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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Leishmania spp. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Family Trypanosomatidae, Leishmaniasis, L. donovani, L. tropica, L. braziliensis, L. mexicana, L. Chagasi, Kala-azar CHARACTERISTICS: A flagellated protozoan, small (1-3 µm), obligate intracellular parasite, amastigotes occur living in macrophages in mammals, flagellated promastigote stage occur in insect vector SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Kala-azar (L. donovani) - chronic systemic disease characterized by fever (irregular with 2 daily peaks), hepatosplenomegaly; lymphadenopathy, anemia with leukopenia, and progressive emaciation and weakness; fatal if untreated; post-kala-azar leishmanoid dermal lesions; cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.) - local skin lesions, ulceration; self-limiting or progressive; mucocutaneous lesions in nasopharyngeal tissues can be fatal EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide 2 million new cases every year; rural disease of some tropical and subtropical areas; common as scattered cases among infants, children and adolescents, but occasionally occurs in epidemic waves; disease in humans reduced where dog populations have been drastically reduced HOST RANGE: Humans, wild rodents, Canidae including domestic dogs INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By bite of infective female phlebotomines (sandflies); sandfly is infected by ingesting protozoan from zoonotic reservoir, congenital transmission from mother to child is possible; transmission from person to person, and by blood transfusion and sexual contact have been reported INCUBATION PERIOD: Kala-azar - generally 2-4 months; range is 10
days-2 years COMMUNICABILITY: As long as parasites persist in the circulating blood or skin lesions; infectivity may persist after clinical recovery; recovery from cutaneous leishmaniasis does not confer immunity against kala-azar SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Known or presumed reservoirs include humans, wild Canidae and domestic dogs, rodents, sloths and marsupials (cutaneous) ZOONOSIS: Yes; by bite of sandfly infected by ingesting blood from infected mammals VECTORS: Phlebotomine sandflies SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sodiumstibogluconate, meglumin antimonate and other pentavalent antimonials effective DRUG RESISTANCE: Antimony resistant strains of Leishmania donovani have been reported SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated by heat (50-60° C) SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Does not survive outside the host or culture; can remain infective for man for years in culture SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirmation by demonstration of parasite in specimens or by using serological techniques; visualization of non-motile, intracellular form (amastigote) in lesions FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administration of appropriate drug therapy IMMUNIZATION: None PROPHYLAXIS: None SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 4 reported laboratory infections with 1 death SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Infective stages may be present in blood, feces, lesion exudates, and infected arthropods PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation, transmission by arthropod vectors, skin penetration and ingestion, aerosol or droplet exposure on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose or mouth SPECIAL HAZARDS: Contact with lesion material from rodents with cutaneous leishmaniasis and with feces or blood of experimentally or naturally infected animals SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended for activities with infective stages; infected arthropods should be maintained in facilities which preclude their escape, or exposure of personnel; primary containment (biological safety cabinet) recommended PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when there is the likelihood of direct skin contact with infective stages OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Other protective equipment may be indicated (face shield) when handling infective materials SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towels and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal - steam sterilization, incineration, chemical disinfection STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: March, 2001 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-04-23 | ![]() |