PREVIOUS | TABLE OF CONTENTS | NEXT
The Boat
- Powerboaters
- Personal watercraft (PWC) operators
- Canoeists, kayakers and participants in any
other paddling sport
- Sailors and sailboarders
- Those towing waterskiers, wakeboarders and
parasailors
- Airboaters
- Those racing in an on-water regatta or
competition
- Air cushion vehicles and hovercraft operators
- Wing in ground effect* vessel operators
- Anglers and hunters
* Wing In Ground technology describes a vessel that looks like an airplane but can fly
only very close to the water, as it rides on the air cushion build-up between the water
and the under part of its wings.
Personal watercraft operators ^
As high performance vessels, personal watercraft
(PWC) require skill and experience to be operated
safely. Operators of PWC must be at least 16 years of
age and have proof of competency and proof of age
on board. |
|
Before you lend your PWC, you must ensure the
operator is fully aware of the special characteristics
involved with safe operation. Follow these basic tips:
- Always wear a Canadian-approved flotation
device (inflatable PFDs are not permitted). One
that is red, orange or yellow will improve your
visibility to other operators.
- Wear thermal protection when operating in
cold water (water less than 15°C).
- Read the owner’s manual before setting out.
- Attach the engine shut-off line securely to your
wrist or flotation device.
- Respect speed limits and other boating
restrictions.
- Be cautious, courteous and respect your
neighbours. Many communities consider PWC
noise annoying when the craft is operated
persistently at high speed in one place,
especially when the craft jumps waves.
- Be aware of the impact your PWC can have on
the environment. Avoid high-speed operation
near shorelines.
- Navigate with care. At high speeds it is very
difficult to see swimmers, waterskiers, divers
and other PWC in time to avoid them.
- Do not operate after dark or in reduced
visibility.
- Make sure your PWC is properly licensed
and marked.
- If you recognize gasoline or vapours in the
engine compartment, do not start your PWC
and have it looked at by a qualified technician.
- Always replace the engine cover or seat
before starting.
Kayakers ^
Make sure you are seen on the water. Even in bright,
calm conditions a kayak can be nearly invisible. It
is especially difficult for power-driven vessel and
large vessel operators riding high in the water to see
kayaks. Choose bright colours such as red, yellow
or orange for your flotation device and kayak. Also,
remember to keep signalling devices within hand’s
reach in case of emergency. |
|
Sea kayakers should be aware of their environment
(water temperatures, tides, currents, wind and maritime
traffic). For a copy of the Sea Kayaking Safety Guide visit
www.boatingsafety.gc.ca.
Anglers and hunters ^
Planning a trip across the lake to do some fishing or
hunting? There is much more in getting from point A
to point B than steering your boat. |
|
- Know what safety equipment to carry.
Depending on the vessel and its characteristics,
you may need specific equipment.
- The more informed you are about things like
weather patterns, hypothermia
and cold water shock, the more
prepared you can be. One false step and you
could end up in the water. Your chance of
survival could depend on your preparedness.
- Consider clothing. Some gear, such as hip
waders, should never be worn in boats.
- If your trip unexpectedly becomes an overnight
excursion, have a way to contact your loved
ones to let them know your plans. This is
especially important if you have filed a sail
plan and are expected home at a
certain time.
- Don’t cruise with booze.
Construction Standards for
Small Vessels ^
Small vessels (whether pleasure or non-pleasure
craft) that operate in Canada must be built according
to the Construction Standards for Small Vessels.
Pleasure craft built to these standards are issued
Canadian compliance labels. If you are selling,
building or importing a pleasure craft, you must
ensure it meets the appropriate requirements.
Canadian compliance labels ^
Labels or plates issued in another country, or by any
body other than the Government of Canada, are not
valid in Canada. |
|
Serially produced pleasure craft sold and operated
in Canada up to 6 m (19’8”) in length and capable of
being fitted with an engine(s) of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or
more must carry a capacity plate or capacity label.
Pleasure craft not serially produced require a Single
Vessel Plate (or label). Although requirements for
capacity labels changed from 5 to 6 m (16’5” to 19’8”)
on April 1, 1999, plates issued before that date are
still valid.
A capacity label states:
- The recommended maximum safe limit of an
outboard engine power
- The recommended maximum safe limit
of number of occupants the pleasure craft
may carry
- The recommended maximum load capacity
for the pleasure craft
A capacity label also confirms the vessel was built
according to the Construction Standards for
Small Vessels.
Remember, these are maximum recommendations
for fair weather operation. The number of people who
can be carried safely depends on the type of pleasure
craft, distribution of occupants, equipment carried
and weather and water conditions. Operators must
know and respect the limitations of their boat.
