Procurement of Reference Publication

The titles of the publications referenced in this Chapter of the Airworthiness Manual are as follows:

International Standards and Recommended Practices - Environmental Protection, Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation:

- Volume I, Aircraft Noise,

- Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions.

Orders for these publications may be sent to the following address, together with the appropriate remittance:

Document Sales Unit
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
999 University Street
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 5H7

Telephone (514) 954-8022
Telex: 05-24513
Facsimile: (514) 954-6769
Sitatex: YULCAYA
Internet Site: sales_unit@icao.org

Preamble

This chapter incorporates by reference Chapters 2, 3, 5 and 6 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation entitled "Environmental Protection", Volume I, "Aircraft Noise", as amended by Amendment 1 dated 24 November 1983, published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Amendment 1 to Volume I incorporates the Introduction of SARPs for noise abatement operating procedures and transfer of detailed procedures to PANS-OPS, Volume I.

This change incorporates by reference the standards of Chapter 8 of ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, as amended by Amendment 2, for the noise certification of helicopters, and also the amendments to Chapters 5 and 6 of that document containing the standards for propeller-driven commuter category aeroplanes.

The content of this change was subjected to consultation with appropriate industry associations and received general acceptance (NPA 87-01).

Amendment 2 to Volume I incorporates:

a) improvements in the noise certification procedures; and

b) relaxation of maximum noise limits for helicopters

Note:

In 516-1 changes were identified by marginal black lines. In future, changes will be identified by brackets [ ]; editorial alterations and typographical corrections will not be identified.

This change incorporates by reference the standards of Chapter 10 of ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, as amended by Amendment 3, for the noise compliance certification of propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 9 000 kg, and any changes resulting from adoption of ICAO Amendment 3 to Annex 16, Volume I.

The content of this change was subjected to consultation with appropriate industry associations and received general acceptance (NPA 88-02).

Amendment 3 to Volume I incorporates:

a) further improvements in the noise certification procedures;

b) introduction of a new Chapter 10 for propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 9 000 kg maximum certificated takeoff mass; and

c) editorial changes in Part V cross-referencing the relevant provisions in the PANS-OPS (Doc 8168).

The first edition of Chapter 516, effective Nov. 30, 1985, contained aircraft noise standards, based on the International Standards and Recommended Practices of Annex 16, Volume I to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which were incorporated by reference. The chapter was subsequently amended in 1987 and 1988. While the title and the requirements of the first edition are maintained unchanged in Subchapter A of this second edition, the presentation and the wording are changed for consistency with the new Subchapter B.

In 1986, at the time of the publication of Chapter 516, the engine emission standards of Annex 16, Volume II were not adopted due to controversial interpretations of the Aeronautics Act. The Department of Justice has reviewed the issue and has concluded that, under the provisions of paragraph 4.9 (b) of the Aeronautics Act, the Department of Transport has the power to regulate aircraft engine emissions. Accordingly, following consultation with the Canadian aviation industry and the Department of Environment, the Department of Transport has adopted the aircraft engine emissions standards of Volume II of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, First edition, 1981, published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). These standards are published in the new Subchapter B.

The adoption of the standards of Annex 16, Volume II has required significant editorial changes to the first edition. Therefore, Chapter 516 is reissued in its entirety, and its title is changed to "Aircraft Emissions". In the Canadian context, environmental protection is the responsibility of the Department of Environment and, while the standards of this chapter will have an ultimate environmental effect, the authorization in paragraph 4.9 (b) of the Aeronautics Act is to regulate the design of aeronautical products. Therefore, the title "Aircraft Emissions" has been found more appropriate than "Environmental Protection", which is the title given to ICAO Annex 16.

The content of this change was subjected to consultation with appropriate industry associations and received general acceptance (NPA 91-14).

This change incorporates by reference, Amendment 4 and Amendment 2 to Volume I "Aircraft Noise", and Volume II "Aircraft Engine Emissions" respectively of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. These amendments arise from the recommendations of the second meeting on the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/2) held in December 1991.

Amendment 4 to Volume I incorporates:

a) improvements in the noise certification procedures;

b) introduction of a new Chapter 11 for light helicopters;

c) expansion of Appendix 2 to include helicopters and replacement of Appendix 4; and

d) introduction of guidance on applicability.

Amendment 2 to Volume II incorporates;

a) increased stringency of No_x emissions limits;

b) improvements in the smoke and gaseous emissions certification procedure.

The publication and release of this Change 2 to the 2^nd Edition, follows the completion of CARAC NPA 97-451 process, dated 17 November 1997.

This change incorporates by reference, Amendment 5 to Volume I "Aircraft Noise", of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. This amendment is the result of recommendations of the third meeting on the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/3) held in December 1995.

For consistency with the new Canadian Aviation Regulations, references to Air Regulation 214, have been replaced with references to the Canadian Aviation Regulations, Part V, Subpart 11. Also the term "type approval" has been replaced with "type certificate".

