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Oral Candidiasis

Commonly known as thrush, oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that is usually brought on by a compromised immune system, prolonged stress and antibiotics. It is said to be the most common oral condition amongst people living with HIV/AIDS.

Regular symptoms include white patches with a cottage cheese-like texture. When scraped away, they may be left red and sore. There is also the potential for spreading to the throat.

Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

Gingivitis is a common bacterial infection that inflames the gums and can often be accompanied by bad breath and bleeding. For people living with HIV/AIDS, susceptibility to gingivitis is even greater than the general population.

Periodontal disease encompasses all diseases of the gums. It involves inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, and can lead to tooth loss. People with HIV/AIDS may experience more severe forms of these conditions.

Hairy Leukoplakia

It is believed that oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) has a link with the same viruses that cause mononucleosis and Epstein Barr Syndrome. It is also one of the most common HIV/AIDS-related viral infections.

Characterized by corrugated white patches with hair-like particles, OHL is more annoying than it is painful. It often occurs in the early stages of HIV disease and while it doesn't pose any actual harm, it can represent an increased risk of more serious illnesses in the future.

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a rare condition and occurs during the later phases of the disease.

In Canada, most people living with HIV/AIDS will not develop this condition because of easy access to treatments. KS is the most common form of AIDS-related cancer and while it is most commonly found on the skin, many people with KS also report the presence of oral lesions. Oral lesions appear as red or purplish patches or swellings. While oral KS is generally not painful, it can become so with ulceration or infection.