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Effective Date: June 9, 2007
Mandatory Compliance Date: December 9, 2007
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Technical Standards Document
Number 108, Revision 4
Lamps, Reflective Devices, and
Associated Equipment
(Ce document
est aussi disponible en français.)
Introduction
As defined by section
12 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Act, a Technical Standards Document
(TSD) is a document that reproduces an enactment of a foreign government
(e.g. a Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard issued by the U.S. National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration). According to the Act, the Motor
Vehicle Safety Regulations may alter or override some provisions
contained in a TSD or specify additional requirements; consequently, it
is advisable to read a TSD in conjunction with the Act and sections 108
and 108.1 of the Regulations. As a guide, where modifications have been
made, they are indicated in the margin of the TSD within parentheses (
) when they refer to section 108 and within braces { } when they refer
to section 108.1.
TSDs are revised from time to time in order to incorporate amendments
made to the reference document, at which time a Notice of Revision is
published in the Canada Gazette, Part I. All TSDs are assigned
a revision number, with “Revision 0” designating the original
version.
Identification of Changes
In order to facilitate the incorporation of a TSD, certain non-technical
changes may be made to the foreign enactment. These may include the deletion
of words, phrases, figures, or sections that do not apply under the Act
or Regulations, the conversion of imperial to metric units, the deletion
of superseded dates, and minor changes of an editorial nature. Additions
are underlined, and provisions that do not apply are stroked
through. Where an entire section has been deleted, it is replaced
by: “[CONTENT DELETED]”. Changes are also made where there
is a reporting requirement or reference in the foreign enactment that
does not apply in Canada. For example, the name and address of the U.S.
Department of Transportation are replaced by those of the Department of
Transport, Infrastructure and Communities.
Effective Date and Mandatory Compliance Date
Compliance with the requirements of a TSD that is being introduced for
the first time is not mandatory until six months after publication in
the Canada Gazette, Part II, of the Regulations that incorporate
the TSD. In the case of a revision, compliance becomes mandatory six months
after publication of the Notice of revision in the Canada Gazette,
Part I, as long as the requirements of the previous version continue to
be met. Voluntary compliance is permitted as of the Effective Date of
the TSD.
Official Version of Technical Standards Documents
Technical Standards Documents may be consulted electronically in both
HTML and Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Department of Transports
Web site at www.tc.gc.ca/RoadSafety/mvstm_tsd/index_e.htm.
The PDF version is a replica of the TSD as published by the Department
and is to be used for the purposes of legal interpretation and application.
The HTML version is provided for information purposes only.
(Original signed by)
Director, Standards Research and Development
for the Minister of Transport,
Infrastructure and Communities
Ottawa, Ontario
Technical Standards Document
Number 108, Revision 4
LAMPS, REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND
ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
The text of this document is based on Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard No. 108, Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment,
as published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title
49, Part 571, revised as of October 1, 2006.
S1. Scope
This Technical Standards Document (TSD) standard
specifies requirements for original and replacement lamps,
reflective devices, and associated equipment fitted to new motor vehicles.
S2. Purpose
The purpose of this TSD standard is to reduce
traffic accidents, deaths, and injuries resulting from traffic accidents
by providing adequate illumination of the roadway and by enhancing the
conspicuity of motor vehicles on public roads so that their presence is
perceived and their signals understood, both in daylight and in darkness
or other conditions of reduced visibility.
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(1)** |
S3. Application
[CONTENT DELETED] For applicability, see Schedule
III and section 108 of Schedule IV to the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations
(MVSR).
S4. Definitions
Aiming reference plane means a plane which is perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to the forward-most aiming
pad on the headlamp. (Plan d'orientation repère)
Axis of reference means the characteristic axis of the
lamp for use as the direction of reference (H = 0°, V = 0°) for
angles of field for photometric measurements and for installing the lamp
on the vehicle. (Axe de référence)
Beam contributor means an indivisible optical assembly, including
a lens, reflector, and light source, that is part of an integral beam
headlighting system and contributes only a portion of a headlamp beam.
(Projecteur contribuant)
Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted on a multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of providing illumination to load
or unload cargo. (Feu de déchargement)
Cutoff means a generally horizontal, visual/optical aiming cue
in the lower beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and
lower luminance. (Coupure)
Direct reading indicator means a device that is mounted in its
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting equipment,
is part of a VHAD, and provides information about headlamp aim in an analog
or digital format. (Indicateur à lecture directe)
Effective light-emitting surface means that portion
of a lamp that directs light to the photometric test pattern, and does
not include transparent lenses, mounting hole bosses, the reflex reflector
area, beads, or rims that may glow or produce small areas of increased
intensity as a result of uncontrolled light from an area of 0.5-degree
radius around a test point. (Surface de sortie efficace de la lumière)
Effective projected luminous lens area means the area
of the orthogonal projection of the effective light-emitting surface of
a lamp on a plane perpendicular to a defined direction relative to the
axis of reference. Unless otherwise specified, the direction is coincident
with the axis of reference. (Surface lumineuse efficace projetée
d’une lentille)
Filament means that part of the light source or light emitting
element(s), such as a resistive element, the excited portion of a specific
mixture of gases under pressure, or any part of other energy conversion
sources, that generates radiant energy which can be seen. (Filament)
* Flash means a cycle of activation
and deactivation of a lamp by automatic means continuing until stopped
either automatically or manually. (Clignotement)
Fully opened means the position of the headlamp concealment device
in which the headlamp is in the design open operating position. (Entièrement
ouvert)
Headlamp concealment device means a device, with its operating
system and components, that provides concealment of the headlamp when
it is not in use, including a movable headlamp cover and a headlamp that
displaces for concealment purposes. (Dispositif de dissimulation de
projecteur)
Headlamp test fixture means a device designed to support a headlamp
or headlamp assembly in the test position specified in the laboratory
tests and whose mounting hardware and components are those necessary to
operate the headlamp as installed in a motor vehicle. (Appareil d'essai
de projecteur)
Integral beam headlamp means a headlamp (other than a standardized
sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.3 or a replaceable
bulb headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.5) comprising an integral
and indivisible optical assembly including lens, reflector, and light
source, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S7.8.5.2 or paragraph
S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be replaceable. (Projecteur à
faisceau intégré)
Multiple compartment lamp means a device which gives its indication
by two or more separately lighted areas which are joined by one or more
common parts, such as a housing or lens. (Feu à compartiments
multiples)
Multiple lamp arrangement means an array of two or more separate
lamps on each side of the vehicle which operate together to give a signal.
(Arrangement à feux multiples)
Remote reading indicator means a device that is not mounted in
its entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting equipment,
but otherwise meets the definition of a direct reading indicator. (Téléindicateur)
Replaceable bulb headlamp means a headlamp comprising a bonded
lens and reflector assembly and one or two replaceable headlamp light
sources, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S7.8.5.2 or paragraph
S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be replaceable. (Projecteur à
ampoule remplaçable)
Replaceable light source means an assembly of a capsule, base,
and terminals that is designed to conform to the specifications specified
or provided in accordance with section 108 of the MVSR requirements
of Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 Replaceable Light Source Information
of this Chapter. (Source lumineuse remplaçable)
Vehicle headlamp aiming device or VHAD means motor vehicle
equipment, installed either on a vehicle or headlamp, which is used for
determining the horizontal or vertical aim, or both the vertical and horizontal
aim of the headlamp. (Dispositif d'orientation intégré du véhicule
ou DOIV)
Visually/optically aimable headlamp means a headlamp which is
designed to be visually/optically aimable in accordance with the requirements
of paragraph S7.8.5.3 of this TSD standard. (Projecteur
orientable visuellement/optiquement)
S5. Requirements
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(8) |
S5.1 Required motor vehicle lighting equipment
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(2)
(8)
(12)
(26) |
S5.1.1 Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of this S5.1.1,
each vehicle shall be equipped with at least the number of lamps, reflective
devices, and associated equipment specified in Tables I and III and S7,
as applicable. Required equipment shall be designed to conform to the
SAE Standards or Recommended Practices referenced in those tables. Table
I applies to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses
2.05 m or more (80 or more inches) in overall width. Table III
applies to passenger cars and motorcycles and to multipurpose passenger
vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses less than 2.05 m (80 inches)
in overall width.
S5.1.1.1 A truck tractor need not be equipped with turn signal
lamps mounted on the rear if the turn signal lamps at or near the front
are so constructed (double-faced) and so located that they meet the requirements
for double-faced turn signals specified in SAE Standard J588e, Turn
Signal Lamps, September 1970.
S5.1.1.2 A truck tractor need not be equipped with any rear side
marker devices, rear clearance lamps, and rear identification lamps.
S5.1.1.3 Intermediate side marker devices are not required on
vehicles less than 9.1 m (30 feet) in overall length.
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(10) |
S5.1.1.4 Reflective material conforming to Federal Specification
L-S-300, Sheeting and Tape, Reflective; Non-exposed Lens, Adhesive Backing,
September 7, 1965, may be used for side reflex reflectors if this material,
as used on the vehicle, meets the performance standards in either Table I
or Table IA of SAE Standard J594f, Reflex Reflectors, January
1977.
S5.1.1.5 The turn signal operating unit on each passenger car
and multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus less than 2.05 m
(80 inches) in overall width shall be self-canceling by steering
wheel rotation and capable of cancellation by a manually operated control.
S5.1.1.6 Instead of the photometric values specified in Table
1 of SAE Standards J222 December 1970 or J585e September 1977, a parking
lamp or tail lamp, respectively, shall meet the minimum percentage specified
in Figure 1A of the corresponding minimum allowable value specified in
Figure 1B. The maximum candlepower output of a parking lamp shall not
exceed that prescribed in Figure 1B, or of a tail lamp that prescribed
in Figure 1B at H or above. If the sum of the percentages of the minimum
candlepower measured at the test points is not less than that specified
for each group listed in Figure 1C, a parking lamp or tail lamp is not
required to meet the minimum photometric value at each test point specified
in SAE Standards J222 or J585e, respectively.
S5.1.1.7 A motorcycle turn signal lamp need meet only one-half
of the minimum photometric values specified in Table 1 and Table 3 of
SAE J588 NOV84, Turn Signal Lamps.
S5.1.1.8 For each motor vehicle less than 9.1 m (30 feet)
in overall length, the photometric minimum candlepower requirements for
side marker lamps specified in SAE Standard J592e, Clearance, Side
Marker, and Identification Lamps, July 1972, may be met for all inboard
test points at a distance of 4.6 m (15 feet) from the vehicle and
on a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle and located midway between the front and rear side marker
lamps.
S5.1.1.9 A boat trailer whose overall width is 2.05 m (80
inches) or more need not be equipped with both front and rear clearance
lamps, provided an amber (to front) and red (to rear) clearance lamp is
located at or near the midpoint on each side so as to indicate its extreme
width.
S5.1.1.10 Multiple license plate lamps and backup lamps may be
used to fulfill the requirements of the SAE Standards applicable to such
lamps referenced in Tables I and III.
S5.1.1.11 A stop lamp that is not optically combined, as defined
by SAE Information Report J387, Terminology - Motor Vehicle Lighting,
NOV87, with a turn signal lamp shall remain activated when the turn
signal lamp is flashing.
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(11) |
S5.1.1.12 On a motor vehicle, except a passenger car,
whose overall width is 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more, measurements of the
effective projected luminous lens area, and of the photometrics of a multiple
compartment stop lamp and a multiple compartment turn signal lamp, shall
be made for the entire lamp and not for the individual compartments.
S5.1.1.13 Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle,
truck, and bus of less than 2.05 m (80 inches) overall width shall
be equipped with a turn signal operating unit designed to complete a durability
test of 100,000 cycles.
S5.1.1.14 A trailer that is less than 760 mm (30 inches)
in overall width may be equipped with only one tail lamp, stop lamp, and
rear reflex reflector, which shall be located at or near its vertical
centerline.
S5.1.1.15 A trailer that is less than 1.8 m (6 feet) in
overall length, including the trailer tongue, need not be equipped with
front side marker lamps and front side reflex reflectors.
S5.1.1.16 A lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not been
assigned a mean spherical candlepower rating by its manufacturer and is
not listed in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units,
December 1968, shall meet the applicable requirements of this TSD
standard when used with any bulb of the type specified
by the lamp manufacturer, operated at the bulb’s design voltage. A lamp
that contains a sealed-in bulb shall meet these requirements with the
bulb operated at the bulb’s design voltage.
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(6) |
S5.1.1.17 Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp shall
meet the applicable requirements of this TSD standard
when tested with a bulb whose filament is positioned within ± 0.25 mm
(± 0.010 inch) of the nominal design position specified in SAE
Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 1968, or specified
by the bulb manufacturer.
S5.1.1.18 A backup lamp is not required to meet the minimum photometric
values at each test point specified in Table I of SAE Standard J593c,
Backup Lamps, February 1968, if the sum of the candlepower measured
at the test points within each group listed in Figure 2 is not less than
the group totals specified in that figure.
S5.1.1.19 Each variable load turn signal flasher shall comply
with the voltage drop and durability requirements of SAE Standard
J590b, Turn Signal Flashers, October 1965, with the maximum design
load connected, and shall comply with starting time, flash rate, and percent
current "on" time requirements of J590b, both with the minimum
and with the maximum design load connected.
S5.1.1.20 The lowest voltage drop for turn signal flashers and
hazard warning signal flashers measured between the input and load terminals
shall not exceed 0.8 volt.
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(11) |
S5.1.1.21 A motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in
1 mile is 30 mph or less need not be equipped with turn signal lamps. |
(7) |
S5.1.1.22 A limited-speed motorcycle motor-driven
cycle whose speed attainable in 1.6 km (1 mile)
is 50 km/h (30 mph) or less may be equipped with a stop lamp whose
effective projected luminous lens area is not less than 23 cm2
(3.5 square inches) and whose photometric output for the groups of test
points specified in Figure 1 is at least one-half of the minimum values
set forth in that figure. |
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S5.1.1.23 [Reserved]
S5.1.1.24 [Reserved]
S5.1.1.25 Each turn signal lamp on a motorcycle shall
have an effective projected luminous lens area of not less than 2,258
mm2 (3.5 square inches).
S5.1.1.26 On a motor vehicle whose overall width is less than
2.05 m (80 inches):
(a) The effective projected luminous lens area of a single compartment
stop lamp, and a single compartment rear turn signal lamp, shall be not
less than 50 cm2 (7.75 square inches).
(b) If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple lamps are used to meet
the photometric requirements for stop lamps and rear turn signal lamps,
the effective projected luminous lens area of each compartment or lamp
shall be at least 22 cm2, provided the combined area is at
least 50 cm2 (7.75 square inches).
S5.1.1.27
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each passenger
car manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, and each
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus whose overall width is
less than 2.05 m (80 inches) and whose GVWR is 4,536 kg
(10,000 pounds) or less manufactured on or after September
1, 1993, shall be equipped with a high-mounted stop lamp which:
(1) Shall have an effective projected luminous lens area not less
than 2,903 mm2 (4.5 square inches).
(2) Shall meet the visibility requirements specified in S5.3.2(c).
(3) Shall have the minimum photometric values in the amount and location
listed in Figure 10.
(4) Need not meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.1.6 Moisture Test,
3.1.7 Dust Test, and 3.1.8 Corrosion Test of SAE Recommended Practice
J186a, Supplemental High-Mounted Stop and Rear Turn Signal Lamps,
September 1977, if it is mounted inside the vehicle.
(5) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulb without
the use of special tools.
(b) Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus whose overall
width is less than 2.05 m (80 inches), whose GVWR is
4,536 kg (10,000 pounds) or less, whose vertical centerline, when
the vehicle is viewed from the rear, is not located on a fixed body panel
but separates one or two movable body sections, such as doors, which lacks
sufficient space to install a single high-mounted stop lamp on the centerline
above such body sections, and which is manufactured on or after
September 1, 1993, shall have two high-mounted stop lamps which:
(1) Are identical in size and shape and have an effective projected
luminous lens area not less than 1,452 mm2 (2.25 square inches)
each.
(2) Shall meet the visibility requirements specified in S5.3.2(d).
(3) Together have the minimum photometric values specified in paragraph
(a)(3) of this S5.1.1.27.
(4) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulbs without
special tools.
S5.1.1.28 [Reserved]
S5.1.1.29 A trailer equipped with a conspicuity treatment in conformance
with paragraph S5.7 of this TSD standard need
not be equipped with the reflex reflectors required by Table I of
this TSD standard if the conspicuity material
is placed at the locations of the reflex reflectors required by Table I.
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{1}** |
S5.1.2 Plastic materials used for optical parts such as lenses and
reflectors shall conform to SAE Recommended Practice J576 JUL91, except
that:
(a) Plastic lenses (other than those incorporating reflex reflectors)
used for inner lenses or those covered by another material and not exposed
directly to sunlight shall meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.3 and
4.2 of SAE J576 JUL91 when covered by the outer lens or other material;
(b) After the outdoor exposure test, the haze and loss of surface
luster of plastic materials (other than those incorporating reflex reflectors)
used for outer lenses shall not be greater than 30 percent haze
as measured by ASTM D 1003-92, Haze and Luminous Transmittance of
Transparent Plastic;
(c) After the outdoor exposure test, plastic materials used for
reflex reflectors and for lenses used in front of reflex reflectors
shall not show surface deterioration, crazing, dimensional changes,
color bleeding, delamination, loss of surface luster, or haze that exceeds
7 percent as measured under ASTM D 1003-92.
(d) The thickness of the test specimens specified in paragraph 3.2.2
of SAE J576 JUL91 may vary by as much as ± 0.25 mm.
(e) After exposure to the heat test as specified in subparagraph
(f) of this paragraph, and after cooling to room ambient temperature,
a test specimen shall show no change in shape and general appearance
discernible to the naked eye when compared with an unexposed specimen.
The trichromatic coefficients of the samples shall conform to the requirements
of SAE Standard J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting
Devices, February 1977.