Your boat’s seaworthiness can depend on the load you
put in it and where you put it. Too much weight can
overload your boat and cause it to become unstable or
allow small waves to come aboard. It will also reduce
the amount your boat can roll before its sides dip under.
Weight that is carried too high will reduce stability,
making your boat more apt to roll and less inclined to
return to an upright position.
Other pleasure craft fitted or capable of being
fitted with an engine sold and operated in
Canada must display a conformity label, stating
the pleasure craft meets the requirements of the
Construction Standards for Small Vessels, issued
by Transport Canada.
A single vessel label is issued only to homebuilt pleasure
craft or those pleasure craft built by a builder who is no
longer able to provide a label.
A Canadian compliance label (capacity or conformity)
on your boat confirms it met the appropriate
construction standards for small vessels when it was
built. If the pleasure craft does not have a Canadian
compliance label, contact a Transport Canada Centre
for information on how to obtain a label and the
associated fees.
For more information on compliance plates or labels
visit www.boatingsafety.gc.ca.
Hull identification number (HIN) ^
Pleasure craft made in Canada, or imported to
Canada, after August 1, 1981, must have a HIN
marking. The HIN must be on the outside of the
transom on the starboard side, or as close to that
area as possible if marking on the transom is
not practical.
If you can no longer obtain a HIN from the
manufacturer, or if the vessel is home-built, request
an application package from a Transport Canada
Centre to obtain one.
Overloading your boat ^
Overloading your boat with people or equipment is
incredibly dangerous and can have fatal consequences.
The number of people who can be carried safely
depends on the type of vessel and the distribution
of weight. Poor distribution of weight on board will
affect your boat’s stability for the worse.
As the operator of your vessel, you must follow the
limits on the capacity plate as the recommended
gross load capacity or the equivalent number of
adult persons. When following these limits, keep
in mind the maximum load is calculated for fair
weather conditions and evenly distributed weight.
Keep the load as low as possible on board and secure
equipment to prevent it from shifting and affecting
the stability of your pleasure craft.
Minimum required equipment ^
Safe and responsible operation of your pleasure
craft is a key ingredient for a good time. The right
equipment provides peace of mind and if something
goes wrong, it may save your life. |
|
The Small Vessel Regulations identify the minimum
equipment required on board your pleasure craft
according to vessel length. In some examples over
the next few pages, in addition to vessel length, the
minimum equipment displayed is by vessel type to
assist you.
You may want to bring along additional items
depending on your type of vessel, activity and
environment. Go prepared. Make sure equipment
is easily accessible and can be properly used by
everyone on board.
Ensuring that all equipment, whether it is lifesaving or
navigation equipment, is in good working order is not just
common sense — it is the law.
To determine the length of your pleasure craft, refer
to its manufacturer’s product information or measure
it yourself (from the forward end of the foremost
outside surface of the hull shell to the aftermost
outside surface of the hull shell).
Minimum equipment requirements do not apply to
beach and pool toys measuring less than 2 m (6’7‘’)
in length that are not designed to be fitted with
a motor. Remember, operating a propeller-driven
surfboard is against the law in Canada.
If you are renting a vessel and will be operating it for
recreational purposes, these carriage requirements
apply to you.
If you are using your boat as a non-pleasure craft
or are carrying passengers for remuneration, this
is considered commercial vessel operation and you
should visit www.tc.gc.ca/smallvessels and contact a
Transport Canada Centre for applicable regulations.
Sailboards ^
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device
|
|
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
OR
Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of
Type A, B or C
The equipment listed in 2, 3, and 4 is not mandatory
if all people on a sailboard are wearing a Canadian approved
flotation device of the appropriate size or
engaged in an official competition.
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass.
Paddleboats and watercycles less
than 6 m (19’8”) in length ^
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
|
|
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
OR
Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of
Type A, B or C
|
|
The equipment listed in 2 and 3 is not mandatory
if all people on board are wearing a Canadian approved
flotation device of the appropriate size.
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations if the pleasure craft is
operated after sunset and before sunrise
or in periods of restricted visibility
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass.
Canoes, kayaks, rowboats and
rowing shells less than 6 m (19’8”)
in length ^
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
|
|
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device (for
more detailed description, refer to the
manual propelling device definition)
|
|
- OR
An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) bailer
OR
One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable
a person using the pump to discharge
water from the bilge of the vessel over the
side of the vessel
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations if the pleasure craft is
operated after sunset and before sunrise
or in periods of restricted visibility
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass.
