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Developing Intellectual Property Policies: A How-To Guide for Museums

Endnotes

¹ Janice Sorkow, "Pricing and Licensing for Museum Digital Content," In Museums and the Web '97: Selected Papers. D. Bearman and J. Trant, eds. (Pittsburgh: Archives and Museum Informatics, 1997) 43.

² Ibid., 43-44.

³ Information on the NINCH 2003 Copyright Town Meeting Series is available at: www.ninch.org/copyright.

⁴ The CHIN Intellectual Property Publication series is available online at: www.chin.gc.ca/English/Intellectual_Property/index.html

⁵ A report on this NINCH Copyright Town Meeting is available online at: www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html.

⁶ A report on this NINCH Copyright Town Meeting is available online at: www.ninch.org/copyright/2001/eugene.report.html

⁷ Diane Zorich, Introduction to Managing Digital Assets, (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 1999) 150. www.getty.edu/bookstore/booksites/intro_mda/index.html

⁸ The question of whether a museum's donor lists constitute a trade secret is open to discussion. Museums generally keep these lists private, even within an institution, and feel their inadvertent release could affect potential sources of funding for their institution (because others may attempt to woo the funders away?). Whether these factors can be construed as jeopardizing the finances of an institution is subject to legal interpretation.

⁹ With the creation of ICANN (The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), Internet domain names are no longer governed by the regime of trademark but instead are their own sui generis form of IP administered by ICANN and its approved domain name registries (such as CIRA - the Canadian Internet Registration Authority). Domain names are included in Table A under the Trademark column because they are considered by museums as one of the marks frequently associated with their institutions.

¹⁰ Adapted from "How to Write a Policy," California State University, Monterey Bay. policy.csumb.edu/develop/toolkit/policy_procedure.html.

¹¹ Although policy development is certainly affected by technology and technological trends, the policy itself should never mention or be tied into a specific type of technology, or the policy will quickly become outdated.

¹² Visual Artists Rights Act (17 U.S.C. § 106A)

¹³ Adapted from "How to Write a Policy," California State University, Monterey Bay. policy.csumb.edu/develop/toolkit/policy_procedure.html

¹⁴ Content (Canada: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1999). www.chin.gc.ca/English/Intellectual_Property/Commercial_Markets/index.html

¹⁵ The University of Maryland, Copyown: A Resource on Copyright Ownership for the Higher Education Community - Policies. http://www.nethics.umd.edu/copyown/

¹⁶ Rina Pantalony, "Why Museums Need IP Policy," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#rp

¹⁷ Gerald Barnett, "Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property," Paper presented at Creating Policy: Copyright Policies in the University, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Eugene, Oregon, 19 November 2001. www.ninch.org/copyright/2001/eugenereport.html#gkh

¹⁸ The Tech Museum of Innovation, Policy Statement: Releasing Exhibits Intellectual Property, adopted 28 September 1999. www.thetech.org/rmpo2/policiesstandar_/exhibits_/
policystatement/policystatement.html.

¹⁹ Laura Gasaway, "Creating Policy in the Real World," Paper presented at Creating Policy: Copyright Policies in the University, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Eugene, Oregon, 19 November 2001. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2001/eugene.report.html#lng

²⁰ Ruth Roberts, "Re: Our IP Policy," email to the author, 13 January 2003.

²¹ Brian Porter, "Re: Request for Review," email to the author, 13 February 2003; and Brian Porter, "Putting Together a Museum's IP Policy: Renaissance ROM as a Case Study," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#bp

²² Frederic Silber, "Re: EMP Policy Process," email to the author, 3 February 2003; and phone conversation with the author, 21 January 2003.

²³ List compiled with the assistance of Maria Pallante-Hyun, IP Counsel to the Guggenheim Museum.

²⁴ Maria Pallante-Hyun, "The Process of Policy Making: From IP Audit to Valuation and Management," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#mp

²⁵ Form compiled with the assistance of Maria Pallante-Hyun, IP Counsel to the Guggenheim Museum".

²⁶ The MIT OpenCourseWare initiative is available online at: ocw.mit.edu/index.html.

²⁷ Lesley Ellen Harris, editorial, Spectra, Summer/Winter Vol 29(2 & 3), 2003, www.mcn.edu. Also available as: Lesley Ellen Harris, "Copyright Risk Management," Museum Computer Network Listserv, 24 January 2003, mcn-l@listerver.americaneagle.com

²⁸ Information on the American Association of Museums' professional development seminar series is available at: http://www.aam-us.org/index.cfm

²⁹ Information on American Law Institute - American Bar Association professional development courses are available at: www.ali-aba.org/aliaba/ch042.htm

³⁰ The Canadian Heritage Information Network's online course offerings are available at: www.chin.gc.ca/English/Conferences_Training/index.html

³¹ One of the best-known online university IP courses is the University of Texas's Copyright Crash Course at: www.lib.utsystem.edu/copyright.