(f) Two samples of each thickness of each plastic material are used
in the heat test. Each sample is supported at the bottom, with at least
51 mm of the sample above the support, in the vertical position in
such a manner that, on each side, the minimum uninterrupted area of exposed
surface is not less than 3,225 sq. mm. The samples are placed
for two hours in a circulating air oven at 79 ± 3 degrees C.
(g) All outdoor exposure tests shall be 3 years in duration,
whether the material is exposed or protected. Accelerated weathering
procedures are not permitted.
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(65) |
S5.1.3 No additional lamp, reflective device, or other motor vehicle
equipment shall be installed that impairs the effectiveness of lighting
equipment required by this TSD standard. |
(13) |
S5.1.4 Each school bus shall be equipped with a system of either:
(a) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887,
School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and installed in accordance
with that standard; or
(b) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887,
School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and four amber signal
lamps designed to conform to that standard, except for their color and
except that their candlepower shall be at least 2½ times that specified
for red signal lamps. Both red and amber lamps shall be installed in
accordance with SAE Standard J887, except that:
(i) Each amber signal lamp shall be located near each red signal
lamp, at the same level, but closer to the vertical centerline of
the bus; and
(ii) The system shall be wired so that the amber signal lamps
are activated only by manual or foot operation, and if activated are
automatically deactivated, and the red signal lamps automatically
activated when the bus entrance door is opened.
S5.1.5 The color in all lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment to which this TSD standard applies shall
comply with SAE Standard J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal
Lighting Devices, February 1977.
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S5.2 Other requirements
S5.2.1 The words "it is recommended that", "recommendations",
or "should be" appearing in any SAE Standard or Recommended
Practice referenced or subreferenced in this TSD standard
shall be read as setting forth mandatory requirements, except that the
aiming pads on the lens face and the black area surrounding the signal
lamp recommended in SAE Standard J887, School Bus Red Signal Lamps,
July 1964, are not required.
S5.2.2 The words "Type 1 (5¾")", "Type 2 (5¾")",
"Type 2 (7")", "Type 1A", "Type 2A",
and "Type 2B" appearing in any SAE Standard or Recommended Practice
reference or subreferenced in this TSD standard
shall also be read as setting forth requirements respectively for the
following types of headlamps: 1C1, 2C1, 2D1, 1A1, 2A1, and 2B1.
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(14)
(14.1)
(15)
(65)
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S5.3 Location of required
equipment
Except as provided in paragraphs S5.3.2, S5.7, and S7, each lamp, reflective
device, and item of associated equipment shall be securely mounted on
a rigid part of the vehicle other than glazing that is not designed to
be removed except for repair, in accordance with the requirements of Table
I and Table III, as applicable, and in the location specified in Table
II [multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses 2.05
m or more (80 or more inches) in overall width] or Table IV [all passenger
cars and motorcycles, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers,
and buses less than 2.05 m (80 inches) in overall width], as applicable.
S5.3.1 [Reserved]
[In accordance with the Notice that was published in the Canada
Gazette, Part I, on June 9, 2007, see S5.3.]
S5.3.1.1 [Reserved]
[In accordance with the Notice that was published in the Canada
Gazette, Part I, on June 9, 2007, see S5.3.2.]
S5.3.1.1.1 [Reserved]
S5.3.1.2 On a truck tractor, the red rear reflex reflectors may
be mounted on the back of the cab at a minimum height not less than 100
mm (4 inches) above the height of the rear tires.
S5.3.1.3 On a trailer, the amber front side reflex reflectors
and amber front side marker lamps may be located as far forward as practicable,
exclusive of the trailer tongue.
S5.3.1.4 When the rear identification lamps are mounted at the
extreme height of a vehicle, rear clearance lamps need not meet the requirement
of Table II that they be located as close as practicable to the top of
the vehicle.
S5.3.1.5 [Reserved]
S5.3.1.6 On a truck tractor, clearance lamps mounted on the cab
may be located to indicate the width of the cab, rather than the overall
width of the vehicle.
S5.3.1.7 On a motor vehicle on which the front turn signal lamp
is less than 100 mm from the lighted edge of a lower beam headlamp, as
measured from the optical center of the turn signal lamp, the multiplier
applied to obtain the required minimum luminous intensities shall be 2.5.
S5.3.1.8
(a) Each high-mounted stop lamp installed in or on a vehicle subject
to S5.1.1.27(a) shall be located as follows:
(1) With its center at any place on the vertical centerline of the
vehicle, including the glazing, as the vehicle is viewed from the rear.
(2) If the lamp is mounted below the rear window, no portion of the
lens shall be lower than 153 mm (6 inches) below the rear window
on convertibles, or 77 mm (3 inches) on other passenger
cars.
(3) If the lamp is mounted inside the vehicle, means shall be provided
to minimize reflections from the light of the lamp upon the rear window
glazing that might be visible to the driver when viewed directly, or indirectly
in the rearview mirror.
(b) The high-mounted stop lamps installed in or on a vehicle subject
to S5.1.1.27(b) shall be located at the same height, with one vertical
edge of each lamp on the vertical edge of the body section nearest the
vertical centerline.
S5.3.2 Except as provided in S5.3.2.1 through S5.3.2.4
and in paragraphs S5.7 and S7, each vehicle must conform to the following
requirements:
(a) Each lamp and reflective device must be installed in a location where
it complies with all applicable photometric requirements and visibility
requirements, with all obstructions (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker
booms, backhoes, and winches) installed on the vehicle.
(b) A manufacturer must certify compliance of each lamp to one of the
following visibility requirement options, and it may not thereafter choose
a different option for that vehicle:
(1) When a vehicle is equipped with any lamp listed in Figure 19 of
this TSD standard, each such lamp must provide not less than
12.5 cm2 of unobstructed effective projected luminous lens area
in any direction throughout the pattern defined by the corner points specified
in Figure 19 for each such lamp; or (2) When a vehicle is equipped with
any lamp listed in Figure 20 of this TSD standard, each such
lamp must provide a luminous intensity not less than that specified in Figure
20 in any direction throughout the pattern defined by the corner points
specified in Figure 20 for each such lamp. The luminous intensity must be
measured in accordance with the photometry test requirements of the applicable
SAE Standards and Recommended Practices incorporated by reference or subreference
in this TSD standard.
(c) A high-mounted stop lamp must have a signal visible to the rear through
a horizontal angle from 45 degrees to the left to 45 degrees to the right
of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(d) High-mounted stop lamps required to comply with S5.1.1.27(b) must
together have a signal to the rear as specified in S5.3.2(c).
(e) Backup lamps must be mounted on the rear so that the optical center
of at least one lamp is visible from any eye point elevation from at least
1,828 mm (6 ft) to 610 mm (2 ft) above the horizontal plane on which the
vehicle is standing and from any position in the area rearward of a vertical
plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 914 mm (3
ft) to the rear of the vehicle and extending 914 mm (3 ft) beyond each
side of the vehicle.
S5.3.2.1 Clearance lamps may be located at a location
other than on the front and rear, if necessary, to indicate the overall
width of a vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation
of the vehicle, and at such a location that they need not meet the photometric
output at any test point that is 45 degrees inboard.
S5.3.2.2 If any required lamp or reflective device
is obstructed by motor vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker
booms, backhoes, winches, etc.) and cannot meet the requirements of S5.3.2,
the vehicle must be equipped with an additional lamp or device of the
same type which meet all applicable requirements of this TSD standard,
including S5.3.2.
S5.3.2.3 For signal lamps and reflective devices mounted
less than 750 mm above the road surface, as measured to the lamp axis
of reference, the vertical test point angles located below the horizontal
plane subject to photometric and visibility requirements of this TSD
standard may be reduced to 5 degrees.
S5.3.2.4 As an alternative to S5.3.2(b), each passenger
car and motorcycle, and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer,
and bus that is of less than 2,032 mm overall width, that is manufactured
on or before September 1, 2011, and each multipurpose passenger vehicle,
truck, trailer, and bus of 2,032 mm or more overall width that is manufactured
on or before September 1, 2014, must have each lamp located so that it
meets the visibility requirements specified in any applicable SAE Standard
or Recommended Practice.
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S5.4 Equipment combinations
Two or more lamps, reflective devices, or items of associated equipment
may be combined if the requirements for each lamp, reflective device,
and item of associated equipment are met, with the following exceptions:
(a) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined with any other lamp
or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.
(b) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined optically, as defined
by SAE Information Report J387, Terminology — Motor Vehicle Lighting
NOV87, with any cargo lamp.
(c) No clearance lamp shall be combined optically, as defined by SAE
Information Report J387, Terminology — Motor Vehicle Lighting
NOV87, with any taillamp.
S5.5 Special wiring requirements
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S5.5.1 Each vehicle shall have a means
of switching between lower and upper beams that conforms to SAE Recommended
Practice J564a, Headlamp Beam Switching, April 1964, or to SAE Recommended
Practice J565b, Semi-Automatic Headlamp Beam Switching Devices, February
1969. Except as provided in S5.5.8, the lower and upper beams shall not
be energized simultaneously except momentarily for temporary signalling
purposes or during switching between beams. |
(16) |
S5.5.2 Each vehicle shall have a means for indicating to the driver
when the upper beams of the headlamps are on that conforms to SAE Recommended
Practice J564a, April 1964, except that the signal color need not be red. |
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S5.5.3 The tail lamps on each vehicle shall be activated when the
headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, but need not be activated
if the headlamps are activated at less than full intensity as permitted
by paragraph S5.5.11(a).
S5.5.4 The stop lamps on each vehicle shall be activated upon
application of the service brakes. The high-mounted stop lamp on each
vehicle shall be activated only upon application of the service brakes.
S5.5.5 The vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit on each
vehicle shall operate independently of the ignition or equivalent switch,
and when activated, shall cause to flash simultaneously sufficient turn
signal lamps to meet, as a minimum, the turn signal lamp photometric requirements
of this TSD standard.
S5.5.6 Each vehicle equipped with a turn signal operating unit
shall also have an illuminated pilot indicator. Failure of one or more
turn signal lamps to operate shall be indicated in accordance with SAE
Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970, except when
a variable-load turn signal flasher is used on a truck, bus, or multipurpose
passenger vehicle 2.05 m or more (80 or more inches) in overall
width, on a truck that is capable of accommodating a slide-in camper,
or on any vehicle equipped to tow trailers.
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S5.5.7 On each passenger car and motorcycle, and on each multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck, and bus of less than 2.05 m (80 inches)
overall width: |
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(a) When the parking lamps are activated, the tail lamps, license plate
lamps, and side marker lamps shall also be activated; and
(b) When the headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state,
the tail lamps, parking lamps, license plate lamps, and side marker
lamps shall also be activated.
S5.5.8 On a motor vehicle equipped with a headlighting system
designed to conform to the photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2, the lamps marked "L" or "LF" may be wired
to remain permanently activated when the lamps marked "U" or
"UF" are activated. On a motor vehicle equipped with an Integral
Beam headlighting system meeting the photometric requirements of paragraph
S7.4(a)(1)(ii), the lower beam headlamps shall be wired to remain permanently
activated when the upper beam headlamps are activated. On a motor vehicle
equipped with a headlighting system designed to conform to the requirements
of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, a lower beam light source may be wired
to remain activated when an upper beam light source is activated if the
lower beam light source contributes to compliance of the headlighting
system with the upper beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.
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S5.5.9 Except as provided in section S5.5.8, the wiring harness or
connector assembly of each headlamp system shall be designed so that only
those light sources intended for meeting lower beam photometrics are energized
when the beam selector switch is in the lower beam position, and that only
those light sources intended for meeting upper beam photometrics are energized
when the beam selector switch is in the upper beam position.
S5.5.10 The wiring requirements for lighting equipment in use
are:
(a) Turn signal lamps, hazard warning signal lamps, and school bus
warning lamps shall be wired to flash;
(b) Headlamps and side marker lamps may be wired to flash for signaling
purposes;
(c) A motorcycle headlamp may be wired to allow either its upper beam
or its lower beam, but not both, to modulate from a higher intensity to
a lower intensity in accordance with section S7.9.4 S5.6;
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(d) All other lamps shall be wired to be steady-burning.
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S5.5.11 [Replaced by subsections
108(44) to (65) of the MVSR.]
(a) Any pair of lamps on the front of a passenger car, multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, whether or not required by this standard,
other than parking lamps or fog lamps, may be wired to be automatically
activated, as determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle, in a steady
burning state as daytime running lamps (DRLs) and to be automatically
deactivated when the headlamp control is in any "on" position,
and as otherwise determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle, provided
that each such lamp:
(1) Has a luminous intensity not less than 500 candela at test
point H-V, nor more than 3,000 candela at any location in the beam,
when tested in accordance with Section S11 of this standard, unless
it is:
(i) A lower beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL at full
voltage, or at a voltage lower than used to operate it as a lower
beam headlamp; or
(ii) An upper beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL, whose
luminous intensity at test point H-V is not more than 7,000 candela,
and which is mounted not higher than 864 mm above the road surface
as measured from the center of the lamp with the vehicle curb weight;
(2) Is permanently marked "DRL" on its lens in letters
not less than 3 mm high, unless it is optically combined with a headlamp;
(3) Is designed to provide the same color as the other lamp in
the pair, and that is one of the following colors as defined in SAE
Standard J578 MAY88: White, white to yellow, white to selective yellow,
selective yellow, or yellow;
(4) If not optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is located
so that the distance from its lighted edge to the optical center of
the nearest turn signal lamp is not less than 100 mm, unless:
(i) The luminous intensity of the DRL is not more than 2,600 candela
at any location in the beam and the turn signal meets the requirements
of S5.3.1.7; or
(ii) (For a passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck,
or bus that is manufactured before October 1, 1995, and which uses
an upper beam headlamp as a DRL as specified in paragraph S5.5.11(a)(1)(ii))
the luminous intensity of the DRL is greater than 2,600 candela
at any location in the beam and the turn signal lamp meets the requirements
of S5.3.1.7; or
(iii) The DRL is optically combined with a lower beam headlamp
and the turn signal lamp meets the requirements of S5.3.1.7; or
(iv) The DRL is deactivated when the turn signal or hazard warning
signal lamp is activated.
(5) If optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is automatically
deactivated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or hazard warning lamp
is activated, and automatically reactivated as a DRL when the turn
signal lamp or hazard warning lamp is deactivated.
(b) Any pair of lamps that are not required by this standard and
are not optically combined with any lamps that are required by this
standard, and which are used as DRLs to fulfill the specifications of
S5.5.11(a), shall be mounted at the same height, which shall be not
more than 1.067 m above the road surface measured from the center of
the lamp on the vehicle at curb weight, and shall be symmetrically disposed
about the vertical centerline of the vehicle.
S5.6 [Reserved]
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S5.7 Conspicuity Systems
Each trailer of 2.05 m or more (80 or more inches) overall width,
and with a GVWR over 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds), manufactured
on or after December 1, 1993, except a trailer designed exclusively
for living or office use, and each truck tractor manufactured
on or after July 1, 1997, shall be equipped with either retroreflective
sheeting that meets the requirements of S5.7.1, reflex reflectors that
meet the requirements of S5.7.2, or a combination of retroreflective sheeting
and reflex reflectors that meet the requirement of S5.7.3.
S5.7.1 Retroreflective sheeting. Each trailer or truck tractor
to which S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.2 or S5.7.3 shall
be equipped with retroreflective sheeting that conforms to the requirements
specified in S5.7.1.1 through S5.7.1.5.
S5.7.1.1 Construction. Retroreflective sheeting shall consist
of a smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with retroreflective elements
embedded or suspended beneath the film so as to form a non-exposed retroreflective
optical system.
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S5.7.1.2 Performance requirements.
Retroreflective sheeting shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 4956-90,
Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control,
for Type V Sheeting, except for the photometric requirements, and shall
meet the minimum photometric performance requirements specified in Figure
29.
S5.7.1.3 Sheeting pattern, dimensions, and relative coefficients of retroreflection
(a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied in a pattern of alternating
white and red color segments to the sides and rear of each trailer,
and to the rear of each truck tractor, and in white to the upper rear
corners of each trailer and truck tractor, in the locations specified
in S5.7.1.4, and Figures 30-1 through 30-4, or Figure 31, as appropriate.
(b) Except for a segment that is trimmed to clear obstructions,
or lengthened to provide red sheeting near red lamps, each white or
red segment shall have a length of 300 mm ± 150 mm.
(c) Neither white nor red sheeting shall represent more than two
thirds of the aggregate of any continuous strip marking the width of
a trailer, or any continuous or broken strip marking its length.
(d) Retroreflective sheeting shall have a width of not less than
50 mm (Grade DOT-C2), 75 mm (Grade DOT-C3), or 100 mm (Grade DOT-C4).
(e) The coefficients for retroreflection of each segment of red
or white sheeting shall be not less than the minimum values specified
in Figure 29 of this TSD standard for grades
DOT-C2, DOT-C3, and DOT-C4.
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(22) |
S5.7.1.4 Location
(a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied to each trailer and
truck tractor as specified below, but need not be applied to discontinuous
surfaces such as outside ribs, stake post pickets on platform trailers,
and external protruding beams, or to items of equipment such as door
hinges and lamp bodies on trailers and body joints, stiffening beads,
drip rails and rolled surfaces on truck tractors.
(b) The edge of white sheeting shall not be located closer than
75 mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any red or amber lamp
that is required by this TSD standard.
(c) The edge of red sheeting shall not be located closer than 75
mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any amber lamp that is required
by this TSD standard.
S5.7.1.4.1 Rear of trailers. Retroreflective sheeting shall be
applied to the rear of each trailer as follows, except that Element 2
is not required for container chassis or for platform trailers without
bulkheads, and Element 3 is not required for trailers without underride
protection devices:
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(21) |
(a) Element 1: A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable,
in alternating colors across the full width of the trailer, as close to
the extreme edges as practicable, and as close as practicable to not less
than 375 mm and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the stripe
centerline with the trailer at curb mass weight.
