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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 The clinical manifestations of this infection have a range and typically include impairment of smell, taste disturbance, cough, fever, and shortness of breath Gastrointestinal manifestations have been reported in anywhere from 3% to 50% of patients with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection Abnormalities in coagulation markers have been reported in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 During this article, we will introduce a patient with COVID 19 but with the most manifestation of abdominal pain due to intestinal ischemia and mesenteric vascular thrombosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases is the property of Iranian Association of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
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Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease in the World and some patients are asymptomatic In this report, we present an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient detected as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning Case report: A 76-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with the complaint of syncope cause of carbon monoxide poisoning In further investigations, COVID-19 was detected in the patient Conclusion: We describe the first COVID-19 patient presenting as carbon monoxide poisoning in literature
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As of late 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) -that started in China- has rapidly afflicted all over the world The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health-care facilities to provide optimal care In this context, cancer care requires special attention because of its peculiar status by including patients who are commonly immunocompromised and treatments that are often highly toxic In this review article, we have classified the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncology practices -followed by their solutions- into ten categories, including impacts on (1) health care providers, (2) medical equipment, (3) access to medications, (4) treatment approaches, (5) patients' referral, (6) patients' accommodation, (7) patients' psychological health, (8) cancer research, (9) tumor board meetings, and (10) economic income of cancer centers The effective identification and management of all these challenges will improve the standards of cancer care over the viral pandemic and can be a practical paradigm for possible future crises
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 900,000 deaths globally The risk of mortality is higher for people with pre-existing conditions such as cancers, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes for which tobacco use is a known risk factor We conducted a study to explore how efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda have been integrated with tobacco control policies to generate evidence to inform policy decisions about the public health response in general and tobacco control interventions in particular Methods: We conducted a desk based review of 'grey' literature data sources (i e data that were not included in peer reviewed journals) with information about tobacco and COVID-19 in Uganda Data were also obtained from stakeholders involved tobacco control via an online survey and telephone interviews Findings: A total of 136 data sources were identified, of which 107 were eligible for data extraction The online stakeholder consultation involved invitations to 61 participants of whom 33 (54%) took part via the online survey while 5 (8 2%) opted for telephone interviews In the context of the COVID-19 prevention interventions, social media can be a powerful platform for communicating anti-tobacco messages such as the vulnerability of tobacco users to COVID-19 and the exacerbated disease severity among COVID-19 patients with history of tobacco use Two thirds (n=20, 65%) of survey respondents expected a tobacco tax increase to address health, economic and wider policy impacts of the COVID-19 crisis Conclusions: Advocacy should be conducted for taxation of tobacco products to reduce consumption and generate revenue to support public health investments Public health institutions involved in the COVID-19 response should reject donations from the tobacco industry and its allies as is stipulated in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Uganda Tobacco Control Act 2015 The COVID-19 pandemic also offers an opportunity to promote tobacco cessation and strengthening tobacco control policy implementation by recognizing the role of tobacco use in exacerbating COVID-19 health outcomes
