Test Answers

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Test 1

Crossword puzzle

Across

1. Water turns to steam at 100°C.
2. People like to camp and hike.
3. When we don't get enough water, we experience droughts.
4. You should not allow the tap to drip – it wastes water.
6. Without this, a person would die in about three days.(water)
7. H₂O means that water contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of (2 down).
10. According to the big bang theory, water has been on earth over four billion years.
11. Water can be used over and over. It is a renewable resource.
13. Cook an egg in water for breakfast.
15. We should test our water supply to find out if it is safe to drink.
16. The antonym of wet is dry.
17. You can catch fish using a rod and reel.
18. Clean water should be the concern of all people.
20. Water can dissolve many substances. It is a good solvent.

Down

1. If we pollute water, we spoil it for our use. (Rhymes with oil.)
2. H₂O means that water contains one atom of (7 across) and two atoms of hydrogen.
3. One of the Great Lakes is Lake Erie.
5. We should not pour hazardous household products down the drain.
8. All molecules of water contain hydrogen and oxygen.
9. The blanket of air around the earth is called the atmosphere.
10. This is 83% water. (blood)
12. Water can dissolve nutrients as food for plants and animals.
14. Let's not take water for granted.
19. Heat from the sun makes our lakes warm for swimming.
21. Repair a leak promptly – don't waste water.

Fill in the blanks

1. 83% of the blood in your body is water.
   
   
2. The scientific symbol for water is H₂O.
   
   
3. Water has been around since the earth was formed over four billion years ago.
   
   
4. Another name for the water cycle is the hydrologic cycle.
   
   
5. Water vapour enters the atmosphere by evaporation from bodies of water and by transpiration from plants.
   
   
6. Clouds are formed when water droplets come together as condensation.
   
   
7. Rain, snow, hail, and sleet are all forms of precipitation.
   
   
8. Around 2% of the world's total water supply is fresh water.

True or false

False	1.  Water is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
True	2.  More than one-half of the world's animal and plant species live in water.
True	3.  Without water, every single living thing on earth could not survive.
False	4.  There is the same amount of water on earth today as when the earth was formed.
False	5.  Canada's largest river is the Mackenzie.
True	6.  Canada has approximately 7% of the world's freshwater supply.
True	7.  Most of Canada's rivers drain north.
False	8.  Water makes up approximately 67% of your body.
False	9.  Water turns to vapour at 100°C.
True	10. Canada's glaciers contain more water than do the Great Lakes.

Water puzzle

Match the meanings

1. evaporation	(6)	method by which water reaches groundwater
2. condensation	(5)	full of water
3. precipitation	(4)	method by which plants send water into atmosphere
4. transpiration	(2)	water molecules form clouds
5. saturated	(1)	sun's energy turns water to vapour
6. percolate	(3)	water falls to earth

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Test 2

Crossword puzzle

Across

2. Another word for pollute. (contaminate)
3. We need to purify our water before we drink it.
4. A person swallows water or drink it.
5. A step in water treatment where particles in water cling together. (coagulation)
9. Method by which farmers water their crops. (irrigation)
11. Name for pipe that carries water to your home. (main)
13. Lake Huron is one of the Great Lakes.
16. Water leaves the house by going down the drain.
17. Pipes that carry wastewater from your home. (sewer)
18. Our water is usually purified in a treatment plant.

Down

1. A leak in your pipes wastes water.
2. The hydrologic or water cycle.
5. Chemical element used in water purification. (chlorine)
6. A chemical added in water treatment to help particles cling together. (alum)
7. When we need water, we turn on the tap.
8. Canada has less than nine percent of the world's freshwater supply.
10. Rainwater contaminated by pollution from industry (two words). (acid rain)
12. Frozen water. (ice)
14. Process where oxygen is added to water in a treatment plant. (aeration)
15. In many rural areas, wastewater goes into septic tanks.
19. A chemical substance which can harm organisms. (toxic)

True or false

False	1.  On the prairies, irrigation uses the most water.
True	2.  Another name for wastewater is sewage.
True	3.  Once wastewater is treated, it is released into rivers and streams.
False	4.  Water is purified for our drinking purposes at a water purification plant.
False	5.  Most Canadian households do not have their own septic tanks.
False	6.  Some wastewater in Canada is not treated before it is released back into nature.
False	7.  Rainwater stands at 5.5 on the pH scale.
True	8.  Acid rain falling in Canada comes from Canadian and American industries.
True	9.  Effluent and greywater mean the same thing.
False	10. Oxygen is added to water in a treatment plant during the aeration stage.