Amendment 5 to Volume I incorporates:

a) simplification and clarification of the noise certification schemes in Chapter 3 for propeller-driven aircraft;

b) harmonization of the helicopter Standards in Chapters 8 and 11 with national codes; and

c) alignment of the take-off mass in Chapter 10 with airworthiness limits.

Note:

Due to an administrative oversight, change 516 (2^nd Edition)-2 (renamed 516-05) of AWM Chapter 516 adopted ICAO Annex 16, Volume II, Amendment 3, without prior consultation. To correct the error, ICAO Annex 16, Volume II, Amendment 3, has been included in NPA 1999-169 and incorporated at Change 516-06.

1. General

This change incorporates by reference ICAO Annex 16 amendment 6 to Volume I, and Amendments 3 & 4 to volume II. The contents of these amendments are summarized below, and were the subject of the formal adoption process with appropriate industry associations and received CARAC acceptance.

2. ICAO Annex 16 Amendments

This change incorporates by reference the technical standards contained in the following amendments to ICAO Annex 16 resulting from the recommendations of the Fourth Meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/4) held in April 1998.

This amendment introduces an increase in stringency of Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 10 noise requirements for single-engine light propeller-driven aeroplanes; changes of a generally minor nature that are intended to improve the consistency of the Annex and reflect changes that had arisen from the on-going harmonization of the European Joint Aviation Regulations (JARs) and the United States Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs). The opportunity has also been taken to introduce a number of required editorial corrections amendments to the Annex; and introduces a definition of human performance in Part I and new provisions concerning human factors in Part V (NPA 1999- 169).

This amendment changes the criteria on calibration and test gases in Appendices 3 and 5 (NPA 1999- 169).

This amendment introduces a new paragraph "c" into Part III, Chapter 2, section 2.3.2 - Regulatory Levels. Paragraph ‘c’, lowers the emissions limits of the oxides of nitrogen (No_x) and is applicable to engines for which the date of manufacture of the first production model is after 31 December 2003 (NPA 1999- 169).

This change incorporates by reference ICAO Annex 16 amendment 7 to Volume I. The content of this amendment is summarized below, and were the subject of the formal adoption process with appropriate industry associations and received CARAC acceptance.

This change incorporates by reference the technical standards contained in the following amendments to ICAO Annex 16 resulting from the recommendations of the Fifth Meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/5) held in January 2001.

This amendment introduces an increase in stringency of the turbo jet and heavy propeller-driven aeroplane noise requirements (new Chapter 4 – existing Chapter 4 becomes Chapter 12); new provisions relating to the re-certification of Chapter 3 aeroplanes; increase in stringency of the helicopter noise requirements of Chapter 8 and 11; change to clarify or redefine existing certification procedures, align with harmonized JAR/FAR requirements, introduce new provisions relating to digital instrumentation.

1. General

This amendment adopts by reference ICAO Annex 16 amendment 8 (4^th Edition) to Volume I and ICAO Annex 16 amendment 5 to Volume II.  The content of this amendment is summarized below and is adopted in accordance with the CARAC simplified process for the amendment of design standards.

2. ICAO Annex 16 Amendments

This change incorporates by reference the technical standards contained in the following amendments to ICAO Annex 16 resulting from the recommendations of the Sixth Meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/6) held 2-12 February 2004.

This amendment introduces:  ambient noise correction procedure including definitions for "background noise", "ambient noise" and "broadband noise"; allowable wind speed limits during testing; applicability language clarification including temporary changes in type design and provisions to allow the recertification of Chapter 5 aeroplanes to Chapter 4; rotorcraft-related technical issues; and new Attachments G and H containing guidelines for the administration of noise certification documentation and guidelines for obtaining helicopter noise data for land-use planning purposes, respectively (NPA 2006-008).

This amendment introduces an increase in stringency of the NOX emissions Standards (NPA 2006-037).

 PART V - AIRWORTHINESS AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL CHAPTER 516 - AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS

(2001/09/01; previous version)

SUBCHAPTER A AIRCRAFT NOISE

516.1 General

(a) This subchapter contains noise standards for subsonic turbo‑jet and propeller‑driven aeroplanes and helicopters.

(b) Each person who, following the procedure set out in the Canadian Aviation Regulations, Chapter V, Subpart 11, applies for a type certificate or an amendment to an existing type certificate approving a new model of, or an acoustical change to the aircraft, must show compliance with the applicable requirements of this subpart.

(2^nd Edition, Change 2 (98-02-08))

516.3 Interpretation

In this subchapter,

(a) “Annex 16, Volume I” means Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume I entitled “Environmental Protection ‑ Aircraft Noise”, Fourth Edition ‑ July 2005, as amended up to and including Amendment 8 dated 11 July 2005, published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
(amended 2007/03/08; previous version)

(b) The words "type certificate" shall be substituted for the words "certificate of airworthiness for the prototype", wherever they appear in the publications referenced in section 516.5 and 516.7.

Information Note:

For the purpose of determining the applicable noise standards, the applicability dates are the dates set out in the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CAR) Part V, Subpart 11, sections 511.07(1)(c) and 511.21(4)(b). Unless otherwise defined in Chapter 500 of this Manual, the definitions contained in Annex 16, Volume I, Part I, apply.

