Fort George National Historic Site of Canada

Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures

Cultural Heritage

Navy Hall
Fort Mississauga
Queenston Heights and Brocks Monument
Butlers Barracks
Fort George / The Battle of Fort George
Navy Island

Fort George / The Battle of Fort George

Aerial of Fort George © Parks Canada

In 1796, the British complied with the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which had granted Fort Niagara to the United States.

To protect their interests in Upper Canada, the British set work immediately to construct a fort across the Niagara River. Control of the river supply route was essential to the survival of the forts west of the Niagara region.

By 1802, Fort George had been completed and became headquarters for the British army, local militia and the Indian Department.

The imposing new fort stood guard over transportation on the Niagara River and protected Navy Hall, a vital warehouse and wharf facility. It was a substantial installation, boasting six earthen and log bastions linked by a wooden palisade and surrounded by a dry ditch. Inside the walls, the Royal Engineers constructed a guardhouse, log blockhouses, a hospital, kitchens, workshops, barracks, an officers' quarters, and a stone powder magazine. The superbly designed magazine survives still.

During the War of 1812, Fort George served as the headquarters for the Centre Division of the British Army. These forces included British regulars, local militia, aboriginal warriors, and Runchey's corps of freed slaves. Major General Sir Isaac Brock, the saviour of Upper Canada served here until his death at the Battle of Queenston Heights in October 1813. Brock and his aide-de-camp John Macdonell were initially buried within the fort. Fort George was destroyed by American artillery fire and captured during the Battle of Fort George in May 1813. The U.S. forces used the fort as a base to invade the rest of Upper Canada, however, they were repulsed at the Battles of Stoney Creek and Beaver Dams. After a seven month occupation by, the fort was retaken in December and remained in British hands for the remainder of the war. After the war, the fort was partially rebuilt, and by the 1820's it was falling into ruins. It was finally abandoned in favour of a more strategic installation at Fort Mississauga and a more protected one at Butler's Barracks.

The site was used over the years for agriculture, as part of a golf course and by the Canadian Military as a hospital for Camp Niagara. During the 1930's, the original plans of the Royal Engineers guided the reconstruction of Fort George as a National Historic Site.

Navy Island

Navy Island is on 128.2 hectares situated in the upper Niagara River and has a rich undisturbed deposit of prehistoric archaeological material. This is where the first British decked vessels to sail the upper Great Lakes were built. These vessels were essential to maintaining the supply lines westward during Pontiac's uprising (1763-64). It was briefly occupied in 1837 by Canadian rebels led by William Lyon Mackenzie, but they were forced to abandon it in January of 1838.