(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each
pair consisting of strips 300 mm long of grade DOT-C2, DOT-C3,
or DOT-C4, applied horizontally and vertically to the right and left
upper contours of the body, as viewed from the rear, as close to the
top of the trailer and as far apart as practicable. If the perimeter
of the body, as viewed from the rear, is other than rectangular, the
strips may be applied along the perimeter, as close as practicable to
the uppermost and outermost areas of the rear of the body on the left
and right sides.
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(23) |
(c) Element 3: A strip of sheeting in alternating colors
across the full width of the horizontal member of the rear underride protection
device. Grade DOT C2 material not less than 38 mm wide may be used.
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(21) |
S5.7.1.4.2 Side of trailers. Retroreflective
sheeting shall be applied to each side of a trailer as follows:
(a) A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in alternating
colors, originating and terminating as close to the front and rear as
practicable, as close as practicable to not less than 375 mm and not
more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the stripe centerline with
the trailer at curb mass weight, except that
at the location chosen the strip shall not be obscured in whole or in
part by other motor vehicle equipment or trailer cargo. The strip need
not be continuous as long as not less than half of the length of the
trailer is covered and the spaces are distributed as evenly as practicable.
(b) If necessary to clear rivet heads or other similar obstructions,
grade DOT-C2 retroreflective sheeting may be separated into two 25 mm
wide strips of the same length and color, separated by a space of not
more than 25 mm, and used in place of the retroreflective sheeting that
would otherwise be applied.
S5.7.1.4.3 Rear of truck tractors. Retroreflective sheeting shall
be applied to the rear of each truck tractor as follows:
(a) Element 1: Two strips of sheeting in alternating colors,
each not less than 600 mm long, located as close as practicable to the
edges of the rear fenders, mudflaps, or the mudflap support brackets,
to mark the width of the truck tractor. The strips shall be mounted
as horizontal as practicable, in a vertical plane facing the rear, on
the rear fenders, on the mudflap support brackets, on plates attached
to the mudflap support brackets, or on the mudflaps. Strips on mudflaps
shall be mounted not lower than 300 mm below the upper horizontal edge
of the mudflap. If the vehicle is certified with temporary mudflap support
brackets, the strips shall be mounted on the mudflaps or on plates transferable
to permanent mudflap support brackets. For a truck tractor without mudflaps,
the strips may be mounted outboard of the frame on brackets behind the
rear axle or on brackets ahead of the rear axle and above the top of
the tires at unladen vehicle height, or they may be mounted directly
or indirectly to the back of the cab as close to the outer edges as
practicable, above the top of the tires, and not more than 1525 mm above
the road surface at unladen vehicle height. If the strips are mounted
on the back of the cab, no more than 25 percent of their cumulative
area may be obscured by vehicle equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal
view.
(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each
pair consisting of strips 300 mm long, applied as horizontally and vertically
as practicable, to the right and left upper contours of the cab, as
close to the top of the cab and as far apart as practicable. No more
than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle
equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view. If one pair must
be relocated to avoid obscuration by vehicle equipment, the other pair
may be relocated in order to be mounted symmetrically. If the rear window
is so large as to occupy all the practicable space, the material may
be attached to the edge of the window itself.
S5.7.1.5 Certification. The letters DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4,
as appropriate, constituting a certification that the retroreflective
sheeting conforms to the requirements of S5.7.1.2, shall appear at least
once on the exposed surface of each white or red segment of retroreflective
sheeting, and at least once every 300 mm on retroreflective sheeting that
is white only. The characters shall be not less than 3 mm high, and shall
be permanently stamped, etched, molded, or printed in indelible ink.
S5.7.2 Reflex reflectors. Each trailer or truck tractor to which
S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.1 or S5.7.3 shall be equipped
with reflex reflectors in accordance with this section.
S5.7.2.1
(a) Each reflex reflector shall conform to SAE Standard J594f, Reflex
Reflectors, January 1977.
(b) Each red reflex reflector shall also provide, at an observation
angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 300 millicandela/lux at
any light entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees
right, including an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than
75 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees
left and 45 degrees right.
(c) Each white reflex reflector shall also provide at an observation
angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 1250 millicandela/lux at
any light entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees
right, including an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than
300 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees
left and 45 degrees right.
(d) A white reflex reflector complying with S5.7.2.1(a) and (c)
when tested in a horizontal orientation may be installed in all orientations
specified for rear upper locations in S5.7.1.4.1(b) or S5.7.1.4.3(b)
if, when tested in a vertical orientation, it provides at an
observation angle of 0.2 degree not less than 1680 millicandelas/lux
at a light entrance angle of 0 degree, not less than 1120 millicandelas/lux
at any light entrance angle from 10 degrees down to 10 degrees up, and
not less than 560 millicandelas/lux at any light entrance angle from
20 degrees right to 20 degrees left.
S5.7.2.2 Reflex reflectors shall be installed and located as specified
below:
(a) In the same locations and in the same length in which retroreflective
sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be applied in alternating colors,
reflex reflectors shall be installed in a repetitive pattern of two
or three white reflex reflectors alternating with two or three red reflex
reflectors, with the center of each reflector not more than 100 mm
from the center of each adjacent reflector.
(b) In the same locations and in the same length in which white
retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be installed, white
reflex reflectors shall be installed, with the center of each white
reflex reflector not more than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent
reflector.
S5.7.2.3 Certification. The exposed surface of each reflex reflector
shall be marked with the letters DOT-C, which constitutes a certification
that the reflector conforms to all applicable requirements of §571.108
of this part Title 49 of the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations. The certification shall be not less than 3 mm high
and shall be permanently stamped, etched, molded, or printed in
indelible ink.
S5.7.3 Combination of sheeting and reflectors. Each trailer or
truck tractor to which S5.7 applies, that does not conform to S5.7.1 or
S5.7.2, shall be equipped with retroreflective materials that meet the
requirements of S5.7.1, except that reflex reflectors that meet the requirements
of S5.7.2.1 and that are installed in accordance with S5.7.2.2 may be
used instead of any corresponding element of retroreflective sheeting
located as required by S5.7.1.4.
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S5.8 Replacement
Equipment
[CONTENT DELETED]
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S6. Subreferenced SAE Standards and Recommended
Practices
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S6.1 SAE Standards and Recommended Practices
subreferenced by the SAE Standards and Recommended Practices included in
Tables I and III and paragraphs S5.1.4 and S5.5.1 are those published in
the 1970 edition of the SAE Handbook, except that the SAE standard referred
to as "J575" is J575e, Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices
and Components, August 1970, for stop lamps designed to conform to SAE
Standards J586c, J586 FEB84 and J1398 MAY85; for tail lamps
designed to conform to SAE Standards J585d and J585e; for turn signal lamps
designed to conform to SAE Standards J588e, J588 NOV84, and J1395 APR85;
and for high-mounted stop lamps designed to conform to SAE Recommended Practice
J186a. The reference in J585e to J256 does not apply. For headlamps other
than motorcycle headlamps, unless otherwise specified in this TSD
standard, the version of SAE Standard J575 is DEC88, and
the version of SAE Standard J602 is OCT80. The definition of "optically
combined" in SAE Information Report J387, Terminology - Motor Vehicle
Lighting NOV87, applies to that term as used in J586c and J588e.
S6.2 Requirements of SAE Standards incorporated by reference in
this TSD standard, other than J576b and J576c,
do not include test for warpage of devices with plastic lenses.
S6.3 The term “functional lighted lens area” in any
SAE Standard or Recommended Practice incorporated by reference or by subreference
in this TSD standard has the same meaning as the term “effective
projected luminous lens area”.
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S7. Headlighting requirements
S7.1 [Untitled]
Each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus manufactured
on or after September 1, 1994, shall be equipped with a headlighting
system designed to conform to the requirements of S7.3, S7.4, S7.5, or
S7.6.
S7.2 [Untitled]
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(a) The lens of each original and replacement equipment
headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement equipment
beam contributor shall be marked with the symbol "DOT" either
horizontally or vertically which shall constitute the certification
required by 49 U.S.C. 30115.
(b) The lens of each headlamp and of each beam contributor
manufactured on or after December 1, 1989, to which paragraph
(a) of this section applies shall be marked with the name and/or trademark
registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of
the manufacturer of such headlamp or beam contributor, or its importer,
or any manufacturer of a vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam
contributor. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize
the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is not the
owner, unless the owner has consented to it.
(c) Each headlamp and beam contributor to which paragraph (a) of
this section applies shall be marked with its voltage and with its part
or trade number.
(d) Unless stated otherwise, a tolerance of ± 0.25 degree
is permitted during photometric performance tests for any headlamp or
beam contributor, and the test points 10U-90U shall be measured from
the normally exposed surface of the lens face. The term "aiming
plane" means "aiming reference plane" or an appropriate
vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in S7.7.1.
(e) [CONTENT DELETED]
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S7.3 Sealed beam headlighting system
A sealed beam headlighting system shall be designed to meet the requirements
of one of the following subparagraphs of S7.3.2 through S7.3.9. In references
to Figures in SAE J1383 APR85 for headlamp dimensional requirements, only
those dimensions marked "I" for intechangeability are applicable.
S7.3.1 The lens of each sealed beam headlamp designed to conform
to S7.3.2 through S7.3.6 shall be marked according to paragraph 5.4.3
through 5.4.5 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements
for Motor Vehicle Headlamps.
S7.3.2 Type A headlighting system. A Type A headlighting system
consists of two Type 1A1 and two Type 2A1 headlamps and associated hardware,
which are designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps, with the following exceptions:
(1) Paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2, 3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6,
4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5, 5.1.7 through 5.1.16, 5.2.2,
5.3.5, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 6 through 6.4 do not apply.
(2) In paragraph 5.3.2, the words "and retaining rings"
are omitted.
(3) In paragraphs 4.5.2 and 5.1.6, the words "Figure 28-1
or 28-2 of Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108" are substituted
for "Table 3".
(b) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly
(except paragraphs 3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, and the second sentence
of 5.1.6): in 5.2.1, delete the words "and retaining rings."
The correct reference is SAE J1383 Figures 6, 9, 12, and 14.
(c) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(d) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): Single
filament headlamp, 55 watts on the upper beam; dual filament headlamp,
43 watts on the upper beam and 65 watts on the lower beam.
S7.3.3 Type B headlighting system. A Type B headlighting system
consists of two Type 2B1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are
designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) The requirements of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except
that the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2" are substituted
for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 70 watts
on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
S7.3.4 Type C headlighting system. A Type C headlighting system
consists of two Type 1C1 and two Type 2C1 headlamps and associated hardware,
which are designed to conform to the requirements of paragraphs S7.3.2
(a) through (d), except that the words "Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2"
are substituted for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
S7.3.5 Type D headlighting system
(a) A Type D headlighting system consists of two Type 2D1 headlamps
and associated hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements
of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except that the words "Figure
27-1 or Figure 27-2 27-1" are substituted
for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 65 watts
on upper beam and 55 watts on lower beam.
S7.3.6 Type E headlighting system
(a) A Type E headlighting system consists of two Type 2E1 headlamps
and associated hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements
of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except that the words "Figure
27-1 or Figure 27-2 27-1" are substituted
for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 70 watts
on upper beam and 60 watts on lower beam.
S7.3.7 Type F headlighting system. A Type F headlighting system
consists of two Type UF and two Type LF headlamps and associated hardware,
which are designed to conform to the following requirements:
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(a) Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 as appropriate.
(b) The photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 of
this TSD standard. A reaim tolerance of ± 0.25 degree
is allowed for any test point on the Type LF lamp when tested alone,
but is not allowed on the Type UF lamp when tested alone. For the test
point 10U-90U, measurement shall be from the normally exposed surface
of the lens face.
(c) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps, Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1, 4.1.4, and 5.1.4.
(d) When tested in accordance with section (c), the mounted assembly
(either a Type UF or Type LF headlamp and its respective
mounting ring, aiming ring, and aim adjustment mechanism) shall be designed
to conform to the requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 for upper
or lower beams, respectively, without reaim, when any conforming Type
UF or LF headlamp is tested and replaced by another conforming headlamp
of the same Type.
(e) SAE J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly, with the
following exceptions:
(1) Section 2.2 Mounting Ring shall read: "the adjustable
ring upon which the sealed beam unit is mounted and which forces the
sealed beam unit to seat against the aiming ring when assembled into
a sealed beam assembly."
(2) The definition "2.3 Aiming Ring" shall read:
"The clamping ring that retains the sealed beam unit against
the mounting ring, and that provides an interface between the unit’s
aiming/seating pads and the headlamp aimer adapter (locating plate)."
(3) Section 4.1.1 Vibration Test does not apply.
(4) Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.2.3 do not apply.
(5) Section 5.1.2.1 shall read: "When the headlamp
assembly is tested in the laboratory, a minimum aiming adjustment
of ± 2.5 degrees shall be provided in the horizontal plane
and ± 4 degrees in the vertical plane."
(6) Section 5.1.2.2 shall conclude: "* * * through
an angle of ± 2.5 degrees and ± 4 degrees, respectively."
(7) Section 5.1.6 is retitled: "Retaining Ring/Aiming Ring
Tests". The phrase "92x150 mm * * * 8.6 mm
(0.340 in)" is added at the end of the table for flange
thickness. The sentence beginning "The fastening means"
is deleted.
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(8) Figures 2, 3, and 4 do not apply, and the reference to them
in section 4.5 is deleted. replaced by "Figure 16,
Deflectometer, of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108."
(f) A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating an upper beam shall
be labeled "UF". A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating
a lower beam shall be labeled "LF". The face of letters, numbers,
or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised
more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch), and shall be placed no closer
to the geometric center of the lens than 35 mm (1.375 inch).
The marking shall be molded in the lens and shall be not less than 6.35 mm
(0.25 inch) in size.
(g) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volt (design voltage): 70 watts
on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
(h) Type F headlamps may be mounted on common or parallel seating
and aiming planes to permit simultaneous aiming of both headlamps, provided
that when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF headlamps according
to Section S10:
(1) The assembly (consisting of the Type UF and LF headlamps,
mounting rings, the aiming/seating rings, and aim adjustment mechanism)
shall be designed to conform to the test points of Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2.
(2) There shall be no provision for adjustment between the common
or parallel aiming and seating planes of the two lamps.
(i) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, the Type F system shall show no evidence of loose or broken parts,
other than filaments, visible without magnification.
S7.3.8 Type G headlighting system.
A Type G headlamp system consists of two Type 1G1 headlamps and two
Type 2G1 headlamps, each of which is designed to conform to the following
requirements:
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(a) Figures 18 and 21.
(b) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps (except paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2, 3, 4.1.1,
4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5 through
5.1.16, 5.2.2, and 5.3.5 through 6.4). In paragraph 5.3.2, the words
"and retaining rings" are omitted. In paragraph 4.5.2, the
words "either Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2" are substituted
for "Table 3".
(c) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly,
with the following exceptions:
(1) Sections 2.2, 2.3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, 5.1.6, and 5.2.1.
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(2) Section 4.5 shall read: "Torque Deflection Test.
The headlamp assembly to be tested shall be mounted in the designed
vehicle position and set at nominal aim (0.0). A special adapter (Figure
22) for the deflectometer (Figure 16) shall be clamped onto the headlamp
assembly. A torque of 2.25 N-m (20 inch-pounds) shall be applied
to the headlamp assembly through the deflectometer, and a reading on
the thumb wheel shall be taken. The torque shall be removed and a second
reading on the thumb wheel shall be taken."
(d) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(e) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage) for
the 1G1 and 2G1 upper beam is 55 watts and 43 watts respectively;
for the 2G1 lower beam, 65 watts.
(f) A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating only part of an upper
beam shall be labeled 1G1. A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating
both part of an upper beam and a lower beam shall be labeled 2G1. The
face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded on the surface of
the lens shall not be raised more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch),
and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens than
35 mm (1.375 inch). The marking shall be molded in the lens
and shall be not less than 6.35 mm (0.25 inch) in size.
S7.3.9 Type H headlighting system. A Type H headlamp system consists
of two Type 2H1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are designed to
conform to the following requirements:
(a) Paragraphs S7.3.8 (a) through (d) except that in paragraph S7.3.8(b),
the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2" are substituted for
"Table 3".
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts
on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
(c) A lens for a Type H headlamp incorporating both an upper beam
and a lower beam shall be labeled 2H1. The face of letters, numbers,
or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised
more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch), and shall be placed no closer
to the geometric center of the lens than 35 mm (1.375 inch).
The marking shall be molded in the lens and shall be not less than 6.35 mm
(0.25 inch) in size.
S7.4 Integral beam headlighting system
An integral beam headlighting system shall be designed to conform to
the following requirements:
(a) The system shall provide in total not more than two
upper beams and two lower beams of the performance described in one
of the following:
(1) In a four-headlamp system, each upper beam headlamp and each
lower beam headlamp shall be designed to conform to the photometrics
of one of the following:
(i) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2; or
(ii) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2, except that the upper beam
test values at 2.5 D-V and 2.5D-12R and 12L shall apply to the lower
beam headlamp and not to the upper beam headlamp, and the upper
beam test point values at 1.5D-9R and 9L shall be 1000; or
(iii) Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2.
(2) In a two-headlamp system, each headlamp shall be designed
to conform to the photometrics of one of the following:
(i) Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2; or
(ii) Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2.
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(3) In a system in which there is more than one beam contributor
providing a lower beam, and/or more than one beam contributor providing
an upper beam, each beam contributor in the system shall be designed
to meet only the photometric performance requirements of Figure 15-1
or Figure 15-2 based upon the following mathematical expression: conforming
test point value = 2 (Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 test point value)/total
number of lower or upper beam contributors for the vehicle, as appropriate.
