March, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-04-23 | ![]() |