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OBJECTIVE: Because of the limited treatment options available, oral lopinavir/ritonavir (LPR) was used for treating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pediatric patients This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of LPR in COVID-19 pediatric patients with mild symptoms PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter analysis included hospitalized children with mild COVID-19 who received LPR at one of 13 hospitals in China from January 1, 2020, to June 1, 2020 Patients treated with LPR were matched with patients not treated with LPR (1:4) according to age, sex, and length of symptom onset and hospitalization Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were applied to compare differences between groups Kaplan-Meier probability curves and Cox regression models were used to analyze nasal swab turning negative time (recovery time) and hospital discharge days RESULTS: In total, 23 patients treated with LPR were matched with 92 untreated controls The median age of patients was 6 years, and 56 52% of them were male All patients were discharged from the hospital after being cured The treatment group had a longer nasal swab turning negative time (hazard ratio [HR] 5 33;95% CI: 1 94-14 67;p = 0 001) than the control group LPR treatment was also associated with a longer hospitalization time (HR 2 01;95% CI: 1 24-3 29;p = 0 005) After adjusting for the influence of LPR treatment, adverse drug reaction events were associated with a longer nasopharyngeal swab negative time (HR 4 67;95% CI 1 35-16 11;p = 0 015) CONCLUSIONS: For children with mild COVID-19, LPR is inferior to conventional treatment in reducing virus shedding time and hospitalization duration and is associated with increased adverse reactions
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OBJECTIVE: List the clinical data of the role of remdesivir in COVID-19, and try to make an objective evaluation and analyze its feasibility MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords of "remdesivir", "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2" were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science After removing the repetitions, we summarize articles, letters, and comments on remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 RESULTS: In this review, we summarize clinical case of using remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19, analyzed the final treatment results, and judged whether the drug was effective for the treatment of COVID-19 Also, attention was paid to the side effects of the drug CONCLUSIONS: According to the clinical results, it was found that remdesivir was effective in the treatment of COVID-19 The drug has side effects, but the symptoms were mild and disappeared immediately after discontinuation of medication
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OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains clear, and no effective treatment exists SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19 and uses ACE2 as a cell receptor to invade human cells Therefore, ACE2 is a key factor to analyze the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 9,783 sequencing results of different organs, analyzed the effects of different ACE2 expression patterns in organs and immune regulation RESULTS: We found that ACE2 expression was significantly increased in the lungs and digestive tract The cellular immunity of individuals with elevated ACE2 expression is activated, whereas humoral immunity is dampened, leading to the release of many inflammatory factors dominated by IL6 Furthermore, by studying the sequencing results of SARS-CoV-2-infected and uninfected cells, IL6 was found to be an indicator of a significant increase in the number of infected cells However, although patients with high expression of ACE2 will release many inflammatory factors dominated by IL6, cellular immunity in the colorectum is significantly activated This effect may explain why individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have severe lung symptoms and digestion issues, which are important causes of milder symptoms CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that ACE2 and IL6 inhibitors have important value in COVID-19
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OBJECTIVE: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people have been infected with thousands of deaths Few data regarding factors that increase the risk of infection are available Our study aimed to evaluate all people living in retirement homes (PLRNH) and identify factors that could increase infection risk in a close community MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study enrolling all PLRNH, where at least one SARS-CoV-2 infected person was present Variables were compared with Student's t-test or Pearson chi-square test as appropriate Uni- and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate variables' influence on the infection RESULTS: We included 452 PLRNH;144 (31 7%) were male, with a mean age of 82 2+/-8 6 years People with a positive swab for SARS-CoV-2 were 306 (67 4%) A significant difference between SARS-CoV-2 infected and not infected was observed in the percentage of those receiving chronic treatment with Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (18 6% vs 9 5%, p=0 012) On the contrary, there was no difference in the proportion of those receiving ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) (21 2% vs 23 6%, p=0 562) At multivariate analysis, people with mental illness and cancer had an increased risk of being infected Furthermore, receiving ARBs as a chronic treatment was an independent predictor of infection risk [OR 1 95 (95% CI 1 03-3 72) p=0 041] CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that, in close communities, such as retirement nursing homes, the receipt of ARBs increased the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection However, before changing an important chronic treatment in a fragile population, such as the elderly living in retirement nursing homes, clinicians should carefully evaluate the risk-benefit ratio
