Developing Intellectual Property Policies: A How-To Guide for Museums

Bibliography and Resources

Basic Information about IP Policy

American Association of Museums' Technical Information Service. AAM Intellectual Property Resource Pack. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 2000. (See introductory section on steps for developing intellectual property policies in museums.)

Association of American Universities. Intellectual Property and New Media Technologies: A Framework for Policy Development at AAU Institutions. 13 May 1999. www.aau.edu/reports/IPReport.html

Barnett, Gerald. "Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property." Paper presented at Creating Policy: Copyright Policies in the University. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Eugene, Oregon. 19 November 2001.http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2001/eugene.report.html#gb

Black, Edward. "Guidelines for Use of Marks and Logos," Reproduced in the AAM Intellectual Property Resource Pack. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 2000.

Browne, Rachelle V. "Risk Management: What Can I Do and How Safe is It?" Powerpoint presentation and paper at Copyright in the Digital Age: A Web-Wise Pre-conference. 26 February 2003.

Browne, Rachelle V. "Constructing Values: What to Put Into a Policy." Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada. 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#rb

California State University, Monterey Bay. How to Write a Policy.

Copyright Clearance Center. Guidelines for Creating a Policy for Copyright Compliance.

Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada. 7 September 2002. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html

Creating Policy: Copyright Policies in the University. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Eugene, Oregon. 19 November 2001. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2001/eugenereport.html

Gasaway, Laura. "Institutional and Policy Issues: Getting It Down In Writing." Powerpoint presentation from Copyright in the Digital Age: A Web-Wise Pre-conference. 26 February 2003.

Gasaway, Laura. "Drafting a Faculty Copyright Ownership Policy." The Technology Source. March/April 2002. http://technologysource.org/article/drafting_a_faculty_copyright_ownership_policy/.

Harper, Georgia. "Copyright Law and Visual Resource Policy," Powerpoint presentation from a Creating IP Policy and Guidelines for the VR Collection, a workshop held at the Visual Resources Association conference, Houston, 2003. http://www.arthist.umn.edu/slides/IPR/vrapolicyworkshop.ppt.

Harper, Georgia. Developing a Comprehensive Copyright Policy to Facilitate Online Learning. 2001. www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/polcydev.htm

Harris, Lesley Ellen. Editorial. Spectra. Summer/Winter Vol 29(2 & 3) 2003. Also available as Harris, Lesley Ellen. "Copyright Risk Management." Museum Computer Network Listserv. 24 January 2003. mcn-l@listserver.americaneagle.com. http://copyrightlaws.com/articles/Copyright_Risk_Management.html

National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance. An IP Primer. http://www.nciia.net/r_primer.html. (N.B. This article focuses on IP policy for patents.)

Pallante-Hyun, Maria. "Checklists for Intellectual Property Audits." Copyright in the Digital Age: A Web-Wise Pre-conference. 26 February 2003.

Pantalony, Rina. "Why Museums Need IP Policy." Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada. 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#rp

Porter, Brian. "Putting Together a Museum's IP Policy: Renaissance ROM as a Case Study." Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada. 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#bp

Salomon, Kenneth. Checklist of Issues for Evaluating the Adequacy of Institutional Intellectual Property and Employment Policies and Procedures for Electronic Courseware. darkwing.uoregon.edu/~jqj/ninch/salomon-checklist.htm

University of Minnesota. Developing University-Wide Policy and Procedures. www.fpd.finop.umn.edu/groups/ppd/documents/policy/Upolicy.cfm

University of Minnesota. Guide to Writing University Policy. www.fpd.finop.umn.edu/groups/ppd/documents/information/Guide_to_Writing.cfm

Vlcek, Charles. W. Adoptable Copyright Policy: Copyright Policy and Manuals Designed for Adoption by Schools, Colleges, & Universities. Washington, DC: The Association for Educational Communications and Technology - Copyright Information Services, 1992. http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/23/df/86.pdf

Vlcek, Charles. W. Copyright Policy Development: A Resource Book for Educators. Washington, DC: The Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1987.

Washington & Lee University. "Chapter III: Guidelines for University Libraries and Archives" in Policy for Use of Copyrighted Works. n.d. http://library.wlu.edu/copyrightpolicy.html#iii (N.B. These guidelines focus on the use of images.)

Museum IP Policies

Commonwealth of Virginia. "Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright and Patent Policy." 2000. Reproduced in the AAM Intellectual Property Resource Pack. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.

Henry Ford Policy and Procedures Memorandum No. 23A, Intellectual Property. March 1999. Unpublished.

Indianapolis Museum of Art. Policy on Intellectual Property. 2002. Unpublished.

Maine State Museum Commission." 94-073 Maine State Museum Chapter 502: Reproduction of Museum Collections." 28 June 1987, State of Maine: Online Rules of Maine State Government Agencies. http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/90/94/073/073c502.doc.

