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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Dengue fever virus (DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3, DEN 4) SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Dengue fever, breakbone fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) CHARACTERISTICS: Spherical enveloped virion 40-50 nm in diameter; single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome surrounded by an icosahedral nucleo capsid; Flaviridae (Flavivirus) SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: An acute febrile disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever for 3 to 5 days, with an intense headache, myalgia, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, anorexia and rash, symptoms are usually self-limiting; dengue hemorrhagic fever, a more severe manifestation on second exposure is characterized by abnormal vascular permeability, hypovolemia and abnormal clotting mechanisms; fatality as high as 40-50% EPIDEMIOLOGY: Endemic in most regions of the tropics (Asia, India, Caribbean, Africa, Central and South America, and Mexico); maintained mostly by a human-mosquito-human cycle; non-human primate infection common in West Africa HOST RANGE: Humans, mosquitoes (as a vector, Aedes spp., Stegomyia spp.) and non-human primates INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By bite of infectious mosquitoes mainly Aedes aegypti; most bites occur during the 2 hours after sunrise and several hours before sunset: vertical transmission (infected progeny) does occur, however it is relatively low INCUBATION PERIOD: From 3 to 14 days; usually 4 to 7 days COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person; patient infectious for mosquitoes from shortly before to the end of the febrile period, usually 3 to 5 days: mosquitoes infectious 8 to 12 days after blood meal and remains so for life SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans, mosquitoes (transovarial transmission - extremely high levels of infectious particles in salivary glands); monkey-mosquito cycles common in West Africa and Southeast Asia ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and other Aedes spp.): eggs of A. aeypti can withstand long periods of dessication, up to 1 year SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: No specific antivirals SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to common disinfectants; 70% ethanol, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to heat: low pH inactivates dengue virus SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Virus stable in dried blood and exudates up to several days at room temperature SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm serologically and by isolating virus FIRST AID/TREATMENT: No specific treatment, however no salicylates and maintain adequate hydration IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 11 cases reported up to 1988; one case resulted from splashing infectious material in the face SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood, CSF, tissues, infected mosquitoes PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation; contact with broken skin or mucous membrane; aerosols are an uncommon route of laboratory infections but may be a potential source SPECIAL HAZARDS: Bite of infected mosquitoes SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for all activities involving the virus, manipulation of known or potentially infectious tissues and infectious vectors PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: General needle precautions are important; do not bend, recap or break needles; discard used needles directly to puncture-proof containers SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: June 2000 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-03-05 | ![]() |