Soy - One of the nine most common food allergens
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Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions are severe adverse reactions that occur when the body's immune
system overreacts to a particular allergen. These reactions may be caused by food, insect
stings, latex, medications and other substances. In Canada, the nine priority food
allergens are peanuts, tree nuts, sesame seeds, milk, eggs, seafood (fish, crustaceans and
shellfish), soy, wheat and sulphites (a food additive).
What are the symptoms of an allergic reaction?
When someone comes in contact with an allergen, the symptoms of a reaction may develop
quickly and rapidly progress from mild to severe. The most severe form of an allergic
reaction is called anaphylaxis. Symptoms can include breathing difficulties, a drop in
blood pressure or shock, which may result in loss of consciousness and even death. A
person experiencing an allergic reaction may have any of the following
symptoms:
- Flushed face, hives or a rash, red and itchy skin
- Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, throat and tongue
- Trouble breathing, speaking or swallowing
- Anxiety, distress, faintness, paleness, sense of doom, weakness
- Cramps, diarrhea, vomiting
- A drop in blood pressure, rapid heart beat, loss of consciousness
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How are food allergies and severe allergic reactions treated?
Currently there is no cure for food allergies. The only option is complete avoidance of
the specific allergen. Appropriate emergency treatment for anaphylaxis (a severe food
allergy reaction) includes an injection of adrenaline, which is available in an
auto-injector device. Adrenaline must be administered as soon as symptoms of a severe
allergic reaction appear. The injection must be followed by further treatment and
observation in a hospital emergency room. If your allergist has diagnosed you with a food
allergy and prescribed adrenaline, carry it with you all the time and know how to use it.
Follow your allergist's advice on how to use an auto-injector device.
Frequently asked questions about soy allergies
I have a soy allergy. How can I avoid a soy-related reaction?
Avoid all food and products that contain soy and soy derivatives. These include any
product whose ingredient list warns it "may contain" or "may contain traces
of" soy.
Can a soy allergy be outgrown?
Soy allergies are most common in infants and usually develop at three months of age.
Most infants outgrow their soy allergy by the age of two. However, a severe soy allergy
can last a lifetime. Consult your allergist before reintroducing soy products.
How can I determine if a product contains soy or soy derivatives?
Always read the ingredient list carefully. Soy and soy derivatives can often be present
under different names, e.g., tofu. For other common ingredient label names, refer to the
list below.
What do I do if I am not sure whether a product contains soy or soy derivatives?
If you have a soy allergy, do not eat or use the product. Get ingredient information
from the manufacturer.
Does product size affect the likelihood of an allergic reaction?
It does not affect the likelihood of a reaction; however, the same brand of product may
be safe to consume for one product size but not another. This is because product
formulation may vary between different product sizes of the same product.
Most infants outgrow their soy allergy by the age of two. However, a severe soy
allergy can last a lifetime.
Avoiding soy and soy derivatives
Make sure you read product labels carefully to avoid products that contain soy and soy
derivatives. Avoid food and products that do not have an ingredient list and read labels every
time you shop. Manufacturers may occasionally change their recipes or use
different ingredients for varieties of the same brand. Refer to the following list before
shopping:
Other names for soy
Edamame
Kinako
Kouridofu
Miso
Mono-diglyceride
Natto
Nimame
Okara
Soya, soja, soybean, soyabeans
Soy protein (isolate/concentrate), vegetable protein
Tempeh
Textured soy flour (TSF), textured soy protein (TSP), textured vegetable protein (TVP)
Tofu (soybean curds)
Yuba
Make sure you read product labels carefully to avoid products that contain soy and
soy derivatives. Avoid food and products that do not have an ingredient list and read
labels every time you shop.
Possible sources of soy
Note: Avoid all food and products that contain soy in the ingredient list, e.g.,
soy cheese.
