"Barebacking" is a term used to describe unprotected
anal intercourse between men. Barebacking was identified as a sexual practice
when HIV was first discovered and prevention information began to be developed
and distributed. Not all gay men engage in barebacking.
How risky is barebacking?
Barebacking is very risky! It’s only safe when both partners are not
infected with HIV or other sexually
transmitted infections (STIs). Otherwise, barebacking puts both partners
at high risk for infection (or reinfection) from HIV and other STIs, regardless
of which partner is insertive (top) or receptive (bottom). For more information
about other ways that HIV can be transmitted, read the FAQ, “Which
sexual acts can transmit HIV?” and, “Are
there risks of getting HIV if I drink or use drugs?”
Is barebacking less risky for the person on top?
Unless both partners are free of infection from HIV or other STIs, barebacking
carries a high risk of spreading HIV, whether the person is the top or bottom
partner. Although there are fewer cases of HIV infection among top partners,
the number of infections is still significant. It is just a myth that it’s safer
to be on top. The myth has:
- given some people a false sense of security
- made it harder for bottom partners to insist on condom use
- led to more cases of HIV infection.
The top partner may be exposed to HIV through:
- small (even invisible) cuts or tears on his penis
- sores or ulcers on his penis, or
- the thin lining inside the urethra (the opening at the tip
of the penis).
Uncircumcised top partners may be at an even higher risk of infection from
HIV and other STIs. The foreskin of an uncircumcised penis provides an environment
where HIV may survive for longer than it would on a circumcised penis.
Is barebacking less risky for the bottom partner if the top partner pulls
out before ejaculating?
Unless both partners are free of infection from HIV or other STIs, barebacking
always carries a high risk of HIV transmission, even if the top partner pulls
out before ejaculating. This is because infected pre-ejaculatory fluid can get
into the rectum before the top partner pulls out.
What if I‘ve had bareback sex?
If you’ve had bareback sex (either on the top or bottom), consider getting tested
for HIV and other STIs so you can protect your health and that of your partner(s).
For more information on HIV testing, read the FAQ, “Should
I get tested for HIV?”
For more information, contact your local
AIDS service organization or health care practitioner.
Additional resources
Demand for male circumcision rises in a bid to prevent HIV
– World
Health Organization
HIV transmission: guidelines for assessing risk: a resource
for educators, counsellors and health care providers: fifth edition
– Canadian
AIDS Society
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