Match the meanings

1. coagulation	(3)	impurities percolate through layers of sand, charcoal and gravel
2. sedimentation	(5)	what is left behind after wastewater is treated
3. filtration	(7)	purifying chemicals are added to water before it goes to your home
4. aeration	(1)	alum is added to the water causing dirt and other particles to stick together
5. sludge	(4)	water is sprayed into the air where it mixes with oxygen
6. primary treatment	(2)	impurities settle to the bottom of the tank
7. chlorination	(6)	stage at which solids are separated from liquids in wastewater treatment

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Test 3

Crossword puzzle

Across

2. Pollution caused by people is called anthropogenic pollution.
4. When water is taken from a stream, lake, etc., and used on land, it is called withdrawal use.
8. Where water collects underground. (aquifer)
9. The rate at which water moves. (flow)
11. Everyone must use water wisely.
12. Filtration occurs in a filter tank.
14. When you use water to get rid of soap, you rinse.
16. Saltwater intrusion is one source of natural pollution.
20. Pollution can get into groundwater from a leak in an old underground tank.
21. If you pay for the amount of water you use, you are paying a metered rate.

Down

1. Another word for contamination. (pollution)
3. The amount we pay for water should cover the cost of supply.
4. What you dig to find water. (well)
5. When water is used for swimming and sailing, we call this use recreational.
6. Leftover matter that we consider useless and try to dispose of. (waste)
7. Sludge is sometimes taken to a land fill site for disposal.
10. Free from pollution. (pure)
13. We treat water and wastewater to get rid of impurities.
15. When water is used in its natural setting, it is called this kind of use. (instream)
17. The mining industry uses water to separate rocks from ore.
18. Charging a flat rate for water used does not encourage water conservation.
19. Most of our electricity comes from hydroelectric power.
22. Another word for poisonous. (toxic)

Fill in the blanks

1. A "water witch" is said to locate water underground with the use of a divining rod.
   
   
2. Groundwater is found in wells and springs which have their sources in aquifers.
   
   
3. The water rate structures which encourage people to conserve water are the constant or the metered rate and the increasing block rate.
   
   
4. Water seeps into the ground through the process of percolation.
   
   
5. The two basic ways we use water are in its natural setting or instream; and taking it from the stream and using it on land – withdrawal use.

True or false

False	1.  Approximately 26% of Canadians rely on groundwater for their water supply.
False	2.  Groundwater can spend days, months or hundreds of years in the ground.
True	3.  If pollution is "anthropogenic," this means it was caused by people.
True	4.  During the summer months about half of all treated water is sprayed onto lawns.
True	5.  Most Canadians who pay for their water, pay a flat rate.
True	6.  Both instream water users and withdrawal users can contaminate the water supply.
False	7.  On average, Canadians pay $1.14 per 1000 litres of tap water.
True	8.  People who live on the prairies pay the highest costs in Canada for their water.
True	9.  About one-third of all the fresh water in the world is found underground.
False	10. Impermeable rock is rock which keeps water from filtering through.

Question time

List five causes of groundwater pollution. Possible responses:

1. leaky sewer lines
2. septic systems
3. leaky oil tanks or pipelines
4. spills/leaks from industrial chemicals
5. landfills
6. mill tailings in mining areas
7. chemicals for preserving wood
8. pesticides/herbicide use

What are two examples of withdrawal use? Possible responses:

1. thermal power generation
2. agriculture
3. manufacturing
4. mining

What are two examples of instream use? Possible responses:

1. hydroelectric power generation
2. transportation
3. freshwater fisheries
4. wildlife
5. recreation
6. waste disposal

Describe one simple way to prevent groundwater pollution.

You be the judge!

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Test 4

Crossword puzzle

Across

2. Device used to transport water to your home. (pipe)
4. Preservation and protection of our resources. (conservation)
6. Gas formed by heating water. (vapour)
8. A barrier to hold back water. (dam)
12. Container used to carry water. (pail)
13. The sun's energy heats water molecules.
14. Chemical used to purify water. (chlorine)
16. A living person, animal, or plant. (organism)
17. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
18. Most of Canada's rivers drain North.
19. The scale on which level of acidity is measured. (pH)
20. A small, flowing body of water. (stream)
24. Treated waste discharged from a wastewater treatment plant. (effluent)
25. Countries with less water than Canada would like us to export water to them.
26. Do you care about water quality?

Down

1. The treatment of water and wastewater helps keep toxic substances from our water supply.
3. To supply water to farms, for example, by ditches and canals. (irrigation)
5. Mining companies use water to separate ore from rocks.
7. Everyone must use water wisely!
9. Water contains two atoms of hydrogen.
10. A device used to measure how much water has been used. (meter)
11. A measure of liquid capacity. (litre)
12. To filter down, as through soil. (percolate)
14. We are all links in the food chain.
15. A water witch or diviner might help you locate underground water.
21. We inhabit the planet Earth.
22. Other countries think Canada has more water than it needs.
23. Water has been around for over four billion years.

