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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Human T-lymphotrophic virus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: HTLV-1, Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), T-cell lymphosarcoma (TLCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Sezary's disease, Hairy cell leukemia, tropical spastic paraparesis CHARACTERISTICS: Retroviridae (Oncornavirus C; spherical, 80-110 nm in diameter, helical nucleoprotein within icosahedral capsid virion; two identical single-stranded RNA, linear, positive sense genome; reverse transcriptase enzyme contained inside virion SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Risk of disease development in the asymptomatic is 5%; causes two divergent diseases: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL, 20 year latency) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP - 1 to 4 year latency); ATL is characterized by skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and hypercalcemia and usually resistant to treatment; HAM/TSP is a degenerative neurologic disease characterized by progressive bilateral leg weakness and spasticity, spastic bladder and minimal sensory deficits; infective dermatitis in children; uveitis; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide distribution; endemic in southern Japan, and the Caribbean basin; less common in the Pacific coast of South America, equatorial Africa, and southern USA; frequent among intravenous drug users HOST RANGE: Humans and possibly non-human primates INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Mother to child transmission through blood or breast milk; transfer of blood or blood products by blood donations or intravenous drug use, and sexual transmission (male-to-female transmission is more efficient) INCUBATION PERIOD: Unknown COMMUNICABILITY: Unknown SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Humans ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: No specific antiviral is available to date SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to UV irradiation and heat SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Survives in blood for days SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirm by serological analysis and viral isolation FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer supportive therapy IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood, cerebrospinal fluid PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation, droplet exposure of mucous membrane SPECIAL HAZARDS: None SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices and containment facilities for activities involving clinical specimens and non-cultured procedures (primary containment devices may be indicated eg. biological safety cabinets) and for activities involving non-human primates and any animals experimentally infected or inoculated with HTLV; Biosafety level 3 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all work culturing HTLV PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Gloves should be worn when handling potentially infectious specimens cultures or tissues; laboratory coats, gloves or suitable protective clothing should be worn OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Keep hands away from eyes, nose and mouth in order to avoid potential exposure of the mucous membranes; eye goggles or face shield may assist in accomplishing this objective SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: April, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-05-25 | ![]() |