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Effective Date: August 22, 2007
Mandatory Compliance Date: February 22, 2008
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Technical Standards Document
Number 302, Revision 0
Flammability of Interior Materials
(Ce document est aussi disponible
en français.)
As defined by section
12 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Act, a Technical Standards Document
(TSD) is a document that reproduces an enactment of a foreign government
(e.g. a Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard issued by the U.S. National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration). According to the Act, the Motor
Vehicle Safety Regulations may alter or override some provisions
contained in a TSD or specify additional requirements; consequently, it
is advisable to read a TSD in conjunction with the Act and its counterpart
Regulation. As a guide, where the corresponding Regulation contains additional
requirements, footnotes indicate the amending subsection number.
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made to the reference document, at which time a Notice of Revision is
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Effective Date and Mandatory Compliance Date
Compliance with the requirements of a TSD that is being introduced
for the first time is not mandatory until six months after publication
in the Canada Gazette, Part II, of the Regulations that incorporate
the TSD. In the case of a revision, compliance becomes mandatory six months
after publication of the Notice of revision in the Canada Gazette,
Part I, as long as the requirements of the previous version continue to
be met. Voluntary compliance is permitted as of the Effective Date of
the TSD.
Official Version of Technical Standards Documents
Technical Standards Documents may be consulted electronically in both
HTML and Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Department of Transport’s
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The PDF version is a replica of the TSD as published by the Department
and is to be used for the purposes of legal interpretation and application.
The HTML version is provided for information purposes only.
(Original signed by)
Director, Standards Research and Development
for the Minister of Transport,
Infrastructure and Communities
Ottawa, Ontario
Technical Standards Document
Number 302, Revision 0
FLAMMABILITY OF INTERIOR MATERIALS
The text of this document is based on Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard No. 302, Flammability of Interior Materials,
as published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,
Part 571, revised as of October 1, 2006.
S1. Scope
This Technical Standards Document (TSD) standard
specifies burn resistance requirements for materials used in the occupant
compartments of motor vehicles.
S2. Purpose
The purpose of this TSD standard is to reduce
the deaths and injuries to motor vehicle occupants caused by vehicle fires,
especially those originating in the interior of the vehicle from sources
such as matches or cigarettes.
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S3. Application
[CONTENT DELETED] For applicability, see
Schedule III and subsection
302(1) of Schedule IV to the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations.
S3A. Definition
Occupant compartment air space means the space within the occupant compartment that normally
contains refreshable air. (Espace d'air de l'habitacle)
S4. Requirements
S4.1 The portions described in S4.2 of the
following components of vehicle occupant compartments shall meet
the requirements of S4.3: Seat cushions, seat backs, seat belts, headlining,
convertible tops, arm rests, all trim panels including door, front, rear,
and side panels, compartment shelves, head restraints, floor coverings,
sun visors, curtains, shades, wheel-housing covers, engine compartment
covers, mattress covers, and any other interior materials, including padding
and crash-deployed elements, that are designed to absorb energy on contact
by occupants in the event of a crash.
S4.1.1 [Reserved]
S4.2 Any portion of a single or composite
material which is within 13 mm of the occupant compartment air space shall
meet the requirements of S4.3.
S4.2.1 Any material that does not adhere to other material(s) at every point of contact
shall meet the requirements of S4.3 when tested separately.
S4.2.2 Any material that adheres to other materials at every point of contact shall meet the
requirements of S4.3 when tested as a composite with the other material(s).
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Material A has a non-adhering interface
with material B and is tested separately. Part of material B is within
13 mm of the occupant compartment air space, and materials B
and C adhere at every point of contact; therefore, B and C are
tested as a composite. The cut is in material C as shown, to make
a specimen 13 mm thick.
S4.3
(a) When tested in accordance with S5, material described in S4.1 and
S4.2 shall not burn, nor transmit a flame front across its surface,
at a rate of more than 102 mm per minute. The requirement concerning
transmission of a flame front shall not apply to a surface created by
cutting a test specimen for purposes of testing pursuant to S5.
