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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Ancylostoma duodenale (and Ancylostoma caninum) SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Hookworm disease, ancylostomiasis, ground itch CHARACTERISTICS: Intestinal nematode; adult hookworms are small cylindrical and creamy-white; males measure 8-11 mm in length and 0.45 mm width, females are 10-13 mm long, 0.60 mm wide; eggs are 50-60 µm long and 35-40 µm wide; head continues in same direction as curvature of body SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Clinical features correspond mainly to the intensity of infection; heavy infection leads to development of iron deficiency, hypochromic, microcytic anemia; cardiac complications may occur; children with heavy, long-term infection can develop hypoproteinemia; severe acute pulmonary and GI reaction can occasionally result following exposure to infective larvae EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide distribution; widely endemic in tropical and subtropical countries where improper disposal of human faeces is practiced; common in north Africa, northern India, northern parts of the Far East and the Andean region of South America HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Orally or percutaneously (transmitted by fecal contamination of the soil - infective larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot) INCUBATION PERIOD: Varies from a few weeks to many months; depends on infectious load COMMUNICABILITY: Not known SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans, dogs ZOONOSIS: Dogs (A. caninum) VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, bephenium hydroxynphthoate SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1 % sodium hypochorite, 2% glutaraldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Larvae sensitive to desiccation and freezing SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Can survive weeks to several months in warm, damp soil; temperatures from 26.7-32.2°C are optimal for larval development SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by microscopic demonstration of eggs in stools FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer appropriate drug therapy, iron supplements if anemia severe IMMUNIZATION: Vaccine(s) in development PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Faeces PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion; droplet exposure of the mucous membranes; accidental inoculation SPECIAL HAZARDS: None SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment equipment for all activities involving infective stages of the parasite, infectious or potentially infectious body fluids or tissues PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious material is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: November 1999 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-01-23 | ![]() |