Home : Immunization & Vaccines : Canadian Immunization Guide 2006 : Part 1 - General Guidelines : The Benefits of Vaccines |
Canadian Immunization Guide
|
Disease | Details | Pre-vaccine era* | 2000-2004** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5-year average annual incidence per 100,000 | Peak annual number of cases | 5-year average annual incidence per 100,000 | Peak annual number of cases | ||
Diphtheria | Diphtheria toxoid introduced in 1926, routine infant immunization since 1930, national notifiable diseases reporting began in 1924 | 1925-29 84.2 |
1925-29 9,010 |
0.0 | 1 |
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children < 5 years of age | PRP vaccine introduced in 1986, currently approved Hib PRP-T and PRP-OMP conjugate vaccines introduced in 1991/92, national notifiable diseases reporting of invasive Hib disease began in 1986 | 1986-90 22.7 |
1986-90 526 |
0.9 | 17 |
Measles | Live vaccine approved in 1963, MMR universal infant program implemented in 1983, 2 dose MMR introduced 1996/97, no notifiable diseases reporting from 1959-68 | 1950-54 369.1 |
1950-54 61,370 |
0.2 | 199 |
Mumps | Vaccine approved in 1969, MMR universal infant program implemented in 1983, 2 dose MMR introduced 1996/97, no notifiable diseases reporting from 1960-85 | 1950-54 248.9 |
1950-54 43,671 |
0.3 | 202 |
Pertussis | Whole cell pertussis vaccine approved in 1943, acellular pertussis vaccine replaced whole cell in 1997-98, adolescent/adult acellular formulation approved in 1999 | 1938-42 156.0 |
1938-42 19,878 |
10.4 | 4,751 |
Paralytic poliomyelitis | IPV approved in 1955, OPV approved in 1962 and in use in Canada until 1997, IPV used exclusively from 1998-present | 1950-54 17.3 |
1950-54 1,584 |
0 | 0 |
Rubella | Rubella vaccine introduced 1969, MMR universal infant program implemented in 1983, 2 dose MMR introduced 1996/97 | 1950-54 105.4 |
1950-54 37,917 |
0.1 | 29 |
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) | See Rubella above. National notifiable diseases reporting of CRS began in 1979 | 1979-83 2.4† |
1979-83 29 |
0.5† | 3 |
* Five years preceding vaccine introduction ** Provisional numbers from National Disease Reporting System 2002-04 † per 100,000 live births |
Table 3. Cost per Life Year Saved for Selected Vaccine Programs and Other Public Health Interventions (adapted from references)
Vaccines | Cost per life year saved |
Measles, mumps, rubella for children | < 0 ($16 saved per $ spent) |
DPT for children | < 0 ($6 saved per $ spent) |
Influenza for adults aged ≥ 65 years of age | < 0 ($45 saved per $ spent) |
Pneumococcal polysaccharide for adults aged ≥ 65 years | < 0 ($8 saved per $ spent) |
Hepatitis B screening in pregnancy and vaccination of children of carriers | $164 |
Varicella vaccine for children | $16,000 |
Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine for children | $125,000 |
Other interventions | |
Mandatory seat belt law | $69 |
Chlorination of drinking water | $3,100 |
Smoking cessation counseling | $1,000-10,000 |
Bicycle helmet law | $39,000 |
Annual screening for cervical cancer | $40,000 |
Driver and passenger air bags/manual lap belts (vs. airbag for driver only and belts) | $61,000 |
Smoke detectors in homes | $210,000 |
Low cholesterol diet for men over age 20 and cholesterol over 4.65 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) | $360,000 |
Crossing control arm for school buses | $410,000 |
Radiation emission standard for nuclear power plants | $100,000,000 |
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Last Updated: 2007-07-18 |