Unpowered pleasure craft less than
6 m (19’8”) in length ^
See separate sections for sailboards; paddleboats and
watercycles; canoes, kayaks, rowboats and rowing
shells.
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
|
|
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device (for
more detailed description, refer to the
manual propelling device definition)
- OR
|
|
- An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if
the pleasure craft is equipped with a fuel-burning
cooking, heating or refrigerating
appliance
- One (1) bailer
OR
One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable
a person using the pump to discharge
water from the bilge of the vessel over the
side of the vessel
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations if the pleasure craft is
operated after sunset and before sunrise
or in periods of restricted visibility
A bailer or manual water pump is not required for
any self-bailing sealed hull sailing vessel fitted with
a recess-type cockpit that cannot contain a sufficient
quantity of water to make the vessel capsize, or a
multi-hull vessel that has subdivided multiple-sealed
hull construction.
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass.
Personal watercraft (PWC) ^
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
|
|
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
OR
Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of
Type A, B or C
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device (for
more detailed description, refer to the
manual propelling device definition)
OR
An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) bailer
OR
One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable
a person using the pump to discharge
water from the bilge of the vessel over the
side of the vessel
- One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher
The equipment listed in 5, 6 and 7 is not mandatory
if all people on the PWC are wearing a Canadian approved
flotation device of the appropriate size.
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass.
Powered pleasure craft less than
6 m (19’8”) in length ^
See separate section for personal watercraft.
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
|
|
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device
(for more detailed description, refer to
the manual propelling device definition)
OR
An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if
the pleasure craft is equipped with an
inboard engine, a fixed fuel tank of any
size, or a fuel-burning cooking, heating or
refrigerating appliance
|
|
- One (1) bailer
OR
One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a
person using the pump to discharge water
from the bilge of the vessel over the side of
the vessel
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
OR
Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of
Type A, B or C
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations if the pleasure craft is
operated after sunset and before sunrise
or in periods of restricted visibility
A bailer or manual water pump is not required for
any multi-hull vessel that has subdivided multiple-sealed
hull construction.
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m
(26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks
do not require a compass or a compass bearing device.
Pleasure craft greater than 6 m
(19’8”) in length but no greater
than 8 m (26’3”) in length ^
Including unpowered craft
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions. |
|
Personal protection equipment
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
OR
One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside
diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is
attached to a buoyant line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
- A reboarding device if the freeboard of the
vessel is greater than 0.5 m (1’8”)
|
|
Boat safety equipment
- One (1) manual propelling device (for
more detailed description, refer to the
manual propelling device definition)
OR
An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) bailer
OR
One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable
a person using the pump to discharge
water from the bilge of the vessel over the
side of the vessel
- One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if the
pleasure craft is a power-driven vessel,
plus another class 5BC fire extinguisher if
the pleasure craft is equipped with a fuel-burning
cooking, heating or refrigerating
appliance
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
- Six (6)* Canadian-approved flares of
Type A, B or C
* Exempt from carrying pyrotechnic
distress signals if:
- Operating in a river, canal or lake in
which it can at no time be more than one
nautical mile (1.852 km) from shore
OR
- Engaged in an official competition
or in final preparation for an official
competition and has no sleeping
arrangements
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations if the pleasure craft is
operated after sunset and before sunrise
or in periods of restricted visibility
Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft
8 m (26’3”) or less within sight of navigational marks do
not require a compass or a compass bearing device.
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
- One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside
diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is
attached to a buoyant line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
- A reboarding device if the freeboard of the
vessel is greater than 0.5 m (1’8”)
Boat safety equipment
- An anchor with no less than 30 m (98’5”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- One (1) bailer
- One (1) manual water pump fitted with or
accompanied by sufficient hose to enable
a person using the pump to discharge
water from the bilge of the vessel over the
side of the vessel
- One (1) Class 10BC fire extinguisher, if
the pleasure craft is a power-driven vessel,
plus another class 10BC fire extinguisher
if the pleasure craft is equipped with
a fuel-burning cooking, heating or
refrigerating appliance
|
|
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
- 12* Canadian-approved flares of Type A,
B, C or D, no more than six (6) of which
are of Type D
* Exempt from carrying pyrotechnic
distress signals if:
- Operating in a river, canal or lake in
which it can at no time be more than one
nautical mile (1.852 km) from shore
OR
- Engaged in an official competition or
in final preparation for an official
competition and has no sleeping
arrangements
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling
appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Power-driven pleasure craft greater than 8 m (26’3”) in
length require a properly adjusted compass. If the voyage
is more than 20 nautical miles (37 km) from shore a
compass bearing device is required.