The system shall be designed to use the Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device
(VHAD) as specified in paragraph S7.8.5.2.
(b) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows where
each headlamp contains two light sources:
(1) The lower beam shall be provided either by the most outboard
light source (or the uppermost if arranged vertically) or by all light
sources.
(2) The upper beam shall be provided either by the most inboard light
source (or the lowermost if arranged vertically) or by all light sources.
(c) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows where
each headlamp contains a single light source:
(1) The lower beam shall be provided by the most outboard headlamps
(or the uppermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such
headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter "L".
(2) The upper beam shall be provided by the most inboard headlamps
(or lowermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such headlamp
shall be permanently marked with the letter "U".
(d) A headlamp or beam contributor designed to meet paragraphs (a)(1)
or (a)(3) of this section and S7.8.5.1 may be mounted in an assembly to
permit simultaneous aiming of the headlamps or beam contributors,
provided that with any complying headlamp or beam contributor,
the assembly complete with all lamps meets the appropriate photometric
requirements when tested in accordance with S10.
(e) Each integral beam headlamp system shall be designed to conform
to the applicable photometric performance requirements in paragraph
(a) of this section, when tested in accordance with Sections 4.1 and
4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 with any headlamps intended for use
in such system. The term "aiming plane" means "aiming reference plane"
or an appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required
in paragraph S7.8.1.
(f) The system shall be aimable in accordance with the requirements
of paragraph S7.8. A system that incorporates any headlamp or beam contributor
that does not have a VHAD as an integral and indivisible part of the
headlamp or beam contributor shall be designed so that the appropriate
photometrics are met when any correctly aimed and photometrically conforming
headlamp or beam contributor is removed from its mounting and aiming
mechanism and when it is replaced without reaim by any conforming
headlamp or beam contributor of the same type.
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(g) A headlamp with a glass lens need
not meet the abrasion resistance test (S8.2). A headlamp with a nonreplaceable
glass lens need not meet the chemical resistance test (S8.3). A headlamp
with a glass lens and a non-plastic reflector need not meet the internal
heat test of paragraph S8.6.2. A headlamp of sealed design as verified in
paragraph S8.9 (Sealing) need not meet the corrosion (S8.4), dust (S8.5),
or humidity (S8.7) tests; however, the headlamp shall meet the requirements
of paragraphs 4.l, 4.l.2, 4.4 and 5.l.4 for corrosion and connector of SAE
Standard J580 DEC86, Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly. An integral beam
headlamp may incorporate light sources that are replaceable and are used
for purposes other than headlighting. |
(8)
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{1} |
(h) When tested according to any of the procedures indicated in
subparagraphs (1) through (7), each headlamp or beam contributor shall
meet the appropriate requirement:
(1) After an abrasion test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.2, the headlamp or beam contributor shall meet the photometric
requirements applicable to the headlamp system under test.
(2) After the chemical resistance tests of paragraphs S8.3 and
S8.10.1, the headlamp or beam contributor shall have no surface
deterioration, coating delamination, fractures, deterioration of bonding
or sealing materials, color bleeding or color pickup visible without
magnification, and the headlamp or beam contributor shall meet
the photometric requirements applicable to the headlamp system under
test.
(3) After a corrosion test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.4, there shall be no evidence of external or internal corrosion
or rust visible without magnification. After a corrosion test conducted
in accordance with paragraph S8.10.2, there shall be no evidence of
corrosion or rust visible without magnification on any part of the
headlamp reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source,
on any metal light or heat shield assembly, or on a metal reflector
of any other lamp not sealed from the headlamp reflector. Loss of
adhesion of any applied coating shall not occur more than 3.2 mm
(0.125 inch) from any sharp edge on the inside or outside. Corrosion
may occur on terminals only if the current produced during the test
of paragraph S8.4(c) is not less than 9.7 amperes.
(4) After a dust test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.5,
the headlamp or beam contributor shall meet the photometric
requirements applicable to the headlamp system under test.
(5) The headlamp or beam contributor shall first meet the
requirements of subparagraph (i) and then those of subparagraph (ii).
(i) After a temperature cycle test conducted in accordance with
paragraph S8.6.1, the headlamp or beam contributor shall
show no evidence of delamination, fractures, entry of moisture,
deterioration of bonding material, color bleeding, warpage, or deformation
visible without magnification or lens warpage greater than 3 mm
(0.118 inch) when measured parallel to the optical axis at
the point of intersection of the axis of each light source with
the exterior surface of the lens, and it shall meet the photometric
requirements applicable to the headlamp system under test.
(ii) After an internal heat test conducted in accordance with
paragraph S8.6.2, there shall be no lens warpage greater than 3 mm
(0.118 inch) when measured parallel to the optical axis at
the point of intersection of the axis of each light source with
the exterior surface of the lens, and the headlamp or beam contributor
it shall meet the photometric requirements applicable
to the headlamp system under test.
(6) After a humidity test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.7, the inside of the headlamp or beam contributor shall
show no evidence of delamination or moisture, fogging or condensation
visible without magnification.
(7) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(i) An integral beam headlamp may incorporate replaceable light
sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.
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S7.5 Replaceable Bulb Headlamp System
Each replaceable bulb headlamp system shall be designed to conform to
the following requirements:
(a) The system shall provide only two lower beams and two upper
beams and shall incorporate not more than two replaceable light sources
in each headlamp.
(b) The photometrics as specified in subparagraphs (c) through (e)
of this paragraph (depicted in Figure 26), using any light source of
the Type intended for use in such system.
(c) The test requirements of sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 and the
performance requirements of section 5.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85, using
the photometric requirements specified in subparagraphs (d) and (e)
of this paragraph.
(d) For a headlamp equipped with dual filament replaceable light
sources, the following requirements apply:
(1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aiming requirements
of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an individual
light source, or, if there are two light sources, independent adjustments
of each reflector.
(2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting
of two lamps, each containing either one or two replaceable light
sources, shall be provided as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following
ways:
(A) By the outboard light source (or upper one if arranged vertically),
designed to conform to:
(1) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2,
or Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources other than
Type HB2; or
(2) The lower beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2
if the light sources are Type HB2, or any combination of dual filament
replaceable light sources that include Type HB2; or
(B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to
the lower beam requirements specified above.
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following
ways:
(A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged vertically),
designed to conform to:
(1) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2,
or Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources other
than that include Type HB2; or
(2) The upper beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2
if the light sources are type HB2, or any combination of replaceable light
sources that include Type HB2; or
(B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to
the upper beam requirements specified above.
(3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting
of four lamps, each containing a single replaceable light source,
shall be provided as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided by the outboard lamp (or
the upper one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:
(A) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or
Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2;
or
(B) The lower beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the
light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other than
Type HB1 and HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked with
the letter "L".
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided by the inboard lamp (or
the lower one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:
(A) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or
Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2;
or
(B) The upper beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the
light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other than
Type HB1 and Type HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked
with the letter "U".
(e) The following requirements apply to a headlamp system equipped
with any combination of replaceable light sources, except those specified
in paragraph (d) of this section:
(1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aim requirements
of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an individual
light source, or, if there are two replaceable light sources, independent
adjustment of each reflector.
(2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting
of two lamps, each containing a combination of two replaceable light
sources (other than those combinations specified in subparagraph (d)
of this paragraph), shall be provided only as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following
ways:
(A) By the outboard light source (or the uppermost
one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to the lower beam
requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2; or
(B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the lower beam requirements
of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following
ways:
(A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged vertically),
designed to conform to the upper beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure
17-2; or
(B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the upper beam requirements
of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.
(3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting
of four lamps, using any combination of replaceable light sources
except those specified in subparagraph (d) of this paragraph, each
lamp containing only a single replaceable light source, shall be provided
only as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be produced by the outboard lamp (or
the upper one if arranged vertically), designed to conform
to the lower beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The
lens of each headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter
"L".
(ii) The upper beam shall be produced by the inboard lamp (or
the lower one if arranged vertically), designed to conform
to the upper beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The
lens of each headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter
"U".
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(g) The lens of each replaceable bulb headlamp shall bear permanent
marking in front of each replaceable light source with which it is equipped
that stating the HB Type, if the light source
is designed to conform to subparagraphs (a) through (e) of paragraph S7.7,
or bearing the bulb marking/designation specified or provided
in accordance with subsection 108(5) of the MVSR, provided
in compliance with Section VIII of appendix A of Part 564, if
the light source is designed to conform to subparagraph (g) of paragraph
S7.7. No marking need be provided if the only replaceable light source
in the headlamp is Type HB1.
(h) The system shall be aimable in accordance with paragraph S7.8.
(i) Each headlamp shall meet the requirements of paragraphs S7.4(g)
and (h), except that the sentence in paragraph (g) to verify sealing according
to section S8.9 (Sealing) does not apply.
(j) A replaceable bulb headlighting system may incorporate replaceable
light sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.
S7.6 Combination Headlighting System
A combination headlighting system shall be comprised of either two headlamps
designed to conform to the requirements of S7.6.2 or any combination of
four headlamps designed to conform to the requirements of S7.3.7, S7.4,
or S7.5 of this TSD standard.
S7.6.1 A combination headlighting system shall provide in
total not more than two upper beams and two lower beams. When
installed on a motor vehicle, the headlamps (or parts thereof) that provide
the lower beam shall be of the same type and provide a symmetrical effective
projected luminous lens area when illuminated.
S7.6.2 In a combination headlighting system consisting of two
headlamps, each headlamp shall be designed to conform to Figure 17-1 or
Figure 17-2 and shall be a combination of two different headlamps chosen
from the following types: a Type F headlamp, an integral beam headlamp,
and a replaceable bulb headlamp.
S7.6.2.1 That part of the headlamp which contains an integral
beam headlamp, or beam contributors used in place of a single headlamp,
shall be designed to conform to the requirements of S7.4 (c) through (h)
of this TSD standard.
S7.6.2.2 That part of the headlamp which contains a replaceable
bulb headlamp shall be designed to conform to the requirements of S7.5
of this TSD standard.
S7.6.3 In a combination headlighting system consisting of four
headlamps, each headlamp shall be designed to conform to Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2, or if it is an integral beam headlamp in which there
is more than one beam contributor, it shall be designed to conform
to Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 in the manner required by S7.4(a)(3) of
this TSD standard.
S7.7 Replaceable Light Sources
Each replaceable light source shall be designed to conform to the dimensions
and electrical specifications specified or provided in accordance
with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR
furnished with respect to it pursuant to part 564 of this chapter,
and shall conform to the following requirements:
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(a) If other than an HB Type, the light source shall be marked with the
bulb marking designation specified or provided in accordance with
subsection
108(5) of the MVSR specified for it in compliance
with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter. The
base of each HB Type shall be marked with its HB Type designation. Each
replaceable light source shall also be marked with the symbol DOT and with
a name or trademark in accordance with paragraph S7.2.
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(b) The measurement of maximum power
and luminous flux that is specified or provided in accordance with
subsection
108(5) of the MVSR submitted in compliance
with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter shall
be made in accordance with this paragraph. The filament or discharge arc
shall be seasoned before measurement of either. Measurement shall be made
with the direct current test voltage regulated within one quarter of one
percent. The test voltage shall be 12.8 V. The measurement of luminous
flux shall be in accordance with the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America, LM-45, IES Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric
Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980);
shall be made with the black cap installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4,
and Type HB5, and on any other replaceable light source so designed; and
shall be made with the electrical conductor and light source base shrouded
with an opaque white cover, except for the portion normally located within
the interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for the
Types HB3 and HB4 shall be made with the base covered with a white cover
as shown in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 specified or provided
in accordance with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR filed in Docket No. NHTSA
98-3397. (The white cover is used to eliminate the likelihood of
incorrect lumen measurement that will occur should the reflectance of the
light source base and electrical connector be low).
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(c) The capsule, lead wires and/or terminals,
and seal on each Type HB1, Type HB3, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light source,
and on any other replaceable light source which uses a seal, shall be installed
in a pressure chamber as shown in Figure 25 so as to provide an airtight
seal. The diameter of the aperture in Figure 25 on a replaceable light source
(other than an HB Type) shall be that dimension specified or provided
for such light source in accordance with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR furnished for such light
source in compliance with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter.
An airtight seal exists when no air bubbles appear on the low pressure (connector)
side after the light source has been immersed in water for one minute while
inserted in a cylindrical aperture specified for the light source, and subjected
to an air pressure of 70 kPa (10 P.S.I.G.) on the glass capsule side.
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(d) The measurement of maximum power and luminous flux that is specified
or provided in accordance with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR submitted in compliance with
section VII of Appendix A of part 564 of this chapter, or section IV
of Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter, shall be made with
the direct current test voltage regulated within one quarter of one
percent. The test voltage shall be 12.8 v. The measurement of luminous
flux shall be in accordance with the Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America, LM 45; IES Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric
Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps (April
1980). The filament of a replaceable light source shall be seasoned
before such measurement. The white covers are used to eliminate the
likelihood of incorrect lumens measurement that will occur should the
reflectance of the light source base and electrical connector be low.
(1) For a light source with a resistive element type filament, seasoning
of the light source shall be made in accordance with section 2.9 of SAE
Standard J1383 APR85, Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps.
The measurement of luminous flux shall be made with the black cap installed
on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light sources, and on any
other replaceable light source so designed, and shall be made with the
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque white
colored cover, except for the portion normally located within the interior
of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for Type HB3 and
Type HB4 shall be made with the base covered with the white cover shown
in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 specified or provided in accordance
with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR filed in Docket No. NHTSA
98-3397.
(2) For a light source using excited gas mixtures as a filament or
discharge arc, seasoning of the light source system, including any ballast
required for its operation, shall be made in accordance with section 4.0
of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Discharge Forward Lighting
Systems. With the test voltage applied to the ballast input terminals,
the measurement of luminous flux shall be made with the black cap installed,
if so designed, and shall be made with the electrical conductor and
light source base shrouded with an opaque white colored cover, except
for the portion normally located within the interior of the lamp housing.
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(e) If a ballast is required for operation, each ballast shall
bear the following permanent markings:
(1) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;
(2) Ballast part number or unique identification;
(3) Part number or other unique identification of the light source
for which the ballast is designed;
(4) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination,
if the information for the light source has been specified or
provided in accordance with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR filed in Appendix B of
part 564 of this chapter;
(5) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential
for severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or
death;
(6) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts
AC or DC; and
(7) The symbol "DOT".
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(f) For light sources that use excited
gas mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, the "rated laboratory
life" shall be determined in accordance with sections 4.3 and 4.9 of
SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Forward Discharge Lighting Systems.
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(g) After the force deflection test conducted in accordance with
S9, the permanent deflection of the glass envelope shall not exceed 0.13
mm in the direction of the applied force.
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S7.8 Aimability Performance Requirements
S7.8.1
(a) Each headlamp or beam contributor that is not visually/optically
aimable in accordance with S7.8.5.3 of this TSD standard
shall be equipped with fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar references
of sufficient detail and accuracy for determination of an appropriate
vertical vehicle plane to be used with the photometric
procedures of SAE J1383 APR85 for correct alignment with the photometer
axis when being tested for photometric compliance, and to serve as
for the aiming reference when the headlamp or beam
contributor is installed on a motor vehicle. The fiducial marks, aiming
pads, or similar references are protrusions, bubble vials, holes, indentations,
ridges, scribed lines, or other readily identifiable marks established
and described by the vehicle or headlamp manufacturer.
(b) Each motor vehicle manufactured on and after September 1, 1998,
shall be equipped with headlamps or beam contributors which have a mark
or markings that are visible from the front of the headlamp or beam
contributor when installed on the vehicle to identify the optical
axis of the headlamp or beam contributor to assure proper horizontal
and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or optical aiming equipment.
The manufacturer is free to choose the design of the mark or markings.
The mark or markings may be on the interior or exterior of the lens
or indicated by a mark or central structure on the interior or exterior
of the headlamp.
(c) Each headlamp that is visually/optically aimable in accordance
with S7.8.5.3 of this TSD standard shall be
marked in accordance with S7.8.5.3(f).
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S7.8.2 Except as provided in this paragraph,
each headlamp shall be installed on a motor vehicle with a mounting and
aiming mechanism that allows aim inspection and adjustment of both vertical
and horizontal aim, and is accessible for those purposes without removal
of any vehicle parts, except for protective covers removable without the
use of tools.
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S7.8.2.1
(a) When installed on the vehicle, adjustment of one aim axis through
its full on-vehicle range shall not cause the aim of the other axis
to deviate more than ± 0.76 degree.
(b) If the performance specified in paragraph (a) of this section
is not achievable, the requirements of S7.8.5.2(b)(3) apply, except
that if the aiming mechanism is not a VHAD, the requirements
specific to VHADs are not applicable, and the instruction shall
be specific to the aiming mechanism installed.
(c) A visually/optically aimable headlamp that has a lower beam
shall not have a horizontal adjustment mechanism unless such mechanism
meets the requirements of paragraph S7.8.5.2 of this TSD standard.
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S7.8.2.2 If the headlamp is aimed by moving the reflector relative
to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa, it shall:
(a) Allow movement of the headlamp system, when tested in the laboratory,
to be not less than the full range of pitch on the vehicle on which
the headlamp system is installed and for the horizontal aim range limits
of S7.8.4,
(b) Conform with the photometrics applicable to it with the lens
at any position relative to the reflector within the range limits as
specified in S7.8.2.2(a),
(c) Be exempted from the aim range limits for testing in a laboratory
in S7.8.3, and
(d) Be exempted from S7.8.4 if it is visually/optically aimable
and has fixed horizontal aim.
