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R
Race
Refers to a group of people of common ancestry, distinguished from others by physical characteristics such as colour of skin, shape of eyes, hair texture or facial features. (This definition refers to the common usage of the term race when dealing with human rights matters. It does not reflect the current scientific debate about the validity of phenotypic descriptions of individuals and groups of individuals). The term is also used to designate social categories into which societies divide people according to such characteristics. Race is often confused with ethnicity. Various types of broad-based groups (e.g. racial, ethnic, religious and regional) are rarely mutually exclusive, and the degree of discrimination against any one or more varies from place to place, and over time.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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Racialization
The process through with groups come to be designated as different, and on that basis subjected to differential and unequal treatment. In the present context, racialized groups include those who may experience differential treatment the basis of race, ethnicity, language, economics, religion, culture, politics, etc. That is, treated outside the norm and receiving unequal treatment based upon phenotypical features.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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Racism
A mix of prejudice and power leading to domination and exploitation of one group (the dominant or majority group) over another (the non-dominant, minority or racialized group). It asserts that the one group is supreme and superior while the other is inferior. Racism is any individual action, or institutional practice backed by institutional power, which subordinates people because of their colour or ethnicity.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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A
Anti-Black Racism
Anti-Black racism is the racial prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination that is directed at people of African descent, rooted in their unique history and experience of enslavement. It is manifested in the legacy and racist ideologies that continue to define African descendants' identities, their lives and places them at the bottom of society and as primary targets of racism. It is manifested in the legacy of the current social, economic, and political marginalization of African Canadians in society such as the lack of opportunities, lower socio-economic status, higher unemployment, significant poverty rates and overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. Anti-Black racism is characterized by particularly virulent and pervasive racial stereotypes. Canadian courts and various Commissions have repeatedly recognized the pervasiveness of anti-Black stereotyping and the fact that African Canadians are the primary targets of racism in Canadian society. As described by Stephen Lewis (1992):

"First, what we are dealing with, at root, and fundamentally, is anti-Black racism. While it is obviously true that every visible minority community experiences the indignities and the wounds of systemic discrimination throughout Southern Ontario, it is the Black community which is the focus. It is Blacks who are being shot, it is Black youth that is unemployed in excessive numbers, it is Black students who are being inappropriately streamed in schools, it is Black kids who are disproportionately dropping out, it is housing communities with large concentrations of Black residents where the sense of vulnerability and disadvantage is most acute, it is Black employees, professional and non-professional, on whom the doors of upward equity slam shut. Just as the soothing balm of "multiculturalism" cannot mask racism, so racism cannot mask its primary target."


Modifier 8 mars 2006
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C
Cultural Racism
Portrayal of Aboriginals, Blacks, and other people of colour in all forms of media, school texts, literature as inherently, "inferior", "savage", "bad", "primitive". The impression given is that these groups have contributed nothing to civilization, and that there was no civilization before Europeans found "non-white" peoples and "found" lands where they were living.
Modifier 8 mars 2006
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E
Environmental Racism
A systemic form of racism in which toxic wastes are introduced in or near marginalized communities.   People of colour, indigenous peoples, working class and poor people suffer disproportionately from environmental hazards and risks such as industrial toxins, polluted air, unclean water, deleterious work conditions and the location of dangerous, toxic facilities such incinerators and toxic waste dumps. Pollution of lands, air and waterways; often causes chronic illness to the inhabitants and change in their lifestyle.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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I
Individual Racism

The prejudiced individual, direct, or one-to-one action(s) against other individuals because of their group membership and skin colour to deprive them of some right  (employment, housing).


Modifier 7 mars 2005
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Institutional Racism
see Systemic Discrimination
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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R
Racist
Refers to an individual, institution, or organization whose beliefs and/or actions imply (intentionally or unintentionally)  that certain races have distinctive negative or inferior characteristics.  Also refers to racial discrimination inherent in the policies, practices and procedures of institutions, corporations, and organizations which, though applied to everyone equally and may seem fair, result in exclusion or act as barriers to the advancement of marginalized groups, thereby perpetuating racism.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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C
Convention Refugees
A person who meets the refugee definition in the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. This definition is used in Canadian law and is widely accepted internationally. To meet the definition, a person must be outside their country of origin and have a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particuliar social group or political opinion. That is, a refugee is forced to flee from persecution, whereas immigrants choose to move and settle in another country.
Modifier 8 mars 2006
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R
Race Relations
The pattern of interaction, in an inter-racial setting, between people who are racially different.  In its theoretical and practical usage, the term has also implied harmonious relations, i.e., races getting along.  Two key components for positive race relations are the elimination of racial intolerance arising from prejudicial attitudes, and the removal of racial disadvantage arising from the systemic nature of racism.
Modifier 7 mars 2005
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N
Network

Refers to a group of people with common interests who share information formally or informally without authority or dominant hierarchy.


Modifier 7 mars 2005
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