Pleasure craft greater than 12 m
(39’4”) in length but no greater
than 20 m (65’7”) in length ^
Including unpowered craft
Personal protection equipment |
|
- One (1) Canadian-approved personal
flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate
size for each person on board
- One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
- One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside
diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is
equipped with a self-igniting light and is
attached to a buoyant line no less than
15 m (49’3”) in length
- A reboarding device
|
|
|
Boat safety equipment
- An anchor with no less than 50 m (164’1”)
of cable, rope or chain in any combination
- Bilge pumping arrangements
- One (1) Class 10BC fire extinguisher at
each of the following locations:
- At each access to any space where
a fuel-burning cooking, heating or
refrigerating appliance is fitted
- At the entrance to any accommodation
space
- At the entrance to the engine room
space
- One (1) axe
- Two (2) buckets, each with a capacity of 10 L or more
Distress equipment
- A watertight flashlight
- 12 Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B,
C or D, no more than six (6) of which are
of Type D
Navigation equipment
- A sound-signalling appliance
- Navigation lights that meet the applicable
standards set out in the Collision
Regulations
Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.
Power-driven pleasure craft greater than 8 m (26’3”) in
length require a properly adjusted compass. If the voyage
is more than 20 nautical miles (37 km) from shore a
compass bearing device is required.
Specific requirements for
pleasure craft involved in
competition ^
Pleasure craft used for racing, and its crew, may
carry alternative safety equipment when engaged in
formal training, in an official competition or in final
preparation for an official competition. Read on to
see if your event or training sessions qualify for this
exemption.
- Official competition: a competition or regatta
organized by a governing body, a club or an
organization that is affiliated with a governing
body.
- Formal training: practice for an official
competition under the supervision of a coach
or official certified by a governing body.
- Final preparation for an official competition:
activities to prepare for the competition that
take place at the competition venue and during
the times specified by the organizer of the
competition.
- Governing body: a watersport governing body
that publishes rules and criteria respecting
conduct and safety requirements during skill
demonstrations, formal training or official
competitions and that:
- certifies coaches and coaching programs
- certifies officials and programs for
officials; or
- recommends training and safety
guidelines for certified coaches or
officials.
- Safety craft: a boat, aircraft or other means of
transport with a crew on board that is used for
surveillance and lifeguarding activities during
formal training or official competitions.
Alternative equipment for racing
canoes, racing kayaks and rowing
shells ^
Racing canoes and racing kayaks do not have to
carry the equipment referred to in any part of this
guide if their crews are engaged in formal training,
in an official competition or in final preparation for
an official competition, and:
- are attended by a safety vessel carrying a
flotation device of the appropriate size for
each crew member of the largest vessel being
attended (in addition to their own safety
equipment); or,
- carry:
- a flotation device of the appropriate size
for each crewmember;
- a sound-signalling device; and,
- if operated after sunset and before
sunrise, a watertight flashlight.
Rowing shells do not have to carry the equipment
referred to in any part of this guide if:
- competing in a provincially, nationally
or internationally sanctioned regatta or
competition or engaged in training at the venue at which the regatta or competition is taking
place;
- attended by a safety vessel carrying a flotation
device of the appropriate size for each
crewmember;
- of the pleasure craft, if the safety vessel is
only attending the pleasure craft; or,
- of the crew of the largest vessel being
attended, if the safety vessel is attending
more than one vessel; or,
- carrying:
- a flotation device of the appropriate size
for each crewmember;
- a sound-signalling device; and,
- if operated after sunset and before
sunrise, a watertight flashlight.
Alternative equipment for racing-type
pleasure craft ^
Racing-type pleasure craft (other than racing canoes,
kayaks or rowing shells) engaged in formal training,
in an official competition or in final preparation
for an official competition and operated under
conditions of clear visibility and attended by a
safety vessel may carry, instead of the mandatory
equipment described on the previous pages, the
safety equipment required under the rules of the
applicable governing body.
Personal protection
equipment ^
About 90 per cent of people who drown in
recreational boating incidents are not wearing a
flotation device. A lifejacket or personal flotation
device (PFD) is the best insurance you can have.
Find one that suits your needs and wear it.
By law, pleasure craft must have enough Canadian approved
flotation devices of the appropriate size for
everyone on board. You can choose between lifejackets
and PFDs. Remember, lifesaving cushions are not
approved as personal flotation equipment on any vessel.