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S7.8.2.3 [CONTENT DELETED] |
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S7.8.3 When a headlamp system is tested in a laboratory, the range
of its vertical aim shall not be less than ± 4 degrees from
the nominal correct aim position for the intended vehicle application. When
installed on a motor vehicle, the range of vertical aim shall be not less
than the full range of pitch of the vehicle on which the headlamp system
is installed. The installed range of static pitch angle shall as a minimum
be determined from unloaded vehicle mass weight
to gross vehicle weight rating, and incorporate pitch angle effects from
maximum trailer or trunk loadings, the full range of tire intermix sizes
and suspensions recommended and/or installed by the vehicle manufacturer,
and the anticipated effects of variable passenger loading. The vertical
aim adjustment mechanism shall be continuously adjustable over the full
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S7.8.4 When a headlamp system is tested in a laboratory, the range
of its horizontal aim shall be not less than ± 2.5 degrees from
the nominal correct aim position for the intended vehicle application
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S7.8.5 When activated in a steady-burning
state, headlamps shall not have any styling ornament or other feature, such
as a translucent cover or grill, in front of the lens. Headlamp wipers may
be used in front of the lens provided that the headlamp system is designed
to conform with all applicable photometric requirements with the wiper stopped
in any position in front of the lens. When a headlamp system is installed
on a motor vehicle, it shall be aimable with at least one of the following:
an externally applied aiming device, as specified in S7.8.5.1; an on-vehicle
headlamp aiming device installed by the vehicle or lamp manufacturer, as
specified in S7.8.5.2; or by visual/optical means, as specified in S7.8.5.3.
S7.8.5.1 External aiming. Each headlamp
system that is capable of being mechanically aimed by externally applied
headlamp aiming devices shall be mechanically aimable using the equipment
specified in SAE Standard J602 OCT80, Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically
Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp Units without the removal of any ornamental
trim rings, covers, wipers, or other vehicle parts.
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(a) The aim of the headlamps in each
headlamp system, other than a headlamp system designed to conform to section
S7.3, that is designed to use such external aiming devices, shall not deviate
more than 0.30 degree when a downward torque of 2.25 N-m (20 inch-pounds
pound-inch) is removed from the headlamp in its design operating
position. The downward force used to create the torque shall be applied
parallel to the aiming reference plane, through the aiming pads, and displaced
forward using a lever arm such that the force is applied on an axis that
is perpendicular to the aiming reference plane and originates at the center
of the aiming pad pattern (see Figures 4-1 and 4-3). For headlamps using
the aiming pad locations of Group I, the distance between the point
of application of force and the aiming reference plane shall be not less
than 168.3 mm (6.625 inches) plus the distance from the aiming
reference plane to the secondary plane, if used [see section S7.8.5.1(d)(1)].
For headlamps using the aiming pad locations of Group II, the distance between
the point of application of force and the aiming reference plane shall be
not less than 167.9 mm (6.609 inches) plus the distance from the
aiming reference plane to the secondary plane, if used. For headlamps using
the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming Device Locating Plates for the 146 mm
diameter, the 176 mm diameter, and the 92 x 150 mm sealed
beam units, the distance between the point of application of force and the
aiming plane shall, respectively, be not less than 177.4 mm (6.984 inches),
176.2 mm (6.937 inches), and 193.7 mm (7.625 inches).
Each headlamp system that is designed to conform to paragraph S7.5 and that
is designed to use such external aiming devices, and which is manufactured
on or after September 1, 1990, shall comply with this paragraph.
(b) When a headlamp is installed on a motor vehicle, its aim in any
direction shall not change by more than 0.30 degree, nor shall the
lamp recede more than 2.5 mm (0.1 inch) after being subjected
to an inward force of 222 Newtons (50 pounds) applied evenly
to the lens parallel to the mechanical axis.
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(c) Each headlamp system mounting and aiming mechanism shall be
subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73,
Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for a period of 50 hours,
consisting of two successive 25-hour periods of 24 hours exposure
followed by 1 hour of drying. At the end of 50 hours, the headlamp system
shall be capable of meeting any of the applicable requirements of paragraph
S7.8.
(d) Each headlamp system which is designed to use the Headlamp Aiming
Device Locating Plates with adjustable legs for the 100 x 165 mm
unit and the 142 x 200 mm unit, and which has adjustable length
legs, shall meet the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) below.
(1) The lens shall have three aiming pads which meet the requirements
of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming Pads
on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need not be centered
at the geometric center of the lens or on the optical axis. Except
as provided in subparagraph (2), a whole number which represents the
distance in multiples of 2.54 mm (tenths of an inch) [i.e.
7.62 mm (0.3 inch) = 3] from the aiming
reference plane to the respective aiming pads that are not in contact
with that plane shall be inscribed adjacent to each respective aiming
pad on the lens. The height of these numbers shall be not less than
4 mm (0.157 inch). If there is interference between the
plane and the area of the lens between the aiming pads, the whole
number represents the distance to a secondary plane. The secondary
plane shall be located parallel to the aiming reference plane and
as close to the lens as possible without causing interference.
(2) If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard aiming
pad, then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The dimension
for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4-4) shall be followed
by the letter "H" and the dimension for the center aiming
pad shall be followed by the letter "V". The dimensions
shall be expressed in multiples of 2.54 mm (tenths of
an inch).
(e) Each headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp
Aiming Device Locating Plate for the 100 x 165 mm unit, the
142 x 200 mm unit, the 146 mm diameter unit, or the 178 mm
diameter unit of SAE J602, or the 92 x 150 mm Type F unit,
and incorporate lens mounted aiming pads as specified for those units
in Figures 10, 13, 5, or 7, respectively, in SAE J1383 APR85 or Figure
11 of this TSD standard for the Type F unit.
If so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to designate
the type of plate or dimensions.
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S7.8.5.2 On-vehicle aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of
being aimed by equipment installed on the vehicle shall include a Vehicle
Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD) that conforms to the following requirements:
(a) Aim. The VHAD shall provide for headlamp aim inspection
and adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.
(1) Vertical aim. The VHAD shall include the necessary
references and scales relative to the horizontal plane to assure correct
vertical aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An off-vehicle measurement
of the angle of the plane of the ground is permitted. In addition,
an equal number of graduations from the "0" position representing
angular changes in the axis in the upward and downward directions
shall be provided.
(i) Each graduation shall represent a change in the vertical
position of the mechanical axis not larger than 0.19 degree
[25 mm at 7.62 m (1 inch at 25 ft.)]
to provide for variations in aim at least 1.2 degrees
above and below the horizontal and to have an accuracy relative
to the zero mark of less than 0.1 degree.
(ii) The VHAD shall be marked to indicate headlamp aim movement
in the upward and downward directions.
(iii) Each graduation shall indicate a linear movement of the
scale indicator of not less than 1.27 mm (0.05 inch) if
a direct reading analog indicator is used. If a remote reading indicator
is provided, it shall represent the actual aim movement in a clear,
understandable format.
(iv) The vertical indicator shall perform through a minimum
range of ± 1.2 degrees.
(v) Means shall be provided in the VHAD for compensating for
deviations in floor slope less than 1.2 degrees from the horizontal
that would affect the correct positioning of the headlamp for vertical
aim.
(vi) The graduations shall be legible under an illumination
level not greater than 325 lux (30 foot-candles),
measured at the top of the graduation by an observer having 20/20
vision (Snellen), and shall permit aim adjustment to within 0.19 degree
[25 mm at 7.62 m (1 inch at 25 ft.)].
(2) Horizontal aim. The VHAD shall include references and
scales relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle necessary
to assure correct horizontal aim for photometry and aiming purposes.
A "0" mark shall be used to indicate alignment of the headlamps
relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In addition, an
equal number of graduations from the "0" position representing
equal angular changes in the axis relative to the vehicle axis shall
be provided.
(i) Each graduation shall represent a change in the horizontal
position of the mechanical axis not greater than 0.38 degree
[50 mm at 7.62 m (2 inches at 25 ft.)]
to provide for variations in aim at least 0.76 degree [100 mm
at 7.62 m (4 inches at 25 ft.)] to the left and
right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and shall have an
accuracy relative to the zero mark of less than 0.1 degree.
(ii) The VHAD shall be marked to indicate headlamp aim movement
in the left and right directions.
(iii) The graduations shall be legible under an illumination
level not greater than 325 lux (30 foot-candles),
measured at the top of the graduation by an observer having 20/20
vision (Snellen), and shall permit aim adjustment to within 0.38 degree
[50 mm at 7.62 m (2 inches at 25 ft.)].
(iv) The horizontal indicator shall perform through a minimum
range of ± 0.76 degree [100 mm at 7.62 m
(4 inches at 25 ft.)]; however, the indicator itself shall
be capable of recalibration over a movement of ± 2.5 degrees
relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle to accommodate
any adjustment necessary for recalibrating the indicator after vehicle
repair from accident damage.
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(b) Aiming instructions
(1) The instructions for properly aiming the headlighting system using
the VHAD shall be provided on a label permanently affixed to the vehicle
adjacent to the VHAD or in the vehicle operator’s manual. The instructions
shall advise that the headlighting system is properly aimed if the appropriate
vertical plane (as defined by the vehicle manufacturer) is perpendicular
to both the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and a horizontal plane when
the vehicle is on a horizontal surface and when the VHAD is set
at "0" vertical and "0" horizontal.
(2) Should a remote indicator or a remote indicator and adjuster be
provided, the instructions shall be placed in the operator’s manual, and
may also be placed on a label adjacent to the VHAD.
(3) Should the mechanism not meet the requirements of S7.8.2.1, on
each motor vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1990,
a cautionary label shall be placed adjacent to the mechanism stating the
caution and including either the reason for the caution or the corrective
action necessary. Each such label shall also refer the reader to the vehicle
operator’s manual for complete instructions. Each such vehicle shall be
equipped with an operator’s manual containing the complete instructions
appropriate for the mechanism installed.
(c) Each headlamp equipped with a VHAD that is manufactured for use
on motor vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1998, shall be
manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its manufacturer.
Calibration in this case means the process of accurately aligning the
geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the purposes of
compliance with the TSD standard.
(d) Testing the VHAD
(1) The headlamp assembly [the headlamp(s) and the VHAD(s)] shall
be mounted on a level goniometer aligned to a photometer located not
less than 18.3 m (60 ft.) from the VHAD assembly. The assembly
shall be mechanically aimed using the VHAD, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions as provided with the vehicle on which
the VHAD is intended to be used. A 0.25-degree reaim is permitted
in any direction at any test point to allow for variations in readings
between laboratories. The test shall be conducted in accordance with
the procedures of paragraphs 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85. Under
these conditions, the mounted headlamp assembly shall be designed
to conform to the photometric requirements appropriate for the headlamp
system under test.
(2) When tested in accordance with subsection (1) of this section
with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light sources intended for
use in the system under test, the VHAD and headlamp system shall be
designed to conform to the photometric performance requirements appropriate
for the system under test.
(3) The same VHAD and associated headlamp(s) (or headlamp assembly)
shall be rigidly mounted in a headlamp test fixture and comply with
the following laboratory test procedures:
(i) Each graduation on the horizontal and vertical aim scales
shall be checked and any variation from the correct aim shall not
exceed ± 0.2 degree and ± 0.1 degree, respectively.
(ii) With the aiming plane horizontal and vertical and with
the scale on the device set at 0, the aimer shall be adjusted before
each of the following tests to assure that the indicators are centered
at 0.
(A) The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly shall be stabilized
at -7 ± 3 degrees C (20 ± 5 degrees F)
in a circulating air environmental test chamber. After a period of 30 minutes,
when measured at that soak temperature, the variation from correct horizontal
and of vertical aim shall not exceed ± 0.2 degree
and ± 0.1 degree, respectively.
(B) The VHAD and the headlamp assembly, with its highest wattage filament
(or combination of filaments intended to be used simultaneously) energized
at its design voltage, shall then be stabilized at 38 ± 3 degrees C
(100 ± 5 degrees F) in a circulating air environmental
test chamber. After a period of 30 minutes, when measured at that
soak temperature, the variation from correct horizontal and vertical aim
shall not exceed ± 0.2 degree and ± 0.1 degree, respectively.
(C) The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly shall then be placed
in a circulating air environmental test chamber and exposed to a temperature
of 60 ± 3 degrees C (140 ± 5 degrees F)
for 24 hours, followed by a temperature of -40 ± 3 degrees C
(-40 ± 5 degrees F) for 24 hours and then permitted
to return to room temperature, after which the VHAD and headlamp assembly
shall show no damage which would impair its ability to perform as specified
herein. The variation from correct horizontal or vertical aim shall not
exceed ± 0.2 degree and ± 0.1 degree, respectively.
(D) The VHAD and headlamp assembly shall then be tested according
to the corrosion test procedure of paragraph S7.8.5.1(c).
(E) The VHAD and headlamp assembly shall then be tested for photometric
compliance as specified in paragraphs S7.8.5.2(c)(1) and (2).
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S7.8.5.3 Visual/optical aiming. Each visually/optically aimable headlamp
shall be designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp shall
have a cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or
the right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular
headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff shall not be
changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those
system's headlamps.
(1) Vertical position of cutoff. The headlamp shall be aimed
vertically so that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4 degree down
from the H-H line, or on the right side, at the H-H line.
(2) Vertical gradient. The gradient of the cutoff measured
at either 2.5 degrees L or 2.0 degrees R shall be not less than
0.13 based on the procedure of paragraph S7.8.5.3(a)(5).
(3) Horizontal position of the cutoff. The width shall be not
less than 2.0 (two) degrees, with not less than 2.0 (two) degrees
of its actual width centered at either 2.5 degrees L, or 2.0 degrees R.
(4) Maximum inclination of cutoff. The vertical location of
the highest gradient at the ends of the minimum width shall be within
± 0.2 degree of the vertical location of the maximum gradient
measured at the appropriate vertical line (at either 2.5 degrees L
for a left-side cutoff, or 2.0 degrees R for a right-side cutoff).
(5) Measuring the cutoff parameter
(i) The headlamp shall be mounted on a fixture which simulates its
actual design location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is intended.
The fixture, with the headlamp installed, shall be attached to the goniometer
table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with
the goniometer axes. The headlamp shall be energized at the specified
test voltage.
(ii) The headlamp beam pattern shall be aimed with the cutoff at the
H-H axis. There shall be no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the
horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is
equipped with a VHAD. In this case, the VHAD shall be adjusted to zero.
(iii) A vertical scan of the beam pattern shall be conducted for a
headlamp with a left-side gradient by aligning the goniometer on a vertical
line at 2.5 degrees L and scanning from 1.5 degrees U
to 1.5 degrees D. For a headlamp with a right-side gradient,
a vertical scan of the beam pattern shall be conducted by aligning the
goniometer on a vertical line at 2.0 degrees R and scanning
from 1.5 degrees U to 1.5 degrees D.
(iv) Determine the maximum gradient within the range of the scan by
using the formula: G = log E(a) - log E(a + 0.1),
where "G" is the gradient, "E" is illuminance
illumination, and "a" is vertical angular position.
The maximum value of the gradient "G" determines the vertical
angular location of the cutoff. Perform vertical scans at 1.0 degree L
and R of the measurement point of the maximum gradient to determine the
inclination.
(b) Horizontal aim, lower beam. There shall be no adjustment
of horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD.
If the headlamp has a VHAD, it shall be set to zero.
(c) Vertical aim, upper beam
(1) If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower beam,
the vertical aim of the upper beam shall not be changed from the aim set
using the procedures of paragraphs S7.8.5.3(a) and (b) used for the lower
beam.
(2) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a lower beam,
the vertical aim of the upper beam shall be adjusted so that the maximum
beam intensity is located on the H-H axis.
(d) Horizontal aim, upper beam
(1) If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower beam,
the horizontal aim of the upper beam shall not be changed from the aim
set using the procedures of paragraphs S7.8.5.3 (a) and (b) used for the
lower beam.
(2) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with the lower
beam and has fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD, then the headlamp
shall be mounted on a fixture which simulates its actual design location
on any vehicle for which the headlamp is intended. The fixture, with the
headlamp installed, shall be attached to the goniometer table in such
a way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer
axes. The headlamp shall be energized at 12.8 V ± 0.20 mV.
There shall be no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the horizontal
axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is equipped
with a VHAD. In this case, the VHAD shall be adjusted to zero.
(3) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a lower beam,
and it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal aim of the upper beam shall
be adjusted so that the maximum beam intensity is located on the V-V axis.
(e) Photometric requirements and measurement
(1) Instead of being designed to conform to the photometric requirements
of Figures 15-1, 17-1, 27-1, or 28-1, a visually/optically aimable headlamp
shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Figures 15-2, 17-2,
27-2, or 28-2 when tested in accordance with paragraph (2) and SAE J575
DEC88, with the distance from the photometer to the headlamp no less than
18.3 m.
(2) If the lower beam has a left-side cutoff, reaim the headlamp vertically
to place the maximum gradient found in paragraph S7.8.5.3 at 0.4 degree
below the H-H line. For a headlamp with a lower beam right-side cutoff,
place the maximum gradient found in paragraph S7.8.5.3 at the H-H line.
For an upper beam, the headlamp would already be aimed at the end of the
procedure found in paragraph S7.8.5.3. A 0.25 degree reaim is permitted
in any direction at any test point.
(f) Marking
(1) Headlamp optical axis mark. There shall be a mark or markings
identifying the optical axis of the headlamp visible from the front of
the headlamp when installed on the vehicle, to assure proper horizontal
and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or optical aiming equipment
with the headlamp being aimed. The manufacturer is free to choose the
design of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may be on the interior
or exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or central structure on
the interior or exterior of the headlamp.
(2) Visual/optical aimability identification marks
(i) The lens of a lower beam headlamp shall be marked "VOL"
if the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed using the left
side of the lower beam pattern.
(ii) The lens of a lower beam headlamp shall be marked "VOR"
if the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed using the right
side of the lower beam pattern.
(iii) The lens of each sealed beam or integral beam headlamp shall
be marked "VOR" if the headlamp is of a type that was manufactured
before May 1, 1997, and if such headlamp type has been redesigned since
then to be visually/optically aimable.