Rochester Museum and Science Center. Image Access and Use Policies and Procedure. 2002. Unpublished draft.

Royal Ontario Museum. Copyright Policy. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.copyright.pdf

Royal Ontario Museum. Trademark Policy. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.tm.pdf

Société des musées québécois, La. Droits d'auteur sur Internet - position de la SMQ. 12 March 2002. www.musees.quebec.museum/publicsspec/smq/activites/textes/droitsauteur.phtml

Tech Museum of Innovation, The. Policy Statement: Releasing Exhibits Intellectual Property. 1999. http://www.thetech.org/rmpo2/policiesstandar_/exhibits_/policystatement/policystatement.html

IP Policies from Other Nonprofit Organizations

ARTstor. Standards and Policies: Statement on Intellectual Property Rights. 2003. http://www.artstor.org/info/about/statement.jsp

American Association of University Professors. Statement on Copyright. June 1999. www.aaup.org/statements/Redbook/Spccopyr.htm

Groton Public Schools. Copyright Implementation Manual. 2002. http://groton.k12.ct.us/docs/policies/cimanual.pdf.

H-Net. H-Net's Policy on Copyright and Intellectual Property. 1999. http://www.h-net.org/about/intellectualproperty.php.

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Intellectual Property: Explanatory Statement on the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation's Intellectual Property Policy for Digital Products Developed with Foundation Funds. 16 March 2001. www.mellon.org/MellonIntellectual.htm

University of Georgia Library. Copyright Policy. www.ifla.org/documents/infopol/copyright/uga.txt

University of Maryland. Copyown: A Resource on Copyright Ownership for the Higher Education Community - Policies. http://www.nethics.umd.edu/copyown/.

University of North Carolina. Copyright Use and Ownership Policy of the University of North Carolina. November 2000. http://www.ncsu.edu/policies/governance_admin/gov_gen/REG01.25.3.php.

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Copyright Policy. 1 August 2001. www.unc.edu/campus/policies/copyright.html

University of Texas. Intellectual Property Policy and Guidelines. 2002. www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/polguide.htm

Visual Resources Association. Image Collection Guidelines: The Acquisition and Use of Images in Non-Profit Educational Visual Resources Collections. www.arthist.umn.edu/slides/IPR/guidelines.html

Information Policies

Andress, Mandy. "Effective Security Starts with Policies." InfoWorld. 16 November 2001. archive.infoworld.com/articles/tc/xml/01/11/19/011119tcpolicy.xml

Association of Research Libraries. Checklist for Drafting Electronic Information Policies. www.arl.org/newsltr/196/checklist.html

Coalition for Networked Information. Information Policies: A Compilation of Position Statements, Principles, Statutes, and Other Pertinent Statements. http://www.cni.org/docs/infopols

Orna, Elizabeth. Practical Information Policies. UK: Gower Publishing, 1999.

Royal Ontario Museum. Information Management and Library Policy. 2001. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.im.pdf

Shapiro, Michael. Developing Museum Information Policies. Powerpoint presentation give at Museums and the Web conference, New Orleans, 11-14 March 1999. www.amico.org/docs/papers/1999/shapiro.infopolicy.99.pdf

Privacy Policies

Browne, Rachelle V. "Privacy in the Virtual World and the Real Museum Experience," Spectra. 28(3) 2001: 10-17.

Canadian Museum of Nature. Privacy Policy. (N.B. This policy addresses privacy issues on the museum's website.) www.nature.ca/museum/muspriv_e.cfm

Levine, Melissa Smith and Lauryn Guttenplan Grant. "Copyrights of the Rich and Famous." Museum News. 73(6) November/December 1994: 48-49, 52, 54-55.

Power House Museum, Australia. Privacy Plan. http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/privacy/privacy_plan.asp.

Smithsonian Institution. Privacy: Smithsonian Institution's Privacy Statement . (N.B. This policy addresses privacy issues on the museum's websites.) http://www.si.edu/privacy.

Use of Name Policies

Harvard University. Policy On The Use Of Harvard Names And Insignias. www.techtransfer.harvard.edu/UseOfName.html.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Use of Institute Name. http://web.mit.edu/policies/12.3.html

University of California, Davis. Policy to Permit Use of the University's Name. 1993. http://www.ucop.edu/ucophome/coordrev/da/da0864.html

IP and Cultural Property Issues

Casey, Dawn. "Indigenous Ownership of Digital Material - Is Organized Crime Getting Out of Hand?" From the Proceedings of the Australian Library and Information Association. October 2000. http://conferences.alia.org.au/alia2000/proceedings/dawn.casey.html.

Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Information Network. Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights. 18 September 2001. http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/rio/focus/report/english/ipbn.htm

Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples, The. From the First International Conference on the Cultural & Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Whakatane, 12-18 June 1993, Aotearoa, New Zealand. aotearoa.wellington.net.nz/imp/mata.htm

Seadle, Michael. "Whose Rules?" D-Lib Magazine. 8(3) March 2002. www.dlib.org/dlib/march02/seadle/03seadle.html

General IP Guides and Resources for Museums

Collard, Christine. Copyright Guide for Museums and Other Cultural Organizations. Canadian Heritage Information Network. 2002. www.chin.gc.ca/English/Intellectual_Property/Copyright_Guide/introduction.html

Copyright in Cultural Institutions (CICI). (N.B. An Australian site on copyright and privacy issues in Australian cultural institutions.). http://www.nma.gov.au/about_us/idip/cici/.

McClean, Daniel and Karsten Schubert, eds. Dear Images: Art, Copyright and Culture. Ridinghouse/ICA. 2002. http://www.ica.org.uk/index.cfm?articleid=11369.

Museums Copyright Group (UK based organization). http://www.mda.org.uk/.

RARIN - Rights and Reproductions Information Network. Website of the Registrars' Committee of the American Association of Museums. www.panix.com/~squigle/rarin/01rcsite.html

Shapiro, Michael S. and Brett I. Miller. A Museum Guide to Copyright and Trademark. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 1999.

Stokes, Simon. Art & Copyright. UK: Hart Publishing, 2001.

WATCH - Writers, Artists and their Copyright Holders. tyler.hrc.utexas.edu (N.B. A database containing primarily the names and addresses of copyright holders or contact persons for authors and artists whose archives are housed, in whole or in part, in libraries and archives in North America and the United Kingdom.)

Wienand, Peter, Anna Booy, and Robin Fry. A Guide to Copyright for Museums and Galleries. UK: Routledge, 2000.

Zorich, Diane. Introduction to Managing Digital Assets. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 1999. Also online at www.getty.edu/bookstore/booksites/intro_mda/index.html

Basic Resources on IP Law

International Law

Hoffman, Marci. Researching U.S. Treaties and Agreements. 2001 LLRX (Law Library Resource Xchange, LLC). www.llrx.com/features/ustreaty.htm

Wegemann, Stephanie. Researching Non-U.S. Treaties.

World Intellectual Property Organization. www.wipo.org

North American Copyright Law

Canadian Intellectual Property Office strategis.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/welcome/welcom-e.html

Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. 1201 - 1203 (Supp. 2000). www.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf

Government of Canada, Copyright Act (Ottawa: R.S. 1985, c. C-42) laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-42

U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq www.copyright.gov/title17

U.S. Copyright Office www.loc.gov/copyright

Works Made for Hire under the 1976 Copyright Act. U.S. Copyright Office Information Circular # 9. www.copyright.gov/circs/circ9.html

Visual Artists Rights Act in the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 106A) www.copyright.gov/title17

North American Patent Law

Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Patents. strategis.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/patents/pt_main-e.html

U.S. Department of Commerce. General Information About Patent. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 1997.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Patents. www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm

North American Trademark Law

U.S. Department of Commerce. Basic Facts About Trademark. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 1999.

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Trademarks. www.uspto.gov/main/trademarks.htm

Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Trademarks. strategis.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/tm/tm_main-e.html

Trade Secret Law

Halligan, R. Mark. What is a Trade Secret? 1995. http://my.execpc.com/~mhallign/tradesec.html

Halligan, R. Mark and Richard F. Weyand. The Sorry State of Trade Secret Protection. 2003. http://www.rmarkhalligan2.com/trade/articles.asp?id=1

HSW Media Network. What is a trade secret and how is it different from patent or copyright? www.howstuffworks.com/question625.htm

NOLO Plain English Law Centers Encyclopedia. Nondisclosure Agreements. 2003. http://www.nolo.com/article.cfm/objectID/2ECF62E6-B334-4E83-9A94FA20A3FAFD38/310/119/ART/

Fair Use/Fair Dealing

Carriere, Laurent. Fair Dealing in Canada. www.robic.com/publications/Pdf/032E-LC.pdf

Indiana University Copyright Management Center. Checklist for Fair Use. 2002. copyright.iupui.edu/checklist.htm

What Are the Fair Dealing Exceptions? www.intellectual-property.gov.uk/std/faq/copyright/ex_fair_dealing.htm

Stanford University Libraries. Copyright and Fair Use. fairuse.stanford.edu

University of Rochester. Fair Use Fact Sheet. www.lib.rochester.edu/copyright/wksheet.htm

The U.S. TEACH Act

Crews, Kenneth. The Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization (TEACH) Act. www.ala.org/washoff/teach.html

The TEACH Act. www.copyright.gov/legislation/pl107-273.html#13301

North Carolina State University. The TEACH Toolkit: An Online Resource for Understanding Copyright and Distance Education. 2003. www.lib.utsystem.edu/copyright