Lifejackets ^
Lifejackets come only in red, orange and yellow so
you are much more visible while in water. Currently,
there are three Canadian-approved types to choose
from:
- Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) lifejackets meet
very high performance standards and are
approved for all vessels. They:
|
|
Personal flotation devices (PFDs) ^
This type of flotation device is approved for pleasure
craft only. You can choose from a wide range of
approved types, sizes and colours of PFDs. They do
not all come in red, orange or yellow; but it is a good
idea to choose one of these colours so you are much
more visible when in water.
Choose a PFD based on your needs and the activity
you will be participating in. If you plan on operating
at high speeds, look for a PFD with three or more
chest belts for security. |
|
If you will be operating in
cold water (water less than 15°C) choose a PFD with
some thermal protection. A large selection of devices
designed for specific uses are now available for all
types of activities such as sailboarding, kayaking
and canoeing.
There are, however, some pros and cons to
choosing a PFD over a lifejacket. A PFD may be
more comfortable than a lifejacket because it is
designed for constant wear, but PFDs usually offer
less flotation than SOLAS, Standard Type and
Small Vessel lifejackets. Although they have limited
turning capability, some PFDs provide thermal
protection against hypothermia. The choice is yours,
but consider your needs carefully before purchasing. |
|
Inflatable PFDs are another option but for them to
work properly you must understand their operation
and maintenance requirements. You should also
check which boating activities they are approved for,
under the Small Vessel Regulations. For example,
people less than 16 years of age or who weigh less
than 36.3 kg (80 lbs.), and operators of personal
watercraft are prohibited from wearing an inflatable
PFD. They come in two styles:
- Vest types can be orally, manually (with a CO2
system) or automatically inflated.
- Pouch types can be orally inflated, or manually
inflated by pulling a toggle to activate a CO2
inflation system.
Though their inflation time is relatively short, for weak
swimmers it can seem like forever. All Canadian approved
inflatable PFDs have an oral inflation tube
in case the CO2 inflation mechanism fails. If you
are struggling to stay afloat, this tube could be a
challenge to use.
An emergency is no time to experiment with a new
device. Inflatable PFDs should come with an owner’s
manual. Look for it and read it carefully. Under
supervision and before heading out, try the device
on and make sure you know how to use it.
Keeping kids afloat ^
A lifejacket or PFD is no substitute for adult supervision.
Kids should be within arm’s reach and should be
wearing a proper flotation device at all times.
Before buying a flotation device for your child, make
sure the device is Canadian-approved. Find an
appropriately sized device and have them try it on.
It should fit snugly, not ride up over your child’s chin
or ears. If there are more than 7.6 cm (3”) between
your child’s shoulders and the device it is too big and
could do more harm than good. |
|
Look for these safety features:
- A large collar for head support
- Waist ties or elastic gathers in front and back
- A safety strap that goes between the legs to
prevent the device from slipping over your
child’s head
- Buckles on safety straps and reflective tape
- Consider attaching a non-metallic pealess
whistle to the device
|
|
Parents who want their kids to wear a lifejacket should set
a good example and do the same.
Labels ^
Look for a lifejacket or PFD with a label that states it
has been approved by:
- Transport Canada;
- Canadian Coast Guard;
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada; or,
- any combination of the above.
|
|
Foreign visitors to Canada may bring their own
flotation device to use as long as it conforms to the
laws of their country.
Proper care of your flotation device ^
Treat your flotation device as an investment and
take good care of it. Devices that are ripped or in
poor condition are not considered approved.
Lifesaving equipment should never be kneeled on, sat
on or used as a fender for your boat. Follow these tips:
- Check its buoyancy regularly in a pool or by
wading out to waist-deep water and bending
your knees to see how well you float.
- Ensure that straps, buckles and zippers are
clean and in good working order.
- Tug on straps to ensure they are well attached
and there is no sign of wear.
- Dry your device in open air and avoid direct
heat sources.
- Store it in a dry, well-ventilated, easily
accessible place.
- Do not dry clean. Use mild soap and running
water to clean.
It won’t work if you don’t wear it ^
In order to work, proper lifesaving equipment
must be worn at all times. Believing that you
can locate, don and fasten a PFD in the water is
dangerous for many reasons; adverse wind and
wave conditions can make this extremely difficult,
if not impossible; you could unexpectedly fall into
water and the vessel (with the PFD aboard) could be
unreachable; and, cold water can severely impede
your ability to don and fasten a PFD in the water. |
|
Never underestimate the protection a flotation device can
afford you. It is called lifesaving equipment for a reason.