³² Information about these listservs (how to subscribe, send email, read their archives, etc.), are available at: CNI-Copyright Forum www.cni.org/forums/cni-copyright/cni-copyright.html; Musip (Museum IP) groups.yahoo.com/group/musip; DIGITAL-COPYRIGHT www.umuc.edu/distance/odell/cip/listserv.html; MCN-L www.mcn.edu/resources/mcnl.htm.

³³ Georgia Harper, Developing a Comprehensive Copyright Policy to Facilitate Online Learning, 2001. www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/polcydev.htm

³⁴ Brian Porter, "Putting Together a Museum's IP Policy: Renaissance ROM as a Case Study," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#bp

³⁵ Royal Ontario Museum, Copyright Policy, adopted 18 April 2002. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.copyright.pdf

³⁶ McMaster University, Intellectual Property Policy, approved 11 June 1998. ip.mcmaster.ca/docs/IPPolicy.htm

³⁷ Royal Ontario Museum, Information Management and Library Policy, adopted 18 October 2001. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.im.pdf

³⁸ University of Minnesota, Developing University-wide Policy and Procedures: Promoting University Policy, www.fpd.finop.umn.edu/groups/ppd/documents/procedure/promote_upolicy.cfm

³⁹ Groton School District, Copyright Implementation Manual, http://groton.k12.ct.us/docs/policies/cimanual.pdf

⁴⁰ For an example of a revision form, see the University of Minnesota's "Revision to Policy Form" available at: www.fpd.finop.umn.edu/groups/ppd/documents/form/revision_form.pdf

⁴¹ Rachelle V Browne, "Constructing Values: What to Put Into a Policy," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World, NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#rb

⁴² Indianapolis Museum of Art, Policy on Intellectual Property, 2002. Unpublished.

⁴³ Princeton University, Intellectual Property Policy, Revision-Section VIII-C, revised June 2001. www.princeton.edu/patents/policies/intelprop.html

⁴⁴ The J. Paul Getty Trust Employee Handbook.

⁴⁵ Cornell University, Copyright Policy, adopted June 1990. http://www.policy.cornell.edu/cm_images/uploads/pol/Copyright.html

⁴⁶ Indianapolis Museum of Art, Policy on Intellectual Property, 2002. Unpublished.

⁴⁷ Cornell University, Copyright Policy, adopted June 1990. http://www.policy.cornell.edu/cm_images/uploads/pol/Copyright.html

⁴⁸ University of Texas, Regent's Rules and Regulations, part Two, Chapter XII Intellectual Property. www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/2xii.htm

⁴⁹ Indianapolis Museum of Art, Policy on Intellectual Property, 2002. Unpublished.

⁵⁰ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Copyright Policy, effective 1 August 2001. www.unc.edu/campus/policies/copyright.html

⁵¹ Charles W. Vlcek, "Sample Copyright Policy," In Adoptable Copyright Policy - Copyright Policy and Manuals Designed for Adoption by Schools, Colleges and Universities, (Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1992) 3.

⁵² Ibid., 45.

⁵³ Commonwealth of Virginia, "Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright and Patent Policy," In AAM Intellectual Property Resource Packet (Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 2000).

⁵⁴ Royal Ontario Museum, Information Management and Library Policy, adopted 18 October 2001. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.im.pdf

⁵⁵ Groton Public School, Copyright Policy - Copyright Implementation Manual: Part 2. http://groton.k12.ct.us/docs/policies/cimanual.pdf

⁵⁶ University of North Carolina, Copyright Use and Ownership Policy. intranet.northcarolina.edu/docs/aa/research/copyright/PatentAndCopyrightPolicies.pdf

⁵⁷ California State University Monterey Bay, Development, Coordination and Approval Policy, effective 17 September 1998. policy.csumb.edu/policies/approved_policies/policy_development.html

⁵⁸ McMaster University, Intellectual Property Policy, approved 11 June 1998. ip.mcmaster.ca/docs/IPPolicy.htm

⁵⁹ McMaster University, Ownership of Student Work Policy, revised 1 February 1990. www.mcmaster.ca/senate/academic/ownstwrk.htm

⁶⁰ Indianapolis Museum of Art, Policy on Intellectual Property, 2002, Unpublished.

