Am I having a heart
attack?
The chest pain or discomfort that you feel during a heart attack may
be very similar to what you feel during an episode of angina. In many cases,
however, there are important differences. The table below summarizes these
differences.
Symptoms that may indicate angina or a heart
attack
Characteristic of symptom
|
Angina
|
Heart attack
|
---|
How long chest pain lasts | Less than 5 minutes | 5 minutes or longer |
Consistency of chest pain | Comes and goes | Constant |
How bad the chest pain is | Less intense | More intense |
Other symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, or
difficulty breathing | Less likely | More likely |
Resolves with medication (nitroglycerin) or
rest | Yes | No |
Although the pain of a heart attack is usually severe, it can vary
greatly. In fact, some heart attacks are never recognized (silent infarctions)
because the symptoms are mild, not typical, or even absent. This is a major
reason why some people don't come to the hospital when they have a heart
attack. If you have angina and notice that it is happening more often or
lasting longer, you should contact your doctor.
Call
911
or other emergency services immediately if:
- Your chest pain gets worse or lasts more than 5
minutes, especially if you are short of breath or feel weak, nauseated, or
light-headed.
- Your chest pain doesn't improve or gets worse within
5 minutes after taking 1 dose of nitroglycerin.
If you have chest pain that lasts more than 5 minutes, you should go
to the emergency room.
Are my symptoms caused by angina or a heart
attack?
It is very important to distinguish between angina and a heart
attack. Although coronary artery disease can cause both, some treatments are
the same, while others are very different. The sooner your doctor can determine
which one is causing your symptoms, the sooner you can receive potentially
life-saving treatment.
What is the difference between angina and a heart
attack?
With both a heart attack and angina, part of your heart muscle is not
getting enough oxygen because of reduced or blocked blood flow in your coronary
arteries. With angina, the lack of oxygen is temporary, and permanent heart
damage does not occur. During a heart attack, the lack of oxygen lasts longer
and causes permanent heart damage.
With stable angina, you may notice the problem only when your heart
is working harder and needs more oxygen, such as during exercise. The pain or
discomfort goes away when you rest because your heart no longer needs as much
oxygen.
With unstable angina, a clot partly blocks your coronary artery or
completely blocks it for a short period of time. However, the clot either
breaks up by itself or breaks up after treatment with medicines, so permanent
heart damage does not occur. During a heart attack, the blockage lasts long
enough to permanently damage part of your heart muscle. The longer your heart
muscle goes without oxygen, the larger the heart attack. Your doctor will
consider three important factors in deciding whether you are having a heart
attack:
- Your description of your
symptoms
- Your electrocardiography (EKG, ECG)
results
- Your blood tests (cardiac enzymes)