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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Bacillus cereus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Bacillus cereus food poisoning CHARACTERISTICS: Large (1 x 3-4 µm), aerobic, gram-positive rod; spore forming; motile; produces heat stable and heat labile toxins SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Opportunistic pathogen; intoxication characterized by two forms: an emetic form with severe nausea and vomiting and a diarrheal form with abdominal cramps and diarrhea; both forms are usually mild and self-limiting (24 hrs); immunocompromised individuals are susceptible to bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia; also associated with posttraumatic endophthalmitis (ocular infection - rare) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; common cause of foodborne disease, especially in Europe HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: Greater that 106 organisms by ingestion (>105 organisms/g of food) MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Ingestion of foods kept at ambient conditions after cooking; emetic form frequently associated with cooked rice INCUBATION PERIOD: Emetic form 1-6 hours, average 4 hours; diarrheal form 6-24 hours, average 17 hours COMMUNICABILITY: Not communicable from person to person SECTION III - DISSEMINATION RESERVOIR: Ubiquitous organism of the soil; commonly found in low levels in raw, dried and processed foods ZOONOSIS: None VECTORS: None SECTION IV - VIABILITY DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin DRUG RESISTANCE: Resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, trimethoprim SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Spores are relatively resistant; inactivated by 2% glutaraldehyde, 5% sodium hypochlorite; prolonged contact times required PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Spores destroyed by heating at 100°C for 10 min; ionizing radiation destroys spores with 540 krad SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Spores are relatively resistant to heat and dessication; survive cooking SECTION V - MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms and confirm by identification of organism in suspected food and faeces of patients FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Supportive therapy IMMUNIZATION: None available PROPHYLAXIS: None available SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: None reported to date SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Contaminated food sources, stool PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion of contaminated material SPECIAL HAZARDS: None SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for activities involving clinical specimens and cultures PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials is unavoidable OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Good personal hygiene and frequent handwashing SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper towel and apply 5% sodium hypochlorite starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficent contact time before clean up DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled SECTION IX - MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Date prepared: November 1999 Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Copyright © [Material Safety Data Sheets - Index]
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Last Updated: 2001-01-23 | ![]() |