(b) If a material stops burning before it has burned for 60 seconds
from the start of timing, and has not burned more than 51 mm from the
point where the timing was started, it shall be considered to meet the
burn-rate requirement of S4.3(a).
S5.1 Conditions
S5.1.1
The test is conducted in a metal cabinet for protecting the test specimens
from drafts. The interior of the cabinet is 381 mm long, 203 mm deep,
and 356 mm high. It has a glass observation window in the front, a closable
opening to permit insertion of the specimen holder, and a hole to accommodate
tubing for a gas burner. For ventilation, it has a 13-mm clearance space
around the top of the cabinet, ten holes in the base of the cabinet, each
hole 19 mm in diameter, and legs to elevate the bottom of the cabinet
by 10 mm, all located as shown in Figure 1. |
Figure 1
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S5.1.2 Prior to testing, each specimen is conditioned for 24 hours at a temperature of 21ºC
and a relative humidity of 50 percent, and the test is conducted under those ambient
conditions.
S5.1.3 The test specimen is inserted between two matching U-shaped frames of metal stock 25
mm wide and 10 mm high. The interior dimensions of the U-shaped frames are 51 mm wide by 330
mm long. A specimen that softens and bends at the flaming end so as to cause erratic burning
is kept horizontal by supports consisting of thin, heat-resistant wires spanning the width of
the U-shaped frame under the specimen at 25-mm intervals. A device that may be used for
supporting this type of material is an additional U-shaped frame, wider than the U-shaped
frame containing the specimen, spanned by 0.254-mm (10-mil) wires of heat-resistant
composition at 25-mm intervals, inserted over the bottom U-shaped frame.
S5.1.4 A bunsen burner with a tube of 10-mm inside diameter is used. The gas adjusting valve
is set to provide a flame, with the tube vertical, of 38 mm in height. The air inlet to the
burner is closed.
S5.1.5 The gas supplied to the burner has a flame temperature equivalent to that of natural
gas.
S5.2 Preparation of Specimens
S5.2.1 Each specimen of material to be tested shall be a rectangle 102 mm wide by 356 mm
long, wherever possible. The thickness of the specimen is that of the single or composite
material used in the vehicle, except that if the material's thickness exceeds 13 mm, the
specimen is cut down to that thickness measured from the surface of the specimen closest to
the occupant compartment air space. Where it is not possible to obtain a flat specimen
because of surface curvature, the specimen is cut to not more than 13 mm in thickness at any
point. The maximum available length or width of a specimen is used where either dimension is
less than 356 mm or 102 mm, respectively, unless surrogate testing is required under S4.1.1.
S5.2.2 The specimen is produced by cutting the material in the direction that provides the
most adverse test results. The specimen is oriented so that the surface closest to the
occupant compartment air space faces downward on the test frame.
S5.2.3 Material with a napped or tufted surface is placed on a flat surface and combed twice
against the nap with a comb having seven to eight smooth, rounded teeth per 25 mm.
S5.3 Procedure
(a) Mount the specimen so that both sides and one end are held by the
U-shaped frame, and one end is even with the open end of the frame. Where
the maximum available width of a specimen is not more than 51 mm, so that
the sides of the specimen cannot be held in the U-shaped frame, place
the specimen in position on wire supports as described in S5.1.3, with
one end held by the closed end of the U-shaped frame.
(b) Place the mounted specimen in a horizontal position in the center
of the cabinet.
(c) With the flame adjusted according to S5.1.4, position the bunsen
burner and specimen so that the center of the burner tip is 19 mm below
the center of the bottom edge of the open end of the specimen.
(d) Expose the specimen to the flame for 15 seconds.
(e) Begin timing (without reference to the period of application of the
burner flame) when the flame from the burning specimen reaches a point
38 mm from the open end of the specimen.
(f) Measure the time that it takes the flame to progress to a point 38
mm from the clamped end of the specimen. If the flame does not reach the
specified end point, time its progress to the point where flaming stops.
(g) Calculate the burn rate from the formula:
B = 60 x D
T
where:
B = Burn rate in millimeters per minute
D = Length the flame travels in millimeters, and
T = Time in seconds for the flame to travel D millimeters.
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