Water puzzle

Word scramble

Scrambled word	Correct spelling	Definition
elryecc	recycle	(6)
coitx	toxic	(5)
egatriri	irrigate	(4)
werse	sewer	(3)
hecnoril	chlorine	(10)
mosat	atoms	(9)
upraov	vapour	(8)
chogiloryd	hydrologic	(7)
tgpanrocineoh	anthropogenic	(1)
nogyex	oxygen	(2)

Definitions

1. caused by people
2. water has one atom of this
3. pipe that takes water away from your house
4. to supply water to farms by ditches or canals
5. poisonous
6. to use again
7. another name for the water cycle
8. water changes to this when it is heated
9. water has three of these
10. added to water for purifying

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Test 5

Crossword puzzle

Across

2. The Group of Seven.
3. This slows down when rivers are blocked by sediment. (navigation)
7. He painted nature in Algonquin Park. (Thomson)
9. Confederation Poets.
10. Without water we cannot exist.
13. Global warming may increase world temperatures by 1 to 4 degrees Celcius.
14. He wrote "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald.". (Lightfoot)
16. The Rocky Mountains have high peaks.
18. A large river in Western Canada. (Fraser)
21. Canada is a good source of fresh and salt water.
22. Rivers can deposit sediment and create sandbars.
25. Permanently frozen ground. (permafrost)
27. Thousands of years ago, these covered much of Canada. (glaciers)

Down

1. Fast flowing water is said to rush downstream.
2. A layer of air traps heat around the earth and acts as a greenhouse for people, animals, and plants.
4. A native of Northern Canada. (Inuit)
5. Water in our homes comes out of a tap.
6. Aboriginal art form from Canada's West Coast. (totem)
8. Pauline Johnson was born of a Mohawk father.
11. "Splish, splash, I was taking a bath..."
12. Canada has beautiful, high mountain ranges.
13. Fossil fuels create a greenhouse gas.
15. A creature that breathes through its gills. (fish)
17. The first stage of the sediment cycle. (erosion)
19. A fast moving part of a river. (rapids)
20. Weather patterns make up our climate.
23. A form of frozen precipitation. (snow)
24. A river will eventually drop, or deposit, its sediment.
26. Chemical pollutants. (toxics)

Fill in the blanks

1. The first stage in the sediment cycle is erosion.
   
   
2. Water transports soil from one place to another in the form of sediment.
   
   
3. Deposition is the term used to describe the phase of the sediment cycle in which water drops its load downstream.
   
   
4. Glaciers, wind, and water wear away small particles of rock through a process called weathering.
   
   
5. The term that means thousands of years is millennia.

True or false

False	1.  The poem "The Song My Paddle Sings" was written by Pauline Johnson.
True	2.  When early explorers and settlers first came to Canada, rivers were the main transportation system.
False	3.  Alexander Mackenzie was an early explorer.
False	4.  The Fraser River is named after Simon Fraser.
False	5.  Poets such as Charles G.D. Roberts, Bliss Carman, Archibald Lampman, and Duncan C. Scott were members of a group referred to as the Confederation poets.
True	6.  Aboriginal peoples of Canada selected sites for villages because they were close to water.
True	7.  Rivers in mountainous regions carry greater loads of sediment than rivers in the Prairies.
False	8.  The Fraser River transports almost ten times as much sediment as the St. Lawrence River.
True	9.  Glaciers covered much of North America over 10 000 years ago.

Question time

1. Why is there less river-deposited sediment in eastern Canada than in western Canada?
   • Much of the land is bedrock.
     
     
2. What are two sources of toxic chemicals carried by sediment?
   • Agriculture and industry.
     
     
3. Why is sediment a problem for navigation?
   • If sediment from fast moving rivers is deposited downstream, eventually it builds up and makes the water shallow.
     
     
4. How can sediment affect fish eggs?
   • Settling sediment can bury and suffocate fish eggs.
     
     
5. What bad effects does sediment have on water supply?
   • Sediment in the water can wear out pumps and turbines, which can increase the cost of keeping things in good repair.
     
     
6. How does construction of roads and buildings affect the environment?
   • Sediment from construction sites can find its way to sewers and streams and can increase the costs of water treatment or affect aquatic life.
     
     
7. What is the difference between weather and climate?
   • Climate is determined from the average of weather conditions and patterns over a long period of time (more than 30 years).
     
     
8. What "natural causes" can lead to changes in the climate of a region?
   • Changes in the gaseous content of the atmosphere and changes in the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface can both affect climate.
     
     
9. What is meant by "global warming"?
   • This is the term scientists use to describe what happens to the earth's climate when people and industries add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
     
     
10. How do some greenhouse gases help us?
    • They trap the sun's heat in a blanket of air around the earth and keep it from escaping into space. This keeps the earth's temperatures just right for people, animals, and plants to live.
      
      
11. What problems are associated with greenhouse gases?
    • Problems occur when we add large amounts of gases to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels in our industries, cars, and homes. These gases trap heat near the earth's surface and add to global warming.
      
      

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