⁶¹ Columbia University, State of Policy On Proprietary Rights In The Intellectual Products Of Faculty Activity. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/policy/copyright.html

⁶² H-Net (Humanities and Social Sciences Online) H-Net's Policy on Copyright and Intellectual Property, 8 November 1999. http://www.h-net.org/about/intellectualproperty.php

⁶³ Johns Hopkins Medicine, Intellectual Property Guidelines, Royalty and Equity Distribution Formulas, 27 October 1992. http://jhuresearch.jhu.edu/JHU_Intellectual_Property_Policy.pdf

⁶⁴ George Washington University, Copyright Policy, 23 October 1998. http://my.gwu.edu/files/policies/CopyrightPolicyFINAL.pdf

⁶⁵ Royal Ontario Museum, Copyright Policy, adopted 18 April 2002. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.copy.doc

⁶⁶ The Henry Ford, Policies and Procedures Memorandum No. 23A, Intellectual Property, 1999. Unpublished.

⁶⁷ U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. §101)

⁶⁹ The Tech Museum of Innovation, Policy Statement: Releasing Intellectual Property, adopted 28 September 1999 www.thetech.org/rmpo2/policiesstandar_/exhibits_/policystatement/policystatement.html

⁷⁰ The Henry Ford, Policy and Procedures Memorandum No. 23A, Intellectual Property, 1999. Unpublished.

⁷¹ Commonwealth of Virginia, "Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright and Patent Policy," In AAM Intellectual Property Resource Packet (Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 2000).

⁷² Royal Ontario Museum, Copyright Policy, adopted 18 April 2002. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.copyright.pdf

⁷³ Ibid.

⁷⁴ See The Tech Museum of Innovation, Policy Statement: Releasing Exhibits Intellectual Property, adopted 28 September 1999. www.thetech.org/rmpo2/policiesstandar_/exhibits_/policystatement/policystatement.html

⁷⁵ Commonwealth of Virginia, "Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright and Patent Policy," In AAM Intellectual Property Resource Packet (Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 2000).

⁷⁶ San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Intellectual Property Statement, 2002. Unpublished.

⁷⁸ U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 107)

⁸⁰ U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 108)

⁸¹ The TEACH Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101

⁸² Indianapolis Museum of Art, Intellectual Property Policy, 2002. Unpublished.

⁸³ Ibid.

⁸⁴ Maine State Museum Commission, 94-073. Maine State Museum, Chapter 502: Reproduction of Museum Collections, 28 June 1987: 1. State of Maine: Online Rules of Maine State Government Agencies, http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/index.html

⁸⁵ The Henry Ford, Policies and Procedures Memorandum No. 23A, Intellectual Property, 1999: 2-3. Unpublished.

⁸⁶ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Explanatory Statement on The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation's Intellectual Property Policy for Digital Products Developed With Foundation Funds, 16 March 2001. http://www.mellon.org/.

⁸⁷ Royal Ontario Museum, Trademark Policy, 18 April 2002. www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/rom.tm.pdf

⁸⁸ Two examples of "use of name" policies are available at: Harvard University, Policy on Use of Harvard Names and Insignia, www.techtransfer.harvard.edu/UseOfName.html and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Use of Institute Name Policy, web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/p/policies/12.3.html.

⁸⁹ Maine State Museum Commission, 94-073. Maine State Museum, Chapter 502: Reproduction of Museum Collections, 28 June 1987: 5. State of Maine: Online Rules of Maine State Government Agencies, http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/index.html.

⁹⁰ To check patent applications in Canada, the Canadian Intellectual Property Office's Patent Database is available at: patents1.ic.gc.ca. In the U.S., the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office's Patent Database is available at: www.uspto.gov/patft

⁹¹ The Henry Ford, Policy and Procedures Memorandum No. 23A, Intellectual Property, 1999: 2. Unpublished.

⁹² Ibid.

⁹³ Cindy Alberts Carson, "Copyright and the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Case Study of the Intellectual Property Issues Involved in the Research Use of Collections,"Spectra, 28(3), 2001: 18-20.

⁹⁴ Martha Lufkin, "Art Trumps Right to Privacy," The Art Newspaper.com available online at: http://www.theartnewspaper.com/index.asp

⁹⁵ Gail Anderson, ed., Museum Mission Statements: Building a Distinct Identity (Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 1998) 39.

⁹⁶ Rachelle V Browne, "Constructing Values: What to Put In a Policy," Paper presented at Creating Museum IP Policy in a Digital World. NINCH Copyright Town Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 7 September 2002. http://www.ninch.org/copyright/2002/toronto.report.html#rb