![]() |
|||||||||||||||||
![]() |
|||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
|
|||||||||||||||
![]() |
![]() |
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Chlamydia psittaci SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot fever CHARACTERISTICS: Gram negative bacilli, non-motile, obligate intracellular bacteria SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: An acute generalized disease with variable clinical presentations; fever, headache, myalgia, chills and upper or lower respiratory tract disease; extensive pneumonia demonstrable by X-ray; lethargy, anorexia, encephalitis; may be severe with high case fatality rates in older persons EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; often associated with sick or healthy-looking pet birds; occur in individual households, pet shops, aviaries and pigeon lofts; human cases are sporadic and often not recognized; occupationally acquired in turkey and duck farms HOST RANGE: Humans, other animals; birds INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation of the agent from desiccated droppings and secretions of infected birds; direct contact with infected birds; bite from an infected bird INCUBATION PERIOD: From 1 to 4 weeks, commonly 10 days COMMUNICABILITY: Transmission from person to person is rare and can occur with paroxysmal coughing during the acute illness; infected birds can shed the agent intermittently and sometimes continuously for weeks or months SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Parakeets, parrots, pigeons, turkeys, ducks, and other birds; apparently healthy birds can be carriers and occasionally shed the infectious agent, particularly when subjected to the stresses of crowding and shipping ZOONOSIS: Yes - birds; infections have occurred through contact with infected domestic mammals, but this is relatively uncommon VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Resistant to penicillin; susceptible to tetracyclines and erythromycin SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to disinfectants - 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Susceptible to moist heat (121°C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170°C for at least 1 hour) SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Infected fluid from eggs - 52 hours; bird droppings - a few days; bird feed - 2 months; glass - 15 days; straw - 20 days SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for pneumonic disease (history of exposure to birds will increase suspicion) and significant increase in specific antibodies FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Tetracycline 1-2 g/day for 10 days IMMUNIZATION: None PROPHYLAXIS: Treat sick birds with tetracycline-treated feed SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Fifth most commonly reported infection with highest case fatality rate of all groups of infectious agents; 116 reported cases up to 1976 with 10 deaths; additional cases have been reported since then (Miller, CD et al., 1987) SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Tissues, feces, nasal secretions and blood of infected birds; blood, sputum, and tissues of infected humans PRIMARY HAZARDS: Exposure to infectious aerosols and droplets created during the handling, care, or necropsy of infected birds and the handling of infected tissues SPECIAL HAZARDS: Aerosols of infected feces and nasal secretion on the features and external surfaces of the bird (risk can be reduced by wetting the feathers with a detergent-disinfectant prior to necropsy) SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment for activities involving the necropsy of infected birds and the diagnostic examination of infected tissues; Biosafety level 3 for activities with infectious materials and cultures with high potential for aerosols or large production quantities or concentrations PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable; gown and gloves for work in biosafety cabinet; gloves for the necropsy of birds and mice, and the opening of inoculated eggs OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Animal Biosafety level 2 practices and facilities and respiratory protection for personnel working with caged birds naturally or experimentally infected SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontamination before disposal; incineration, steam sterilization STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: November 1999 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
|
![]() |
|||
![]() |
Last Updated: 2001-01-23 | ![]() |