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OBJECTIVE: From the beginning of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic in the world, much efforts have been accomplished to explain a precise clinical feature for the disease and to find the best therapeutic approach for the patients Although coagulation abnormalities have found in novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) patients, still little is known about the association between the disease and changes in coagulation parameters Our purpose is to evaluate the differences between the coagulation parameters between COVID-19 patients and healthy counterparts PATIENTS AND METHODS: 63 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were admitted to the present study We evaluated coagulation value in these patients and in 40 healthy individuals RESULTS: We found that although there was no significant difference between PT and PTT values in patients and healthy counterparts, the fibrinogen values in patients were higher than the control group (p < 0 05) Moreover, the values of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer in all COVID-19 cases were considerably higher than those in control people (p < 0 05) Of note, FDP and D-dimer in patients with regular COVID-19 infection were lower than patients with severe forms CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the conduction of routine blood coagulation test could be a beneficial supplementary approach for early diagnosis of COVID-19 In addition, our study shed more light on the therapeutic value of anti-coagulant-based treatment for COVID-19 patients, especially for those with severe type of the disease
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization (FDA-EUA) authorized point-of-care tests (POCTs) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published till August 10, 2020 We included studies providing information regarding diagnostic test accuracy of FDA-EUA POCTs for SARS-CoV-2 detection The methodologic quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool The review protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (protocol number CRD42020202248) RESULTS: We included 26 studies describing a total of 3242 samples The summary sensitivity and specificity were 0 94 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0 88-0 97] and 1 00 (95% CI: 0 99-1 00), respectively The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 1 00 (95% CI: 0 99-1 00) A pooled analysis based on the index test revealed a summary sensitivity and specificity of Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 [0 99 (95% CI: 0 97-1 00) and 0 99 (95% CI: 0 94-1 00, respectively)] and ID NOW COVID-19 [0 78 (95% CI: 0 74-0 82) and 1 00 (95% CI: 0 98-1 00), respectively] CONCLUSIONS: FDA-EUA POCTs, especially molecular assays, have high sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 If approved, FDA-EUA POCTs can provide a rapid and practical way to identify infected individuals early on and help to limit the strain on the healthcare system However, more high-quality clinical data are required to support our results
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OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the effects of psychological intervention on alleviating anxiety in patients in novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) isolation wards PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 24th, 2020 and March 5th, 2020, 103 patients were studied Among these, 32 were patients in the isolation ward of the Infectious Disease Department in Baoding Second Hospital with suspected 2019-nCoV, and 71 patients diagnosed with 2019-nCoV were in the Tangshan Infectious Disease Hospital Of the 103 patients included, 97 cases were observed in isolation Using a self-control study design, each patient's anxiety was scored on a self-rating anxiety scale before receiving the psychological intervention (on the 7th day of isolation) and after receiving the intervention (on the 14th day of isolation) The severity of anxiety was evaluated based on the anxiety score before receiving the intervention The anxiety scores before and after receiving the intervention were then compared using the paired t-test, and p<0 05 was considered statistically significant RESULTS: After receiving the psychological intervention once or twice a week, the anxiety of the patients improved significantly after one week CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety of patients with 2019-nCoV in isolation wards can be alleviated through psychological intervention By alleviating patient anxiety, this intervention also helps patients maintain their psychological wellbeing, which promotes rehabilitation and helps with the control of 2019-nCoV
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Introduction The article analyzes the anti-plague efforts launched in the Kalmyk Steppe in 1914 The topic remains understudied in domestic historiography, and only a few papers dealing with Kalmykia’s public healthcare history contain occasional mentions of some epidemic diseases So, the 1914 plague epidemic has been overlooked as well And the study proves even more relevant nowadays when humanity is globally facing COVID-19 threats Goals The paper specifically aims to provide insight ― on the basis of primary archival sources newly introduced into scientific circulation ― to the struggle against plague in the Kalmyk Steppe in June and July of 1914 Materials and Methods The work employs general scientific and specifically historical methods, with emphasis be laid on the principle of historicism, method of systemic analysis, and