References and Links

The Atlas maps are composed of several layers of which there are two broad categories: thematic and base layers. Find below a description of each of the map layers. The layer source is included in the metadata.

Thematic Map Layers

Winter Temperature Change from 1961-90 to 2040-60 (°C)

This map layer shows the projected winter temperature change in Canada between the 1961-1990 base period and the middle (2040-2060) of the 21st century.

Read the metadata on this layer

Base Map Layers

Atlas of Canada Framework Layers

Base map components are features that provide a geographic context for the thematic data shown on Atlas of Canada maps. These features include rivers, lakes, administrative boundaries, populated places, roads and rail lines. All of the Atlas of Canada base map components are available for immediate free download in five scales and in a number of data exchange formats. The 1:7 500 000 and the 1:1 000 000 scale data are the primary base frameworks used for all Atlas of Canada 6th Edition online maps. You can download Atlas of Canada data from this Web page on GeoGratis.

Arora, V.K. and G.J. Boer. 2001. The effects of simulated climate change on the hydrology of major river basins. J. Geophys. Res. 106: 3335-3348.

Boer, G.J., G. Flato, and D. Ramsden. 2000. A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: experimental design and comparison with the instrumental record for the twentieth century. Climate Dynamics, 16: 405-425.

Boer, G.J., G. Flato, and D. Ramsden. 2000. A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: projected climate to the twenty-first century. Climate Dynamics, 16: 427-450.

Canada. Environment Canada. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis. The Canadian Regional Climate Model. Ottawa.

Canada. Environment Canada. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis. The First Generation Coupled General Circulation Model (CGCM1). Ottawa.

Canada. Environment Canada. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis. The Second Generation Coupled General Circulation Model (CGCM2). Ottawa.

Flato, G.M., G.J. Boer, W. Lee, N. McFarlane, D. Ramsden, C. Reader, and A. Weaver. 2000. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis global coupled model and its climate. Climate Dynamics, 16: 451-467.

Hengeveld, H. 1995. Understanding atmospheric change: A survey of the background science and implications of climate change and ozone depletion. 2nd ed. Environment Canda State of the Environment Report No. 95-2

Hengeveld, H. 1998. Frequently asked questions about the science of climate change. CO2/Climate Report 98-2, Environment Canada.

Hengeveld, H. 2000. Projections for Canada's future climate: A discussion of recent simulations with the Canadian Global Climate Model. Climate Change Digest CCD 00-01, 27pp., Environment Canada.

Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg and K. Maskell. 1996. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of WGI to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.

Hutchinson, M.F. 2000. Optimising the degree of data smoothing for locally adaptive finite element bivariate smoothing splines. Australian & New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics Journal 42(E): C774-C796.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Third Assessment Report.

McKenney, D.W., M.F. Hutchinson, J.L. Kesteven, and L.A. Venier. 2001. Canada's Plant Hardiness Zones Revised Using Modern Climate Interpolation Techniques. Can. J. Plant Sci. Forthcoming.

United Nations. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. New York.

United Nations. 1997. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Kyoto, Japan.