Baby formulas
Baked goods and baking mixes, e.g., breads, cookies, cake mixes, doughnuts, pancakes
Bean sprouts
Beverage mixes, e.g., hot chocolate, lemonade
Bread crumbs, cereals, crackers
Breaded foods, chili, pastas, stews, taco filling, tamales
Canned tuna/minced hams
Chewing gum
Cooking spray, margarine, vegetable shortening, vegetable oil
Diet drinks, imitation milk
Dressings, gravies, marinades
Frozen desserts
Hydrolyzed plant protein (HPP), hydrolyzed soy protein (HSP), hydrolyzed vegetable protein
(HVP)
Lecithin
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (may contain hydrolyzed protein)
Processed and prepared meats, e.g., beef, deli, pork, poultry
Sauces, e.g., soy, shoyu, tamari, teriyaki, Worcestershire
Seafood-based products, fish
Seasoning, spices
Simulated fish and meat products, e.g., surimi (imitation crab/lobster meat), simulated
bacon bits
Snack foods, e.g., candy, chocolate, energy bars, fudge, popcorn, potato chips
Soups, broths, soup mixes/stock
Spreads, dips, mayonnaise, peanut butter
Thickening agents
Vegetarian dishes
Non-food sources of soy
Cosmetics, soaps
Craft materials
Glycerine
Milk substitutes for young animals
Pet food
Vitamins
Note: These lists are not complete and may change. Food and food products purchased
from other countries, through mail-order or the Internet, are not always produced using
the same manufacturing and labelling standards as in Canada.
What can I do?
Be informed
See an allergist and educate yourself about food allergies. Contact your local allergy
association for further information.
If you or anyone you know has food allergies or would like to receive information about
food being recalled, sign up for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) free e-mail
"Food
Recalls and Allergy Alerts" notification service available at
www.inspection.gc.ca/english/tools/listserv/listsube.shtml?foodrecalls_rappelsaliments.
When you sign up you will automatically receive food recall public warnings.
Before eating
Allergists recommend that if you do not have your auto-injector device
with you, that you do not eat. If an ingredient list says a product
"may contain" or "does contain" soy or soy derivatives, do not eat it.
If you do not recognize an ingredient or there is no ingredient list available, avoid the
product.
Watch out for allergen cross contamination!
Cross contamination is the transfer of an ingredient (food allergen) to a product that
does not normally have that ingredient in it. Through cross contamination, a food that
should not contain the allergen could become dangerous to eat for those who are allergic.
Cross contamination can happen:
- during food manufacturing through shared production and packaging
equipment;
- at retail through shared equipment, e.g., cheese and deli meats sliced
on the same slicer; and through bulk display of food products, e.g., bins of baked goods,
bulk nuts; and
- during food preparation at home or in restaurants through equipment,
utensils and hands.
What is the Government of Canada doing about food allergens
The Government of Canada is committed to providing safe food to all Canadians. The CFIA
and Health Canada work closely with municipal, provincial and territorial partners and
industry to meet this goal.
The CFIA enforces Canada's labelling laws and works with associations, distributors,
food manufacturers and importers to ensure complete and appropriate labelling of all
foods. The CFIA recommends that food companies establish effective allergen controls to
prevent the occurrence of undeclared allergens and cross-contamination. The CFIA has
developed guidelines and tools to aid them in developing these controls. When the CFIA
becomes aware of a potential serious hazard associated with a food, such as undeclared
allergens, the food product is recalled from the marketplace and a public warning is
issued. The CFIA has also published several advisories to industry and consumers regarding
allergens in food.
Health Canada has worked with the medical community, consumer associations, and the
food industry to enhance labelling regulations for priority allergens, gluten sources and
sulphites in pre-packaged food sold in Canada. Health Canada is proposing to amend the Food
and Drug Regulations to require that the most common food and food ingredients that
cause life-threatening or severe allergic reactions are always identified by their common
names allowing consumers to easily recognize them.
Where can I get more information?
For more information on:
- food allergies;
- ordering free copies of this pamphlet; and
- subscribing to the free "Food Recalls and
Allergy Alerts" e-mail notification service, visit the CFIA Website at
www.inspection.gc.ca or call 1 800 442-2342/TTY 1 800 465-7735 (8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Eastern time, Monday to Friday).
Below are some organizations that can provide additional allergy information:
Allergy/Asthma
Information Association
www.aaia.ca
Anaphylaxis
Canada
www.anaphylaxis.ca
Association
québécoise des allergies alimentaires
www.aqaa.qc.ca (French only)
Canadian
Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
www.csaci.medical.org (English only)
Health
Canada
www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Developed in consultation with Allergy/Asthma Information Association, Anaphylaxis
Canada, Association québécoise des allergies alimentaires,
Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Health Canada.
Cat. No. A104-27/2-2005E
ISBN 0-662-40351-7
P0427-05/07E
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