Buoyant heaving lines ^
On most pleasure craft, buoyant heaving lines no less
than 15 m (49’3”) in length are necessary equipment. |
|
Lifebuoys ^
When buying a lifebuoy look for a Transport Canada
approval sticker. Store this piece of equipment where
it can be easily accessed in an emergency. Lifebuoys
must be at least 610 mm in diameter. Smaller lifebuoys
and horseshoe-type devices are not approved. |
|
Reboarding devices ^
Pleasure craft greater than 12 m (39’4”) in length,
and pleasure craft 6-12 m (19’8”-39’4”) in length with
freeboard exceeding 0.5 m (1’8”) need a reboarding
device. If your pleasure craft has transom ladders
or swim platform ladders it already meets this
requirement. |
|
Boat safety equipment ^
Manual propelling device
A manual propelling device can mean:
- a set of oars;
- a paddle; or,
- any other apparatus that can be used manually
(by hand or foot) by a person to propel a vessel,
including pumping the rudder on small open
sailboats or a paddle wheel on a paddle boat.
|
|
A spare paddle or other propelling device is a good idea,
but only one is necessary to meet the requirement.
Bailers and manual water pumps ^
Bailers must be at least 750 ml with the opening a
minimum of 65 cm2 (10 in2), and made of plastic or
metal. If you have a manual pump, the pump and
hose must be able to reach the bilge and discharge
over the side of the boat. |
|
A bailer or manual water pump is not required for
multi-hull vessels that have subdivided multiple-sealed
hull construction (common example: pontoon
boat) or sailboats fitted with a recess-type cockpit
that cannot contain a sufficient quantity of water to
capsize the boat.
Make a bailer out of a four-litre rigid plastic bottle (useful
for small open boats)
Rinse thoroughly and then:
- Secure lid
- Cut off bottom
- Cut along side with handle
Anchors ^
There is more to dropping anchor than just that.
If your boat’s anchor and its cable are not of the
appropriate weight and size, wind and water
conditions can cause it to drag, leaving your boat to
drift. This is especially dangerous if you are asleep or
swimming nearby. Ensure your boat is well anchored
and keep watch to detect signs of dragging. |
|
Portable fire extinguishers ^
Different types of fires require different types of
extinguishers. Currently, there are two classes of
fire extinguishers required under the Small Vessel
Regulations: Class B for combustible liquids such as
gas and oil and Class C for electrical fires. |
|
The number before the letter on the extinguisher
rates its relative firefighting effectiveness. For
example, a 3B device will put out a larger fi re than
a 2B device. Although regulations specify class BC,
choose an extinguisher with an ABC rating. The type
of fire extinguishers you choose must be listed and
labelled by Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
(ULC), if made in Canada.
Fire extinguishers are generally approved for marine
use by:
- Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
- Underwriters Laboratories Canada (ULC)
- United States Coast Guard (for marine use)
Refills of halon fire extinguishers are no longer
permitted. For more information visit www.tc.gc.ca.
Check extinguishers frequently for correct operating
pressure, and ensure you and your guests know how
to use them. Maintenance, servicing and recharging
must be performed by trained personnel as per
manufacturer instructions. |
|
For chemical-type devices, take them out of their
bracket and shake them vigorously in the upside
down position (about once a month) to prevent the
extinguishing agent from caking and hardening at
the bottom.
Reacting to a fire ^
If a small fi re erupts, activate a fire extinguisher
and direct it at the base of the flames. Sweep the
discharge nozzle from side to side and continue
doing this for a few seconds after the flames are
completely extinguished. Otherwise, the fi re may
re-ignite and you may not have enough extinguishing
agent left to put it out again.
If your boat is in motion when a fire starts, position it
so the fire is downwind from you and stop the engine
if it is safe to do so under the weather conditions.
Make sure everyone is wearing a flotation device, use
extinguishers to control the fire and, if safe to do so,
shut-off the fuel source.
The Small Vessel Regulations do not address
automatic extinguishing systems some pleasure craft
may carry. Even if your pleasure craft has this type
of system it must carry the portable extinguishers
indicated in the Minimum Required Equipment
section. More information on the care and
maintenance of fire extinguishers is available from
ULC or the manufacturer.
Distress equipment ^
Watertight flashlights
Almost every pleasure craft requires a watertight
flashlight or flares. In the event of an electrical failure,
a watertight flashlight may be your only means of
signalling for help.
Distress flares
Use flares only in times of real distress. Before
purchasing, make sure they are approved by
Transport Canada. There are four types of approved
pyrotechnics: A, B, C and D.