(iv) The lens of a headlamp that is solely an upper beam headlamp
and intended to be visually/optically aimed using the upper beam shall
be marked "VO".
(v) Each letter used in marking according to this paragraph shall
be not less than 3 mm high.
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S7.9 Motorcycles
Each motorcycle shall be equipped with a headlighting system designed
to conform to the following requirements.
S7.9.1 A motorcycle manufactured before November 19, 2001,
the Mandatory Compliance Date of Revision 3 of this TSD September
1, 2000, may be equipped with:
(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584,
Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Headlamps, April 1964,
or to SAE Standard J584, April 1964, with the photometric specifications
of Figure 32 and the upper beam aimability specifications of paragraph
S7.9.3; or
(b) One half of any headlighting system specified in S7.1 through
S7.6 which provides both a full upper beam and full lower beam. Where
more than one lamp must be used, the lamps shall be mounted vertically,
with the lower beam as high as practicable.
S7.9.2 A motorcycle manufactured on or after November 19, 2001,
the Mandatory Compliance Date of Revision 3 of this TSD September
1, 2000, shall be equipped with:
(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584,
Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Headlamps, April 1964,
with the photometric specifications of Figure 32 and the upper beam aimability
specifications of paragraph S7.9.3; or
(b) A headlighting system that conforms to S7.9.1(b).
S7.9.3 The upper beam of a multiple beam headlamp designed to
conform to the photometric requirements of Figure 32 shall be aimed photoelectrically
during the photometric test in the manner prescribed in SAE Standard J584,
OCT93, Motorcycle Headlamps.
S7.9.4 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system
S7.9.4.1 A headlamp on a motorcycle may be wired to modulate
either the upper beam or the lower beam from its maximum intensity to
a lesser intensity, provided that:
(a) The rate of modulation shall be 240 ± 40 cycles per minute.
(b) The headlamp shall be operated at maximum power for 50 to 70
percent of each cycle.
(c) The lowest intensity at any test point shall be not less than
17 percent of the maximum intensity measured at the same point.
(d) The modulator switch shall be wired in the power lead of the
beam filament being modulated and not in the ground side of the circuit.
(e) Means shall be provided so that both the lower beam and upper
beam remain operable in the event of a modulator failure.
(f) The system shall include a sensor mounted with the axis of its
sensing element perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Headlamp modulation
shall cease whenever the level of light emitted by a tungsten filament
light operating at 3000 degrees Kelvin is either less than 270 lux (25
foot-candles) of direct light for upward pointing sensors or less than
60 lux (5.6 foot-candles) of reflected light for downward pointing sensors.
The light is measured by a silicon cell type light meter that is located
at the sensor and pointing in the same direction as the sensor. A Kodak
Gray Card (Kodak R-27) is placed at ground level to simulate the road
surface in testing downward pointing sensors.
(g) When tested in accordance with the test profile shown in Figure
9, the voltage drop across the modulator when the lamp is on at all
test conditions for 12 volt systems and 6 volt systems shall not
be greater than 0.45 volt. The modulator shall meet all the provisions
of this TSD the standard after completion of
the test profile shown in Figure 9.
(h) Means shall be provided so that both the lower and upper beam
function at design voltage when the headlamp control switch is in either
the lower or upper beam position when the modulator is off.
S7.9.4.2 [CONTENT DELETED]
S7.9.5 Each replaceable bulb headlamp that is designed to meet
the photometric requirements of paragraph S7.9.1(a) or paragraph S7.9.2(a)
and that is equipped with a light source other than a replaceable light
source meeting the requirements of paragraph S7.7, shall have the word
"motorcycle" permanently marked on the lens in characters not
less than 3 mm (0.114 inch) in height.
S7.9.6 A headlamp system shall be installed on a motorcycle in
accordance with the requirements of this paragraph.
S7.9.6.1 The headlamp system shall be located on the front of
the motorcycle.
S7.9.6.2
(a) If the system consists of a single headlamp, it shall be mounted
on the vertical centerline of the motorcycle. If the headlamp contains
more than one light source, each light source shall be mounted on the
vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower beam,
or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted at
the same height. If the light sources are horizontally disposed about
the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of the
effective projected luminous lens area in front of the light sources
shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 inches).
(b) If the system consists of two headlamps, each of which provides
both an upper and a lower beam, the headlamps shall be mounted
either at the same height and symmetrically disposed about the vertical
centerline or mounted on the vertical centerline. If the headlamps are
horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance between
the closest edges of their effective projected luminous lens areas shall
not be greater than 200 mm (8 inches).
(c) If the system consists of two headlamps, one of which provides
an upper beam and one of which provides the lower beam, the headlamps
shall be located on the vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher
than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline
and mounted at the same height. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed
about the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges
of their effective projected luminous lens areas shall not be greater
than 200 mm (8 inches).
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S8. Tests and Procedures for Integral Beam
and Replaceable Bulb Headlighting Systems
When tested in accordance with the following procedures, each integral
beam headlamp shall meet the requirements of paragraph S7.4, and each
replaceable bulb headlamp shall meet the requirements of paragraph S7.5.
Ballasts required to operate specific gas mixture light sources shall
be included in the tests specified in paragraphs S8.1 and S8.4 though
S8.7.
S8.1 Photometry
Each headlamp to which paragraph S8 applies shall be tested according
to paragraphs 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 for meeting the
applicable photometric requirements, after each test specified in paragraphs
S8.2, S8.3, S8.5, S8.6.1, S8.6.2, S8.7, and S8.10.1 and S8.10.2, if applicable.
A 0.25-degree reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
S8.2 Abrasion
(a) A headlamp shall be mounted in the abrasion test fixture in
the manner indicated in Figure 5 with the lens facing upward.
(b) An abrading pad meeting the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (c)(4) of this section shall be cycled back and forth (1 cycle)
for 11 cycles at 10 cm ± 2 cm (4 ± 0.8 inches)
per second over at least 80 percent of the lens surface, including
all the area between the upper and lower aiming pads, but not including
lens trim rings and edges.
(c) (1) The abrading pad shall be not less than 2.5 cm ± 0.1 cm
(1.0 ± 0.04 inch) wide, constructed of 0000 steel
wool, and rubber cemented to a rigid base shaped to the same vertical
contour of the lens. The "grain" of the pad shall be perpendicular
to the direction of motion.
(2) The abrading pad support shall be equal in size to the pad
and the center of the support surface shall be within ± 2 mm
(± 0.08 inch) of parallel to the lens surface.
(3) The density of the abrading pad shall be such that, when the
pad is mounted to its support and is resting unweighted on the lens,
the base of the pad shall be no closer than 3.2 mm (0.125 inch)
to the lens at its closest point.
(4) When mounted on its support and resting on the lens of the
test headlamp, the abrading pad shall then be weighted such that a
pad pressure of 14 ± 1 kPa (2.0 ± 0.15 psi)
exists at the center and perpendicular to the face of the lens.
(d) A pivot shall be used if it is required to follow the contour
of the lens.
(e) Unused steel wool shall be used for each test.
S8.3 Chemical resistance
(a) The entire exterior lens surface of the headlamp in the headlamp
test fixture and top surface of the lens-reflector joint shall be wiped
once to the left and once to the right with a 15-cm (6-inch) square
soft cotton cloth (with pressure equally applied) which has been saturated
once in a container with 60 mL (2 ounces) of a test fluid
as listed in paragraph (b). The lamp shall be wiped within 5 seconds
after removal of the cloth from the test fluid.
(b) The test fluids are:
(1) ASTM Reference Fuel C, which is composed of Isooctane 50 %
volume and Toluene 50 % volume. Isooctane must conform to A2.7
in Annex 2 of the Motor Fuels Section of the 1985 Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.04, and Toluene must conform to
ASTM specification D362-84, Standard Specification for Industrial
Grade Toluene. ASTM Reference Fuel C must be used as specified
in:
(i) Paragraph A2.3.2 and A2.3.3 of Annex 2 to Motor
Fuels, Section 1 in the 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards;
and
(ii) OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.106 - Handling,
Storage and Use of Flammable Combustible Liquids.
(2) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45 % xylene and
55 % petroleum base mineral spirits).
(3) Power steering fluid (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer
for use in the motor vehicle on which the headlamp is intended to
be installed).
(4) Windshield washer fluid consisting of 0.5 % monoethanolamine
with the remainder 50 % concentration of methanol/distilled water
by volume.
(5) Antifreeze (50 % concentration of ethylene glycol/distilled
water by volume).
(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall
be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a
temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C (73 ± 7 degrees F)
and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent. At the end
of the 48-hour period, the headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft
dry cotton cloth and visually inspected.
S8.4 Corrosion
(a) A connector test shall be performed on each filament circuit
prior to the test in subparagraph (b) according to Figure 1 and
of SAE Standard J580 DEC86. The power source shall be set to
provide 12.8 volts and the resistance shall be set to produce 10 amperes.
(b) The headlamp with connector attached to the terminals, unfixtured
and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes, breathing
devices, or other designed openings in their normal operating positions,
shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM
B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 240 hours,
consisting of ten successive 24-hour periods. During each period, the
headlamp shall be mounted in the middle of the chamber and exposed for
23 hours to the salt spray. The spray shall not be activated during
the 24th hour. The bulb shall be removed from the headlamp and from
the test chamber during the one hour of salt spray deactivation and
reinserted for the start of the next test period at the following
times: at the end of the first and last three 23-hour periods of
salt spray exposure and at the end of any two of the fourth through
seventh 23-hour periods of salt-spray exposure. The test chamber shall
be closed at all times, except for a maximum of 2 minutes which
is allowed for removal or replacement of a bulb during each period.
After the ten periods, the lens reflector unit without the bulb shall
be immersed in deionized water for 5 minutes, then secured and
allowed to dry by natural convection only.
(c) Using the voltage, resistance, and pretest set up of paragraph
(a), the current in each filament circuit shall be measured after the
test conducted in paragraph (b).
S8.5 Dust
The headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test fixture, with all drain holes,
breathing devices, or other designed openings in their normal operating
positions, shall be positioned within a cubical box with inside measurements
of 900 mm (35.4 inches) on each side or larger, if required
for adequate wall clearance, i.e., a distance of at least 150 mm
(5.9 inches) between the headlamp and any wall of the box. The box
shall contain 4.5 kg (9.9 pounds) of fine powdered cement which
conforms to the ASTM C150-77 specification for Portland Cement. Every
15 minutes, the cement shall be agitated by compressed air or fan
blower(s) by projecting blasts of air for a two-second period in a downward
direction so that the cement is diffused as uniformly as possible throughout
the entire box. This test shall be continued for five hours, after which
the exterior surfaces of the headlamp shall be wiped clean.
S8.6 Temperature and internal heat test
A headlamp with one or more replaceable light sources shall be tested
according to paragraphs S8.6.1 and S8.6.2. Tests shall be made with all
filaments lighted at design voltage that are intended to be used simultaneously
in the headlamp and which in combination draw the highest total wattage.
These include, but are not limited to, filaments used for turn signal
lamps, fog lamps, parking lamps, and headlamp lower beams lighted with
upper beams when the wiring harness is so connected on the vehicle. If
a turn signal is included in the headlamp assembly, it shall be operated
at 90 flashes a minute with a 75 ± 2 % current "on time".
If the lamp produces both the upper and lower beam, it shall be tested
in both the upper beam mode and the lower beam mode under the conditions
above described, except for a headlamp with a single Type HB1 or HB2 light
source.
S8.6.1 Temperature cycle. A headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test
fixture, shall be subjected to 10 complete consecutive cycles having the
thermal cycle profile shown in Figure 6. During the hot cycle, the
lamp shall be energized commencing at point "A" of Figure 6
and de-energized at point "B". Separate or single test chambers
may be used to generate the environments of Figure 6. All drain holes,
breathing devices, or other openings or vents of the headlamps shall be
in their normal operating positions.
S8.6.2 Internal heat test
(a) The headlamp lens surface that would normally be exposed to
road dirt shall be uniformly sprayed with any appropriate mixture of
dust and water or other materials to reduce the photometric output at
the H-V test point of the upper beam (or the ½D-1½R test point of the
lower beam, as appropriate) to 25 ± 2 % of the output originally
measured in the photometric test conducted pursuant to paragraphs S7.4(i)
or S7.5 (a) through (e), as applicable. A headlamp with a single Type
HB1 or HB2 light source shall be tested on the upper beam only. Such
reduction shall be determined under the same conditions as that
of the original photometric measurement.
(b) After the photometric output of the lamp has been reduced as
specified in paragraph (a), the lamp and its mounting hardware shall
be mounted in an environmental chamber in a manner similar to that indicated
in Figure 7 "Dirt/Ambient Test Setup". The headlamp shall
be soaked for one hour at a temperature of 35 + 4 - 0 degrees C
(95 + 7 - 0 degrees F) and then the lamp
shall be energized according to paragraph S8.6 for one hour in a still
air condition, allowing the temperature to rise from the soak temperature.
(c) The lamp shall be returned to a room ambient temperature of
23 + 4 - 0 degrees C (73 + 7 - 0 degrees F)
and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 % and allowed to stabilize
to the room ambient temperature. The lens shall then be cleaned.
S8.7 Humidity
(a) The test fixture consists of a horizontal steel plate to which
three threaded steel or aluminum rods of 12.5 mm (0.5 inch)
diameter are screwed vertically behind the headlamp. The headlamp assembly
is clamped to the vertical rods, which are behind the headlamp. All
attachments to the headlamp assembly are made behind the lens and vents
or openings and are not within 50 mm (2 inches) laterally
of a vent inlet or outlet.
(b) The mounted headlamp assembly is oriented in its design operating
position, and is placed in a controlled environment at a temperature
of 38 + 4 - 0 degrees C (100 + 7 - 0 degrees F)
with a relative humidity of not less than 90 percent. All drain
holes, breathing devices, and other openings are in their normal operation
positions for all phases of the humidity test. The headlamp shall be
subjected to 24 consecutive 3-hour test cycles. In each cycle, it shall
be energized for 1 hour at design voltage with the highest combination
of filament wattages that are intended to be used, and then de-energized
for 2 hours. If the headlamp incorporates a turn signal, it shall
flash at 90 flashes per minute with a 75 ± 2 % current
"on-time".
(c) Within 3 minutes after the completion of the 24th cycle,
the air flow test will begin. The following shall occur: The mounted
assembly shall be removed, placed in an insulating box, and covered
with foam material so that there is no visible air space around the
assembly; the box shall be closed, taken to the air flow test chamber,
and placed within it. Inside the chamber, the assembly with respect
to the air flow, shall be oriented in its design operating position.
The assembly is positioned in the chamber so that the center of the
lens is in the center of the opening of the air flow entry duct during
the test. The headlamp has at least 76 mm (3 inches)
clearance on all sides, and at least 102 mm (4 inches)
to the entry and exit ducts at the closest points. If vent tubes are
used which extend below the lamp body, the 76 mm (3 inches)
are measured from the bottom of the vent tube or its protection. The
temperature of the chamber is 23 + 4 - 0 degrees C
(73 + 7 - 0 degrees F) with a relative
humidity of 30 + 10 - 0 percent. The headlamp
is not energized.
(d) Before the test specified in paragraph (e) of this section,
the uniformity of the air flow in the empty test chamber at a plane
102 mm (4 inches) downstream of the air entry duct
shall have been measured over a 102-mm (4-inch) square grid.
The uniformity of air flow at each grid point is ± 10 percent
of the average air flow specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(e) The mounted assembly in the chamber shall be exposed for one
hour to an average air flow of 1.7 + 0 - 0.15 m/s
(330 + 0 - 30 ft/min.), as measured with an
air velocity measuring probe having an accuracy of ± 3 percent
in the 1.7 m/s (330 ft/min.) range. The average air
flow is the average of the velocity recorded at six points around the
perimeter of the lens. The six points are determined as follows: At
the center of the lens, construct a horizontal plane. The first two
points are located in the plane, 25 mm (1 inch) outward
from the intersection of the plane and each edge of the lens. Then,
trisect the distance between these two points and construct longitudinal
vertical planes at the two intermediate locations formed by the trisection.
The four remaining points are located in the vertical planes 25 mm
(one inch) above the top edge of the lens and 25 mm
(one inch) below the bottom edge of the lens.
(f) After one hour, the headlamp is removed and inspected for moisture.
S8.8 Vibration
A vibration test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures
of SAE Standard J575e, Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices and
Components, August 1970, and the following: the table on the adapter
plate shall be of sufficient size to completely contain the test fixture
base with no overhang. The vibration shall be applied in the vertical
axis of the headlamp system as mounted on the vehicle. The filament shall
not be energized.
S8.9 Sealing
An unfixtured headlamp in its design mounting position shall be placed
in water at a temperature of 80 60 ± 3 degrees C
(176 ± 5 degrees F) for one hour. The headlamp shall
be energized in its highest wattage mode, with the test voltage at 12.8 ± 0.1 V
during immersion. The lamp shall then be de-energized and immediately
submerged in its design mounting position into water at 0 + 3 - 0 degrees C
(32 + 5 - 0 degrees F). The water shall
be in a pressurized vessel, and the pressure shall be increased to 70 kPa
(10 psi) upon placing the lamp in the water. The lamp shall remain
in the pressurized vessel for a period of thirty minutes. This entire
procedure shall be repeated for four cycles. Then the lamp shall be inspected
for any signs of water on its interior. During the high temperature portion
of the cycles, the lamp shall be observed for signs of air escaping from
its interior. If any water occurs on the interior or air escapes, the
lamp is not a sealed lamp.
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S8.10 Chemical and corrosion resistance of
reflectors of replaceable lens headlamps
S8.10.1 Chemical resistance
(a) With the headlamp in the headlamp test fixture and the lens
removed, the entire surface of the reflector that receives light from
a headlamp light source shall be wiped once to the left and once to
the right with a 152 mm (6-inch) square soft cotton cloth
(with pressure equally applied) which has been saturated once in a container
with 60 mL (2 ounces) of one of the test fluids listed
in paragraph (b). The lamp shall be wiped within 5 seconds after
removal of the cloth from the test fluid.
