1,4-Benzenediol (Hydroquinone)

What is it?

Hydroquinone is a manufactured chemical substance in the phenols family.  It is found in the form of a liquid.

Where is it found and how is it used?

Potential uses of hydroquinone in Canada include use as an intermediate in the synthesis of antioxidants and antiozonants used in rubber processing, antioxidants used in industrial fats, oils and foods, and stabilizers used for paints, varnishes, motor oils and fuels.  It is used in photographic development, x-rays and lithography. It has been reported as a component of adhesives and casting compounds, and may be used as a corrosion inhibitor in boilers and cooling towers.  Hydroquinone is used in skin lightening creams and in the treatment of hypermelanosis.  It is also used in hair dyes.

What are its effects?  

A reputable international organization has classified hydroquinone as possibly carcinogenic and genotoxic to humans.  It does not persist in the environment and is not bioaccumulative.  Experimental data indicate that hydroquinone can cause harm to aquatic organisms at relatively low concentrations.

What are we doing?  

Based on the information obtained through the categorization process, this substance has been identified as a high priority for further action. As such, it has been included in the first batch of substances released under the Government of Canada's Challenge to industry and other stakeholders.

Under the Challenge, the Government of Canada will use existing legal tools and the regulatory process to obtain information from industry and other stakeholders on how they are managing this substance. New information will be reviewed by Government of Canada scientists to determine what further actions may be necessary to ensure that the health of Canadians and their environment are protected. If new information is not provided, the Government of Canada will nevertheless take action on a precautionary basis.  

For more information, see the technical substance profile.