Aerial flares should be fired at an angle into the
wind. With a high wind velocity, lower the angle to a
maximum of 45 degrees. Pyrotechnics are valid only
for four years from the date of manufacture, stamped
on each flare. To dispose of your outdated flares,
seek advice from your local fire department, law
enforcement agency or Transport Canada Centre.
Store flares vertically in a cool, dry location (such as a
watertight container) to help them retain their efficiency,
but keep them accessible in case of an emergency.
Pleasure craft greater than 6 m (19’8”) in length
and pleasure craft up to 12 m (39’4”) in length are
exempt from carrying pyrotechnic distress signals if:
- Operating in a river, canal or lake in which it
can at no time be more than one nautical mile
(1.852 km) from shore
- Engaged in an official competition or in final
preparation for an official competition and have
no sleeping arrangements
Type A: Parachute
- Single red star
- When launched, reaches height of
300 m (984’) and with the aid of
parachute, comes down slowly
- Easily observed from the surface or air
- Burns for at least 40 seconds
|
|
Type B: Multi-star
- Two or more red stars
- When launched, reach a height of
100 m (328’) and burn for four or five
seconds each
- Easily observed from the surface or air
|
|
- Some Type B flares project only one star at a time.
When using this single star type, two flares must
be fired within 15 seconds of each other. You will
need double the number of cartridges to meet the
requirements of the regulations.
Type C: Hand-held
- Red flame torch held in your hand
- Limited surface visibility
- Best for pinpointing location during an
air search
- Burns for at least one minute
|
|
- Avoid looking directly at the flare while it is burning.
Ignite the flare while holding it clear of the boat and
down wind.
Type D: Smoke (buoyant or hand-held)
- Produces a dense orange smoke for
three minutes
- Used only as a day signal
- Some types are made especially for pleasure
craft use that last one minute and come in a
package of three
|
|
- Position your smoke flare down wind and follow the
directions carefully.
Navigation equipment ^
Sound-signalling devices
Pleasure craft less than 12 m (39’4”) in length need
a sound-signalling device if they are not fitted with
a sound-signalling appliance. The sound-signalling
device can be a pealess whistle, compressed gas horn
or an electric horn. |
|
Sound-signalling appliances ^
Pleasure craft 12 m (39’4”) or greater in length must
have a fitted whistle. Check the Collision Regulations
for the technical criteria the whistle must meet.
Navigation lights ^
If you operate your boat at night or in restricted
visibility, it needs navigation lights. If your pleasure
craft has navigation lights, they must work and be
fitted in accordance with the Collision Regulations
(for placement options, see the silhouettes in the
Minimum Required Equipment section).
Radar reflectors ^
Vessels less than 20 m (65’7”) in length or that are
constructed primarily of non-metallic materials must
have radar reflectors, unless they are not essential to
the safety of the vessel, or the small size of the vessel
or its operation away from radar navigation makes
compliance impractical. If properly positioned, they
help larger, less manoeuvrable vessels detect your
presence on their radar screens. They should be
located above all superstructures and at least 4 m
(13”1’) above the water (if possible).
Towing ^
Tugs may be towing barges or other vessels on a
long tow-line astern. Often, the length of the tow is
so great the tow-line hangs below the surface of the
water and is nearly invisible. If a small craft were to
strike the submerged tow-line, it could capsize and
be run down by the barge. |
|
Never pass between a tug and its tow and be alert
for special lights displayed by vessels towing barges,
other vessels or objects. The towing vessel is usually
more visible than its tow. The tow’s navigation lights
do not include masthead lights and are often much
dimmer than those of the towing vessel.
In the case of a power-driven vessel towing another
vessel from its stern, the towing vessel must exhibit
the following:
- Sidelights and sternlight
- Towing light (yellow light with the same
characteristics as the sternlight)
- Two masthead lights in a vertical line – three
of these lights if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’)
- A diamond shape where it can best be seen,
if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’) – day signal
In the case of a vessel being towed, it must exhibit
the following:
- Sidelights and sternlight
- A diamond shape where it can best be seen,
if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’)
- If impractical for the vessel being towed to
comply with the lights stated above, it must
carry one all-around white light at fore and aft
Charts and publications ^
Having charts and various publications such
as Notices to Mariners, Sailing Directions and
the List of Lights and Buoys and Fog Signals
is required under the Charts and Nautical
Publications Regulations. Small craft charts are
not regularly updated.
Consult Notices to Mariners for chart updates and
corrections or visit www.charts.gc.ca.