(b) The test fluids are:
(1) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45 % xylene and 55 %
petroleum base mineral spirits);
(2) Mineral spirits; or
(3) Fluids other than water contained in the manufacturer's instructions
for cleaning the reflector.
(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall
be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a
temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C (73 ± 7 degrees F)
and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent. At the end
of the 48-hour period, the headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft
dry cotton cloth and visually inspected.
S8.10.2 Corrosion
(a) The headlamp with the lens removed, unfixtured and in its designed
operating attitude with all drain holes, breathing devices or other
designed openings in their normal operating positions, shall be subjected
to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73, Method
of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 24 hours, while mounted in
the middle of the chamber.
(b) Afterwards, the headlamp shall be stored in its designed operating
attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C
(73 ± 7 degrees F) and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent
and allowed to dry by natural convection only. At the end of the 48-hour
period, the reflector shall be cleaned according to the instructions
supplied with the headlamp manufacturer's replacement lens, and inspected.
The lens and seal shall then be attached according to these instructions
and the headlamp tested for photometric performance.
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(39) |
S9. Deflection test for replaceable light sources
With the light source rigidly mounted in a fixture in a manner indicated
in Figure 8, a force 17.8 ± 0.4 N (4.0 ± 0.1 pounds)
is applied at a distance "A" from the reference plane perpendicular
to the longitudinal axis of the glass capsule and parallel to the smallest
dimension of the pressed glass capsule seal. The force shall be applied
[using a rod with a hard rubber tip with a minimum spherical radius of
1 mm (0.039 in)] radially to the surface of the glass capsule
in four locations in a plane parallel to the reference plane and spaced
at a distance "A" from that plane. These force applications
shall be spaced 90 degrees apart starting at the point perpendicular
to the smallest dimension of the pressed seal of the glass capsule. The
bulb deflection shall be measured at the glass capsule surface at 180 degrees
opposite to the force application. Distance "A" for a replaceable
light source other than an HB Type shall be the dimension specified
or supplied in accordance with subsection
108(5) of the MVSR provided in accordance with Appendix
A of part 564 of this chapter, section I.A.1 if the light source has a
lower beam filament, or as specified in section I.B.1 if the light source
has only an upper beam filament.
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(50) |
S10. Simultaneous Aim Photometry Tests
(a) Type F headlamp systems. The assembly shall be located
on a goniometer placed not less than 18.3 m (60 feet) from
the photometer. The LF unit shall be aimed mechanically by centering
the unit on the photometer axis and by aligning the aiming plane of
the lens perpendicular to the photometer axis. Then the assembly shall
be moved in a plane parallel to the established aiming plane of the
LF headlamp until the UF headlamp is centered on the photometer axis.
Photometry measurements of the UF photometry unit shall
be completed using the aiming plane so established, and the procedures
of sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85, and Figure
15-1 or Figure 15-2. A reaim tolerance of ± 0.25 degree is
permitted in any direction at any test point.
(b) Integral beam headlamp systems. The assembly used for
simultaneously aiming more than one integral beam headlamp shall be
placed on a test fixture on a goniometer located not less than 18.3 m
(60 feet) from the photometer. The assembly shall be aimed by centering
the geometric center of the lower beam lens(es) on the photometer axis
and by aligning the photometer axis to be perpendicular to the aiming
reference plane or appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer
of any lower beam contributor. Photometric compliance of the lower beam
shall be determined with all lower beam contributors illuminated and
in accordance with sections 4.1 and 4.1.6 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85,
and Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The assembly shall then be moved in
a plane parallel to the established aiming plane of the lower beam until
the assembly is located with the geometric center of the upper beam
lens(es) on the photometer axis. Photometric compliance for the
upper beam shall now be determined using the figure and procedure specified
for the lower beam. During photometric testing, a 0.25-degree reaim
is permitted in any direction at any test point.
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(20)
(48)
(49) |
S11. Photometric Test
A daytime running lamp that is wired in accordance with subsections
108(44) to (65) of the MVSR paragraph S5.5.11 of this
standard, shall be tested for compliance with subsection
108(48) S5.5.11(a)(1) in accordance with
the test method specified for photometric testing in SAE Standard J575
DEC88 when a test voltage of 12.8V ± 20 mV is applied to
the input terminals of the lamp switch module or voltage-reducing equipment,
whichever is closer to the electrical source on the vehicle. The test
distance from the lamp to the photometer shall be not less than 18.3 m,
if the lamp is optically combined with a headlamp or is a separate lamp,
and not less than 3 m, if the lamp is optically combined with a lamp,
other than a headlamp, that is required by this TSD standard.
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S12. Headlamp Concealment Devices
S12.1 While the headlamp is illuminated, its fully opened headlamp
concealment device shall remain fully opened should any loss of power
to or within the headlamp concealment device occur.
S12.2 Whenever any malfunction occurs in a component that controls
or conducts power for the actuation of the concealment device, each closed
headlamp concealment device shall be capable of being fully opened by
a means not requiring the use of any tools. Thereafter, the headlamp concealment
device must remain fully opened until intentionally closed.
S12.3 Except for malfunctions covered by S12.2, each headlamp
concealment device shall be capable of being fully opened and the headlamps
illuminated by actuation of a single switch, lever, or similar mechanism,
including a mechanism that is automatically actuated by a change in ambient
light conditions.
S12.4 Each headlamp concealment device shall be installed so that
the headlamp may be mounted, aimed, and adjusted without removing any
component of the device, other than components of the headlamp assembly.
S12.5 Except for cases of malfunction covered by S12.2, each headlamp
concealment device shall, within an ambient temperature range of -28.9
degrees C (-20 degrees F) to +48.9 degrees C (+120 degrees
F), be capable of being fully opened in not more than 3 seconds after
the actuation of a driver-operated control.
S12.6 As an alternative to complying with the requirements of
S12.1 through S12.5, a vehicle with headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/optical
aiming in accordance with paragraph S7 may meet the requirements for Concealable
lamps in paragraph 5.14 of the following version of the Economic Commission
for Europe Regulation 48 ``Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval
of Vehicles With Regard to the Installation of Lighting and Light-Signalling
Devices'': E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February
1996 (page 17), in the English language version. A copy of paragraph
5.14 may be reviewed at the DOT Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department
of Transportation, Room PL-01, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, D.C.
20590-0001. Copies of E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2,
26 February 1996 may be obtained from the ECE internet site: www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs.html
or by writing to: United Nations, Conference Services Division, Distribution
and Sales Section, Office C.115-1, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva
10, Switzerland.
S12.7 [CONTENT DELETED]
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FIGURES AND TABLES TO TSD
No. 108 §571.108
FIGURES: 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 4-1 to 4-4, 5 to 10,
15-1, 15-2, 17-1, 17-2, 19, 20, and 25 to 32
TABLES: I to IV
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(3) |
Note: Figures 11 through 14, 16, 18, 21, and
22 of Safety Standard No. 108 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
have been deleted. |
|
Figure 1A: Required Percentages of Minimum Candlepower of
Figure 1B
Test points (degrees) |
Turn signal |
Stop |
Parking |
Tail |
10U, 10D |
5L, 5R |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
5U, 5D |
20L, 20R |
12.5 |
12.5 |
10 |
15 |
5U, 5D |
10L, 10R |
37.5 |
37.5 |
20 |
40 |
5U, 5D |
V |
87.5 |
87.5 |
70 |
90 |
H |
10L, 10R |
50 |
50 |
35 |
40 |
H |
5L, 5R |
100 |
100 |
90 |
100 |
H |
V |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Note 1: Minimum design candlepower requirements are determined
by multiplying the percentages given in this Figure by the minimum
allowable candlepower values in Figure 1B. The resulting values
shall be truncated after one digit to the right of the decimal point.
Note 2: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means
right; U means up; and V means vertical.
|
Figure 1B: Minimum and Maximum Allowable Candlepower Values
|
Lighted Sections
|
Lamp |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Stop |
80/300 |
95/360 |
110/420 |
Tail1 |
2/18 |
3.5/20 |
5.0/25 |
Parking2 |
4.0/125 |
--
|
--
|
Red turn signal |
80/300 |
95/360 |
110/420 |
Yellow turn signal rear |
130/750 |
150/900 |
175/1050 |
Yellow turn signal front |
200/- |
240/- |
275/- |
Yellow turn signal front3 |
500/- |
600/- |
685/- |
1 Maximum at H or above.
2 The maximum candlepower value
of 125 applies to all test points at H or above. The maximum allowable
candlepower value below H is 250.
3 Values apply when the optical
axis (filament center) of the front turn signal is at a spacing
less than 10 cm (4 inches) from the lighted edge of the headlamp
unit providing the lower beam, or from the lighted edge of any additional
lamp installed as original equipment and which supplements the lower
beam.
|
Figure 1C: Sum of the Percentages of Grouped Minimum Candlepower
Group and test points |
Turn signal |
Stop |
Parking |
Tail |
1 10U-5L, 5U-20L, 5D-20L, 10D-5L |
65 |
65 |
60 |
70 |
2 5U-10L, H-10L, 5D-10L |
125 |
125 |
75 |
120 |
3 H-5L, 5U-V, H-V, 5D-V, H-5R |
475 |
475 |
420 |
480 |
4 5U-10R, H-10R, 5D-10R |
125 |
125 |
75 |
120 |
5 10U-5R, 5U-20R, 5D-20R, 10D-5R |
65 |
65 |
60 |
70 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R
means right; U means up; and V means vertical.
|
Figure 2: Minimum Luminous Intensity Requirements for Backup
Lamps
Group |
Test point, degrees |
Total for group, candela1 |
11
|
45L-5U, 45L-H, 45L-5D |
45 |
21
|
30L-H, 30L-5D |
50 |
3 |
10L-10U, 10L-5U, V-10U, V-5U,
10R-10U, 10R-5U |
100
|
4 |
10L-H, 10L-5D, V-H, V-5D, 10R-H,
10R-5D |
360
|
51
|
30R-H, 30R-5D |
50 |
61
|
45R-5U, 45R-H, 45R-5D |
45 |
1 When
2 lamps of the same or symmetrically opposite design are used, the
reading along the vertical axis and the averages of the readings
for the same angles left and right of vertical for 1 lamp shall
be used to determine compliance with the requirements. If 2 lamps
of differing designs are used, they shall be tested individually
and the values added to determine that the combined units meet twice
the candela requirements. When only 1 backup lamp is used on the
vehicle, it shall be tested to twice the candela requirements.
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
Figure 4-1: Dimensional Specifications
for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units
Figure 4-2: Detailed Example of
Aiming Pad
Figure 4-3: Dimensional Specifications
for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Units
|
Figure 4-4: Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming
Pads on Replaceable Bulb Units
Dimension
|
Millimeters
|
Inches
|
A
|
42.16 ± 0.25
|
1.660 ± 0.010
|
B
|
60.05 ± 1.00
|
2.364 ± 0.039
|
C
|
64.0 ± 1.00
|
2.520 ± 0.039
|
D
|
68.58 ± 0.51
|
2.700 ± 0.020
|
E
|
Mechanical aiming device
locating plate setting for the vertical adjustable leg. (Millimeters)
|
F
|
Mechanical aiming device
locating plate setting for the horizontal adjustable leg.
(Millimeters)
|
|
|
Figure 5: Abrasion Test Fixture
Figure 6: Thermal Cycle Profile
Figure 7: Dirt/Ambient Test Setup
Figure 8: Bulb Deflection Test
Figure 9: Temperature-Humidity Environmental
Test Profile
(15) |
Figure 10: Photometric Requirements for
Center High-Mounted Stop Lamps
Individual test points |
Minimum intensity (candela) |
Zones
(test points within zone, see note 2) |
Minimum total for zone (candela)
|
10U-10L |
8 |
Zone I (5U-V, H-5L, H-V, H-5R, 5D-V) |
125 |
10U-V |
16 |
|
|
10U-10R |
8 |
|
|
5U-10L |
16 |
Zone II (5U-5R, 5U-10R, H-10R, 5D-10R,
5D-5R) |
98 |
5U-5L |
25 |
|
|
5U -V |
25 |
|
|
5U-5R |
25 |
|
|
5U-10R |
16 |
|
|
5D-10L |
16 |
Zone III (5U-5L, 5U-10L, H-10L, 5D-10L,
5D-5L) |
98 |
5D-5L |
25 |
|
|
5D-V |
25 |
|
|
5D-5R |
25 |
|
|
5D-10R |
16 |
|
|
H-10L |
16 |
Zone IV (10U-10L, 10U-V, 10U-10R) |
32 |
H-5L |
25 |
|
|
H-V |
25 |
|
|
H-5R |
25 |
|
|
H-10R |
16 |
|
|
See Note 1 |
1601 |
|
|
Note 1: The listed maximum shall not occur over any area larger than
that generated by a 0.25-degree radius within a solid cone angle within
the rectangle bounded by test points 10U-10L, 10U-10R, 5D-10L, and 5D-10R.
Note 2: The measured values at each test point shall not be less than
60% of the value listed.
Note 3: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
1 Maximum intensity (Candela).
|
|
Figure 15-1: Photometric Test Point
Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems
Four-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,500 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
5,000 |
H-V |
70,000 |
40,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
15,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
5,000 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
3,000 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
1,500 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
2,000 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and 12R |
|
1,000 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to 3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to 3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.5D-1.5L to L |
3,000 |
|
0.5D-1.5R |
20,000 |
10,000 |
1D-6L |
|
1,000 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
1,000 |
2D-15L and 15R |
|
850 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
4D-V |
7,000 |
|
H-V |
5,000 |
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 15-2: Photometric Test Point
Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems
Four-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,500 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
5,000 |
H-V |
70,000 |
40,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
15,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
5,000 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
3,000 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
1,500 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and
9R |
|
2,000 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and
12R |
|
1,000 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to
3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to
R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to
L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to
L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to
3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-V |
5,000 |
|
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.6D-1.3R |
|
10,000 |
0.86D-V |
|
4,500 |
0.86D-3.5L |
12,000 |
1,800 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
2D-9L and 9R |
|
1,250 |
2D-15L and
15R |
|
1,000 |
4D-V |
10,000 |
|
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
4D-20L and
20R |
|
300 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 17-1: Photometric Test Point
Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems
Two-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees)
|
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,500 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
5,000 |
H-V |
75,000 |
40,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
15,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
5,000 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
3,000 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
1,500 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
2,000 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and 12R |
|
1,000 |
4D-V |
12,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to 3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to 3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.5D-1.5L to L |
3,000 |
|
0.5D-1.5R |
20,000 |
10,000 |
1D-6L |
|
1,000 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
1,000 |
2D-15L and 15R |
|
850 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 17-2: Photometric Test
Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems
Two-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,500 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
5,000 |
H-V |
75,000 |
40,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
15,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
5,000 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
3,000 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
1,500 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and
9R |
|
2,000 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and
12R |
|
1,000 |
4D-V |
12,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to
3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to
R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to
L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to
L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to
3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.6D-1.3R |
|
10,000 |
0.86D-V |
|
4,500 |
0.86D-3.5L |
12,000 |
1,800 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
2D-9L and 9R |
|
1,250 |
2D-15L and
15R |
|
1,000 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
4D-20L and
20R |
|
300 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 19: Visibility
of Installed Lighting Devices
(Lens Area Measurement Method)
Item |
Corner Points1
(degrees)
|
Front Turn Signal Lamp2 |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H) |
Rear Turn Signal Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H) |
Stop Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H) |
Parking Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H) |
Tail Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H) |
1 In the horizontal (H) direction, a minus (–) sign
indicates an inward direction (toward the vehicle’s longitudinal
centerline) and a plus (+) sign indicates an outward direction.
2 Where more than one lamp or optical area is lighted at the
front on each side of a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer,
or bus of 2,032 mm or more overall width, only one such lamp or
area need comply.
Note: U means up; H means horizontal; and D means down.
Figure 20: Visibility of Installed Lighting
Devices
(Luminous Intensity Measurement Method)
Item |
Corner Points1
(degrees)
|
Minimum Luminous
Intensity (candela) |
Front Turn Signal Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +80H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +80H)
|
0.3 |
Rear Turn Signal Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +80H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +80H)
|
0.3 |
Stop Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +45H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +45H)
|
0.3 |
Front Parking Lamp
|
(15U, –45H), (15U, +80H)
(15D, –45H), (15D, +80H)
|
0.05 |
Tail Lamp |
(15U, –45H), (15U, +80H)
(15D, –45H2), (15D, +80H)
|
0.05 |
1 In the horizontal (H) direction, a minus (–) sign
indicates an inward direction (toward the vehicle’s longitudinal
centerline) and a plus (+) sign indicates an outward direction.
2 – 80H° for motorcycles incorporating a single
lamp.