(2^nd Edition (93-11-11))
(2^nd Edition, Change 2 (98-02-08))
(Change 516-06 (99-11-23))

516.5 Noise Emission Standards

Subject to the changes specified in paragraph 516.3(b), the standards related to aircraft noise emission are those contained in the following Chapters of Annex 16, Volume I, Part II:

(a) Chapter 2, entitled "Subsonic jet aeroplanes - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted before 6 October 1977".

(b) Chapter 3, entitled:

“1. Subsonic jet aeroplanes - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 6 October 1977 and before 1 January 2006”.
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

"2. Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 5700 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 1 January 1985 and before 17 November 1988".

“3. Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 8618 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 17 November 1988 and before 1 January 2006”.
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

(c) Chapter 4, entitled:
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

“1. Subsonic jet aeroplanes - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 1 January 2006”.
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

“2. Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 8618 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 1 January 2006”.
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

(d) Chapter 5, entitled "Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 5700 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted before 1 January 1985".

(e) Chapter 6, entitled "Propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 8618 kg- Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted before 17 November 1988".

(f) Chapter 8, entitled "Helicopters".

(g) Chapter 10, entitled "Propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 8618 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype or derived version accepted on or after 17 November 1988".

(h) Chapter 11, entitled “Helicopters not exceeding 3175 kg maximum certificated take-off mass”.
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

(2^nd Edition (93-11-11))

516.7 Noise Evaluation Methods

Subject to the changes specified in paragraph 516.3(b), the methods for the evaluation of aircraft noise are those contained in the following Appendices of Annex 16, Volume I:

(a) APPENDIX 1, entitled "Evaluation method for noise certification of subsonic jet aeroplanes - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted before 6 October 1977".

(b) APPENDIX 2, entitled "Evaluation method for noise certification of:"

"1. Subsonic jet aeroplanes - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 6 October 1977."

"2. Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 5700 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 1 January 1985 and before 17 November 1988."

"3. Propeller-driven aeroplanes over 8618 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 17 November 1988."

"4. Helicopters."

(2nd Edition (93-11-11))

(c) APPENDIX 3, entitled "Noise evaluation method for noise certification of propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 8618 kg - Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted before 17 November 1988."

(d) APPENDIX 4, entitled “Evaluation method for noise certification of helicopters not exceeding 3175 kg maximum certificated take-off mass.”
(amended 2003/08/06; previous version)

(e) APPENDIX 6, entitled "Noise evaluation method for noise certification of propeller-driven aeroplanes not exceeding 8618 kg- Application for certificate of airworthiness for the prototype accepted on or after 17 November 1988".

(f) APPENDIX 7, deleted.

(2nd Edition (93-11-11))
(2nd Edition, Change 2 (98-02-08))

SUBCHAPTER B AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS

516.101 General

(a) This subchapter contains standards related to:

(1) The prevention of intentional fuel venting of all turbine engine powered aircraft; and

(2) Engine emissions of turbo-jet and turbofan engines intended for propulsion at subsonic or supersonic speeds, as applicable.

(b) Pursuant to the Canadian Aviation Regulations, Chapter V, Subpart 11, each person who, following the procedure set out in Chapter 511, applies for a type certificate, or an amendment to a type certificate approving a new model of, or any change affecting the fuel venting or the engine emission, of the aircraft, must show compliance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

(2nd Edition, Change 2 (98-02-08))

516.103 Interpretation

In this subchapter,

(a) “Annex 16, Volume II” means Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume II entitled “Environmental Protection ‑ Aircraft Engine Emissions”, Second Edition ‑ July 1993, as amended by and including Amendment 5 dated 11 July 2005, published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
(amended 2007/03/08; previous version)

(b) The words "type certificate" shall be substituted for the words "type certificate for the first basic type", where ever they appear in the publications referred in section 516.105, 516.107 and 516.109.

Information Note:

Unless otherwise defined in Chapter 500 of this Manual, the definitions and symbols contained in annex 16, Volume II, Part I, apply.

(2nd Edition (93-11-11))
(2nd Edition, Change 2 (98-02-08))
(Change 516-06 (99-11-23))

516.105 Vented Fuel Standards

The standards related to the prevention of intentional fuel venting are those contained in Annex 16, Volume II, Part II "Vented Fuel".

516.107 Aircraft Engine Emission Standards

The standards related to aircraft engine emissions are those contained in Annex 16, Volume II, Part III "Emission certification", as follows:

(a) CHAPTER 2, entitled "Turbo-jet and turbofan engines intended for propulsion only at subsonic speeds"; and

(b) CHAPTER 3, entitled "Turbo-jet and turbofan engines intended for propulsion at supersonic speeds".

516.109 Aircraft Engine Emission Evaluation Methods

The methods for the evaluation of aircraft engine emissions are those contained in Annex 16, Volume II, Appendices 1 through 6 inclusive.