Suggested items to take on board ^
If you will be out for more than a few hours, consider
taking these items with you:
- Spare clothing in a watertight bag (weather
conditions can change rapidly so be prepared)
- Drinking water and high-energy snacks
(drinking water is important because not
ingesting enough of it can quickly lead to
fatigue and dehydration)
Tool kits and spare parts
You may need to make repairs while out on the water.
Take along a tool kit, spare parts (for example, fuses,
bulbs, a spare propeller, nuts and bolts, penetrating
oil to free-up stuck fasteners, duct tape, spark plugs)
and tools and materials to temporarily stop hull
leaks. Now that you have the tools available, do
you know what to do with them? Bring the owner’s
manual and any other guidebook you might need on
your trip.
First aid kit
While boating, you may be some distance from
medical assistance. Take a first aid kit with you.
Store it in a dry place and replace used and outdated
contents regularly. Not every kit will be appropriate
for your specific needs so choose carefully. |
|
Do you know the signs and symptoms of hypothermia,
heat exhaustion, an allergic reaction to insect venom
or food items? Do you know how to stem bleeding,
perform rescue breathing, treat shock? If not, take a
first aid course as soon as possible. Knowing how to
provide first aid assistance can make the difference
between permanent injury and full recovery, or
even life and death. For more information on first
aid training visit www.sja.ca or contact St. John
Ambulance Canada.
Proper documentation ^
Licensing your pleasure craft
Sometimes proof of competency is also referred to
as a licence to operate a pleasure craft. The two are
not the same. In most instances what people actually
want to know about is the requirement to carry proof
of competency.
A pleasure craft licence is for your boat.
Pleasure craft less than 15 gross tons (12 m or less)
and powered by an engine of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or more
must be licensed or registered, regardless of where
they operate in Canada. A licence is free-of-charge
and can presently be obtained through the Canada
Border Services Agency (CBSA). Refer to the blue
pages in your telephone directory to contact your
nearest CBSA office or call 1-800-461-9999.
Pleasure craft licensing is being modernized. It is
expected that by April 2006, Service Canada will assume
responsibility for issuing pleasure craft licences through
their offices. |
|
In New Brunswick, Service New Brunswick
Centres will also issue licences. For more information
about this change, visit www.boatingsafety.gc.ca or call 1-800-O-CANADA.
When entering another country, vessels must have
some form of documentation (a licence and/or proof
of ownership or registration), especially dinghies or
tenders that accompany a larger vessel. Remember,
dinghies or tenders equipped with an engine of
10 hp (7.5 kW) or more must be licensed separately.
Not having the proper documentation with you at all
times can result in delays clearing United States or
Canada Customs, or even a fine. Proof of ownership
for non-registered pleasure craft may be required.
Check with the CBSA before setting out.
By law, you must display your pleasure craft’s licence
number above the water line on both sides of the bow, as
far forward as practical and where it can easily be seen. The
numbers must be in block letters, 7.5 cm (3”) in height and
must contrast with the colour of your pleasure craft’s bow.
New pleasure craft? ^
To license a new or previously unlicensed pleasure
craft you must complete an Application for
Pleasure Craft Licence and have a bill of sale (or
proof of ownership). If your bill of sale (or proof of
ownership) is not available, you need a Declaration
Under Oath stating why.
Contact the Canada Border Services Agency if
you are unsure of what you need to license your
pleasure craft.
Transferring ownership ^
When transferring ownership of your boat, complete
the information required and follow the instructions
on the reverse side of the Pleasure Craft Licence and
give it to the new owner. With the completed transfer
form (reverse side of the Pleasure Craft Licence), the
new owner should contact the Canada Border
Services Agency for additional information.
Registering your pleasure craft ^
Registration is a system that provides legal title and
certain benefits such as a unique name and an
official number for your boat. Vessels greater than
15 gross tons (greater than 12 m) must be registered.
Smaller vessels can be registered, but the choice is
yours. Registration also allows you to use your boat
as security for a marine mortgage. |
|
Remember, pleasure craft less than 15 gross tons
(12 m or less) and fitted with a motor of 10 hp
(7.5 kW) or more must be licensed or may be
registered. This requirement includes personal
watercraft. The choice is yours to license or register
any small vessel, but pleasure craft over 15 gross
tons (greater than 12 m) must be registered.
Heads up! When the 2001 Canada Shipping Act comes
into force, registering your pleasure craft will be optional.
If not registered, pleasure craft fitted with a motor or
motors equal to 10 hp (7.5 kW) must be licensed under the
new Act.
Call the Canadian Registry of Ships and Small
Commercial Vessel Licensing at 1-877-242-8770 for
more information.
REVIOUS | TABLE OF CONTENTS | NEXT
|