Note: U means up; H means horizontal; and D means down.
|
Figure 25: Pressure Chamber
|
Figure 26: Table for Determining the
Photometric Requirements of Replaceable
Bulb Headlamp Systems |
|
Any dual filament
type other than HB2 used alone or with another dual filament type
other than HB2, filed in Docket No. NHSA 98-3397 |
HB2 or any
single filament type used alone or with any other single or dual
filament type, filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397 |
Four-Headlamp
Systems |
Fig. 28-1
or 28-227-1 or 27-2
Fig. 15-1 or 15-2 |
Fig. 15-1 or
15-2 |
Two-Headlamp
Systems |
Fig. 27-1 or
27-2
Fig. 17-1 or 17-2 |
Fig. 17-1 or
17-2 |
|
|
Figure 27-1: Photometric Test Point
Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems
Two-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,000 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
2,000 |
H-V |
75,000 |
20,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
10,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
3,250 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
1,500 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
750 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
1,500 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and 12R |
|
750 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to 3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to 3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.5D-1.5L to L |
2,500 |
|
0.5D-1.5R |
20,000 |
8,000 |
1D-6L |
|
750 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
750 |
2D-15L and 15R |
|
700 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 27-2: Photometric Test Point
Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems
Two-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
1,000 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
2,000 |
H-V |
75,000 |
20,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
10,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
3,250 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
1,500 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
750 |
1.5D-V |
|
5,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
1,500 |
2.5D-V |
|
2,500 |
2.5D-12L and 12R |
|
750 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to
3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to
R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to
L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to
L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to
3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.6D-1.3R |
|
10,000 |
0.86D-V |
|
4,500 |
0.86D-3.5L |
12,000 |
1,800 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
2D-9L and 9R |
|
1,250 |
2D-15L and
15R |
|
1,000 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
4D-20L and
20R |
|
300 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 28-1: Photometric Test Point
Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems
Four-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Headlamp Type |
1A1, 1C1, and 1G1 |
2A1, 2C1, and 2G1 |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
750 |
|
750 |
1U-3L and 3R |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
H-V |
60,000 |
18,000 |
15,000 |
7,000 |
H-3L and 3R |
|
12,000 |
|
3,000 |
H-6L and 6R |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
H-9L and 9R |
|
2,000 |
|
1,000 |
H-12L and 12R |
|
750 |
|
750 |
1.5D-V |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
1,250 |
|
750 |
2.5D-V |
|
1,500 |
|
1,000 |
2.5D-12L and 12R |
|
600 |
|
400 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
2,500 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Headlamp Type |
2A1, 2C1, and 2G1 |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to 3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to 3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.5D-1.5L to L |
2,500 |
|
0.5D-1.5R |
20,000 |
8,000 |
1D-6L |
|
750 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
1.5D-9L and 9R |
|
750 |
2D-15L and 15R |
|
700 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 28-2: Photometric Test Point
Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems
Four-Lamp Systems
UPPER BEAM |
Headlamp Type |
1A1, 1C1, and 1G1 |
2A1, 2C1, and 2G1 |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
2U-V |
|
750 |
|
750 |
1U-3L and
3R |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
H-V |
60,000 |
18,000 |
15,000 |
7,000 |
H-3L and
3R |
|
12,000 |
|
3,000 |
H-6L and
6R |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
H-9L and
9R |
|
2,000 |
|
1,000 |
H-12L and
12R |
|
750 |
|
750 |
1.5D-V |
|
3,000 |
|
2,000 |
1.5D-9L and
9R |
|
1,250 |
|
750 |
2.5D-V |
|
1,500 |
|
1,000 |
2.5D-12L
and 12R |
|
600 |
|
400 |
4D-V |
5,000 |
|
2,500 |
|
LOWER BEAM |
Headlamp Type |
2A1, 2C1, and 2G1 |
Test Points
(degrees) |
Candela maximum |
Candela minimum |
10U-90U |
125 |
|
4U-8L and 8R |
|
64 |
2U-4L |
|
135 |
1.5U-1R to 3R |
|
200 |
1.5U-1R to R |
1,400 |
|
1U-1.5L to L |
700 |
|
0.5U-1.5L to L |
1,000 |
|
0.5U-1R to 3R |
2,700 |
500 |
H-4L |
|
135 |
H-8L |
|
64 |
0.6D-1.3R |
|
10,000 |
0.86D-V |
|
4,500 |
0.86D-3.5L |
12,000 |
1,800 |
1.5D-2R |
|
15,000 |
2D-9L and 9R |
|
1,250 |
2D-15L and 15R |
|
1,000 |
4D-4R |
12,500 |
|
4D-20L and 20R |
|
300 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 29: Minimum Photometric
Performance of Retroreflective Sheeting (Candela/Lux/Square
Meter)
Entrance angle |
Observation angle |
Grade |
0.2 Degree |
0.5 Degree |
White |
Red |
White |
Red |
-4 degrees |
250 |
60 |
65 |
15 |
DOT-C2 |
30 degrees |
250 |
60 |
65 |
15 |
DOT-C2 |
45 degrees |
60 |
15 |
15 |
4 |
DOT-C2 |
-4 degrees |
165 |
40 |
43 |
10 |
DOT-C3 |
30 degrees |
165 |
40 |
43 |
10 |
DOT-C3 |
45 degrees |
40 |
10 |
10 |
3 |
DOT-C3 |
-4 degrees |
125 |
30 |
33 |
9 8
|
DOT-C4 |
30 degrees |
125 |
30 |
33 |
8 |
DOT-C4 |
45 degrees |
30 |
8 |
8 |
2 |
DOT-C4 |
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
Figure 30-1: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment
Example
Figure 30-2: Trailer Conspicuity
Treatment Example
Figure 30-3: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment
Example
Figure 30-4: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment
Example
Figure 31: Tractor Conspicuity Treatment
Example
|
|
Test Points (degrees)
|
Motorcycle
(candela) |
Limited-Speed Motorcycle Motor-Driven
Cycle (candela) |
Limited-Speed Motorcycle Motor-Driven
Cycle with Single Lamp System (candela) |
Up or Down |
Left or Right |
|
|
|
Lower Beam |
1.5U |
1R to R |
1400 max |
1400 max |
|
1.5U |
1R to 3R |
|
|
1400 max |
1U |
1.5L to L |
700 max |
700 max |
700 max |
0.5U |
1.5L to L |
1000 max |
1000 max |
1000 max |
0.5U |
1R to 3R |
2700 max |
2700 max |
2700 max |
1.5D |
9L and 9R |
700 min |
|
|
2D |
0.0R |
7000 min |
5000 min |
4000 min |
2D |
3L and 3R |
4000 min |
3000 min |
3000 min |
2D |
6L and 6R |
1500 min |
1500 min |
1500 min |
2D |
12L and 12R |
700 min |
|
|
3D |
6L and 6R |
800 min |
800 min |
|
4D |
0.0R |
2000 min |
2000 min |
1000 min |
4D |
4R |
12500 max |
12500 max |
12500 max |
Upper Beam
|
2U |
0.0R |
1000 min |
|
|
1U |
3L and 3R |
2000 min |
2000 min |
|
0.0U |
0.0R |
12500 min |
10000 min |
|
0.5D |
0.0R |
20000 min |
20000 min |
|
0.5D |
3L and 3R |
10000 min |
5000 min |
|
0.5D |
6L and 6R |
3300 min |
2000 min |
|
0.5D |
9L and 9R |
1500 min |
|
|
0.5D |
12L and 12R |
800 min |
|
|
1D |
0.0R |
17500 min |
15000 min |
|
2D |
0.0R |
5000 min |
5000 min |
|
3D |
0.0R |
2500 min |
2500 min |
|
3D |
6L and 6R |
|
800 min |
|
3D |
9L and 9R |
1500 min |
|
|
3D |
12L and 12R |
300 min |
|
|
4D |
0.0R |
1500 min |
|
|
4D |
0.0R |
7500 max |
7500 max |
|
ANYWHERE |
ANYWHERE |
75000 max |
75000 max |
|
Note: D means down; H means horizontal; L means left; R means right;
U means up; and V means vertical.
|
|
TABLE I: REQUIRED MOTOR VEHICLE LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT OTHER THAN HEADLAMPS
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers, and Buses
of 2.05 m or more (80 or more inches) Overall Width
Item |
Multipurpose passenger vehicles,
trucks, and buses |
Trailers |
Applicable SAE standard or
recommended practice (See S5 for subreferenced SAE materials)
|
Tail lamps |
2 red |
2 red |
J585e, September 1977. |
Stop lamps |
2 red |
2 red |
SAE J1398, May 1985. |
License plate lamp |
1 white |
1 white |
J587 October 1981. |
Reflex reflectors |
4 red; 2 amber |
4 red; 2 amber |
J594f, January 1977. |
Side marker lamps |
2 red; 2 amber |
2 red; 2 amber |
J592e, July 1972. |
Backup lamp |
1 white |
None |
J593c, February 1968. |
Turn signal lamps |
2 red or amber; 2 amber |
2 red or amber |
SAE J1395, April 1985. |
Turn signal operating unit |
1 |
None |
J589, April 1964. |
Turn signal flasher |
1 |
None |
J590b, October 1965. |
Vehicular hazard warning signal operating
unit |
1 |
None |
J910, January 1966. |
Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher |
1 |
None |
J945, February 1966. |
Identification lamps |
3 amber; 3 red |
3 red |
J592e, July 1972. |
Clearance lamps |
2 amber; 2 red |
2 amber; 2 red |
J592e, July 1972. |
Intermediate side marker lamps |
2 amber |
2 amber |
J592e, July 1972. |
Intermediate side reflex reflectors |
2 amber |
2 amber |
J594f, January 1977. |
Conspicuity |
See S5.7 |
See S5.7 |
See S5.7 |
|
(14) |
TABLE II: LOCATION OF REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers, and Buses of
2.05 m or more (80 or more inches) Overall Width
Item |
Location on |
Height above road surface measured from
center of item on vehicle at curb weight mass
|
Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses
|
Trailers |
Headlamps |
On the front, each headlamp providing
the upper beam, at the same height, 1 on each side of the vertical
centerline, each headlamp providing the lower beam, at the same
height, 1 on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart
as practicable. See also S7. |
Not required. |
Not less than 559 mm (22
inches), nor more than 1 372 mm (54 inches).
|
Tail lamps |
On the rear, 1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
On the rear, 1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
Not less than 380 mm (15
inches), nor more than 1 830 mm (72 inches).
|
Stop lamps |
On the rear, 1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
On the rear, 1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
Not less than 380 mm (15
inches), nor more than 1 830 mm (72 inches).
|
License plate lamp |
At rear license plate, to illuminate
the plate from the top or sides. |
At rear license plate, to illuminate
the plate from the top or sides. |
No requirement. |
Backup lamp |
On the rear. |
Not required. |
No requirement. |
Turn signal lamps |
At or near the front - 1 amber on
each side of the vertical centerline, at the same height, and
as far apart as practicable.
On the rear - 1 red or amber on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
On the rear - 1 red or amber on
each side of the vertical centerline, at the same height, and
as far apart as practicable. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 2 110 mm (83 inches). |
Identification lamps |
On the front and rear - 3 lamps,
amber in front, red in rear, as close as practicable to the top
of the vehicle, at the same height, as close as practicable to
the vertical centerline, with lamp centers spaced not less than
150 mm (6 inches) or more than 300 mm (12 inches)
apart. Alternatively, the front lamps may be located as close
as practicable to the top of the cab. |
On the rear - 3 lamps as close as
practicable to the top of the vehicle at the same height, as close
as practicable to the vertical centerline, with lamp centers spaced
not less than 150 mm (6 inches) or more than 300 mm
(12 inches) apart. |
No requirement. |
Clearance lamps |
On the front and rear - 2 amber
lamps on front, 2 red lamps on rear, to indicate the overall width
of the vehicle, one on each side of the vertical centerline, at
the same height, and as near the top as practicable. |
On the front and rear - 2 amber
lamps on front, 2 red lamps on rear, to indicate the overall width
of the vehicle, one on each side of the vertical centerline, at
the same height, and as near the top as practicable. |
No requirement. |
Intermediate side marker lamps |
On each side - 1 amber lamp located
at or near the midpoint between the front and rear side marker
lamps. |
On each side - 1 amber lamp located
at or near the midpoint between the front and rear side marker
lamps. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches).
|
Intermediate side reflex reflectors
|
On each side - 1 amber located
at or near the midpoint between the front and rear side reflex
reflectors.
|
On each side - 1 amber located
at or near the midpoint between the front and rear side reflex
reflectors.
|
Not less than 380 mm (15
inches), nor more than 1 530 mm (60 inches).
|
Conspicuity
|
See S5.7
|
See S5.7
|
See S5.7
|
Reflex reflectors
|
On the rear - 1 red on each side
of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable, and at
the same height.
On each side - 1 red as far to the rear as practicable,
and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable. |
On the rear - 1 red on each side
of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable, and at
the same height.
On each side - 1 red as far to the rear as practicable,
and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 1 530 mm (60 inches)
|
Side marker lamps
|
On each side - 1 red as far to
the rear as practicable, and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable.
|
On each side - 1 red as far to
the rear as practicable, and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable.
|
Not less than 380 mm (15
inches), and on the rear of trailers, not more than 1 530
mm (60 inches).
|
|
|
TABLE III: REQUIRED MOTOR VEHICLE LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
All Passenger Cars and Motorcycles, and Multipurpose
Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Buses and Trailers of Less Than 2.05
m (80 inches) Overall Width
Item |
Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles,
trucks, and buses |
Trailers |
Motorcycles |
Applicable SAE standard or recommended practice
(See S5 for subreferenced SAE materials) |
Headlamps |
See S7. |
None. |
See S7.9. |
For motorcycles only: J566, January 1960.
|
Tail lamps |
2 red |
2 red |
1 red |
J585e, September 1977. |
Stop lamps |
2 red |
2 red |
1 red |
SAE J586, February 1984. |
High-mounted stop lamp |
1 red |
Not required |
Not required |
J186a, September 1977. |
License plate lamp |
1 white |
1 white |
1 white |
J587, October 1981. |
Parking lamps |
2 amber or white |
None |
None |
J222, December 1970. |
Reflex reflectors |
4 red; 2 amber |
4 red; 2 amber |
3 red; 2 amber |
J594f, January 1977. |
Intermediate side reflex reflectors
|
2 amber |
2 amber |
None |
J594f, January 1977. |
Intermediate side marker lamps |
2 amber |
2 amber |
None |
J592e, July 1972. |
Side marker lamps |
2 red; 2 amber |
2 red; 2 amber |
None |
J592e, July 1972. |
Backup lamp |
1 white |
None |
None |
J593c, February 1968. |
Turn signal lamps |
2 red or amber; 2 amber |
2 red or amber |
2 amber; 2 red or amber |
SAE J588, November 1984. |
Turn signal operating unit |
1 |
None |
1 |
J589, April 1964. |
Turn signal flasher |
1 |
None |
1 |
J590b, October 1965. |
Vehicular hazard warning signal
operating unit |
1 |
None |
None |
J910, January 1966. |
Vehicular hazard warning signal
flasher |
1 |
None |
None |
J945, February 1966. |
|
|
TABLE IV: LOCATION OF REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
All Passenger Cars and Motorcycles, and Multipurpose Passenger
Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers,and Buses of Less Than 2.05 m (80
inches) Overall Width
Item |
Location on - |
Height above road surface measured from center of item on vehicle
at curb weight mass |
Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers,
and buses |
Motorcycles |
Headlamps |
On the front, each headlamp providing
the upper lower beam, at the same height,
1 on each side of the vertical centerline, each headlamp providing
the lower upper beam, at the same height,
1 on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable.
See also S7. |
See S7.9. |
Not
less than 559 mm (22 inches), nor more than 1 372
mm (54 inches). |
Tail lamps |
On the rear-1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable. |
On the rear-on the vertical centerline
except that if two are used, they shall be symmetrically disposed
about the vertical centerline. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 1 830 mm (72 inches). |
Stop lamps |
On the rear-1 on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable. |
On the rear-on the vertical centerline
except that if two are used, they shall be symmetrically disposed
about the vertical centerline. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 1 830 mm (72 inches). |
High-mounted stop lamp |
On the rear, on the vertical centerline
(See S5.1.1.27, S5.3.1.8, and Table III). |
Not required. |
See S5.3.1.8 for passenger cars.
Not less than 860 mm (34 inches) for multipurpose passenger
vehicles, trucks, and buses. |
License plate lamp |
At rear license plate, to illuminate
the plate from the top or sides. |
At rear license plate. |
No requirement. |
Parking lamps |
On the front - 1 on each side of
the vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart
as practicable. |
Not required. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 1 830 mm (72 inches). |
Reflex reflectors |
On the rear - 1 red on each side
of the vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart
as practicable.
On each side - 1 red as far to the rear as practicable,
and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable. |
On the rear - 1 red on the vertical
centerline except that, if two are used on the rear, they shall
be symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline.
On each side - 1 red as far to the rear as practicable,
and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 1 530 mm (60 inches). |
Backup lamp |
On the rear. |
Not required. |
No requirement. |
Turn signal lamps |
At or near the front - 1 amber on
each side of the vertical centerline, at the same height, and
as far apart as practicable.
On the rear - 1 red or amber on each side of the
vertical centerline, at the same height, and as far apart as practicable.
|
At or near the front - 1 amber on
each side of the vertical centerline at the same height, and having
a minimum horizontal separation distance (centerline of lamps)
of 400 mm (16 inches). Minimum edge to edge separation
distance between lamp and headlamp is 100 mm (4 inches).
At or near the rear - 1 red or amber on each side
of the vertical centerline, at the same height and having a minimum
horizontal separation distance (centerline to centerline of lamps)
of 230 mm (9 inches). Minimum edge to edge separation distance
between lamp and tail or stop lamp is 100 mm (4 inches), when
a single stop and tail lamp is installed on the vertical centerline
and the turn signal lamps are red.
|
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches),
nor more than 2 110 mm (83 inches). |
Side marker lamps |
On each side - 1 red as far to the
rear as practicable, and 1 amber as far to the front as practicable. |
Not required. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches). |
Intermediate side marker lamps |
On each side - 1 amber located at
or near the midpoint between the front and rear side marker lamps. |
Not required. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches). |
Intermediate side reflex reflectors |
On each side - 1 amber located at
or near the midpoint between the front and rear side reflex reflectors. |
Not required. |
Not less than 380 mm (15 inches)
nor more than 1 530 mm (60 inches). |
|
Notes (1), (2), and (3): [DELETED]
ENDNOTES:
* Please see
subsection 2(1) of the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for the
applicable definition.
** Marginal notes that appear within parentheses ( ) refer to section
108 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations, whereas those that
appear within braces { } refer to section
108.1.
|