interdisciplinary approach The latter is particularly important when it comes to examine an epidemic in a nomadic society across arid territories ― and all that took place over 100 years ago The article deals with archival documents stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Kalmyk People’s Administration collection) Those files included in the catalogue of Public Healthcare Department contain materials on three episodes of plague in June and July of 1914, and prove instrumental in reconstructing the actual events in detail Results The article chronicles the dramatic vicissitudes of the 1914 plague epidemic in Kalmykia, and shows that all required and justified disinfection measures were assumed, e g , a strict quarantine was established in the affected areas, sick individuals were isolated and healthy ones evacuated to a safe distance The doctors were conducting a total inspection of the population in areas adjacent to those of outbreaks, which was followed by two more weeks of observations © KalmSC RAS, 2020
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The continuing outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia is globally concerning Timely detection of infection ensures prompt quarantine of patient which is crucial for preventing the rapid spread of this contagious disease and also supports the patient with necessary medication Due to the high infection rate of COVID-19, our health management system needs an automatic diagnosis tool that equips the health workers to pay immediate attention to the needy person Chest CT is an essential imaging technique for diagnosis and staging of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) The identification of COVID-19 CT findings assists health workers on further clinical evaluation, especially when the findings on CT scans are trivial, the person may be recommended for Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests Literature reported that the ground-glass opacity (GGO) with or without consolidation are dominant CT findings in COVID-19 patients In this paper, the UNet based segmentation approach is proposed to automatically segment and analyze the GGO and consolidation findings in the chest CT scan The performance of this system is evaluated by comparing the auto-segmented infection regions with the manually-outlines ones on 100 axial chests CT scans of around 40 COVID-19 patients from SIRM dataset The proposed U-Net with pre-process approach yields specificity of 0 91 ± 0 09 and sensitivity of 0 87 ± 0 07 on segmenting GGO region and specificity of 0 81 ± 0 13 and sensitivity of 0 44 ± 0 17 on segmenting consolidation region Also the experimental results confirmed that the automatic detection method identifies the CT finding with a precise opacification percentage from the chest CT image © University of Tehran, Faculty of Management
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Elevated ozone (O3) near the earth’s surface causes adverse impacts on human health and vegetation, besides impacting air chemistry and climate Intense lockdown to contain the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) offered a rare opportunity to delineate the anthropogenic impact on urban O3 build-up In this regard, we incorporated observations of chemical species and environmental conditions into a photochemical box model (NCAR Master Mechanism) to study the O3 changes at a semi-arid urban site in western India (Ahmedabad;23°N, 72 6°E) In contrast with primary pollutants, daytime O3 build-up is observed to be enhanced during the lockdown by ~39% Model, driven by lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the lockdown, also simulated enhanced O3 (by ~41%) showing the role of nonlinear dependence of O3 on NOx Further, a sensitivity simulation unravelled an important role of the meteorological changes in the O3 enhancement (by ~16%) during the lockdown The results highlight that the lockdown impacts can be modulated profoundly by the complex chemistry plus meteorological changes, offsetting the benefits of lower precursor levels in the context of O3 pollution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
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The nationwide lockdown was implemented in India from 25 March 2020 onwards to control the spread of deadly Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) A sudden shutdown of anthropogenic activities resulted in abrupt decrease of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across the Indian region OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) tropospheric column NO2 observations show significantly decreased values during 2020 compared to previous years during 25 March to 19 April The spatiotemporal variation of tropospheric column NO2 difference between 2020 and average 2017–2019 shows reduction by more than 1 × 1015 molecules/cm² over the Indo Gangetic Plain, eastern and southern India due to lockdown However, the western Indian region shows slight enhancement which may be attributed to combined effect of transport of polluted air from Middle East and Pakistan, and relatively higher biomass burning activity during 2020 A significant reduction is also observed on the surface distribution of NOx (NO + NO2) over different Indian cities due to COVID-19 lockdown Maximum reduction in daily average surface NOx is observed over Kolkata (65 2 ± 18 7 ppbv to 30 3 ± 4 6 ppbv) followed by New Delhi (38 8 ± 17 5 ppbv to 11 5 ± 2 9 ppbv) which may be attributed to vehicle fleet, type of fuel used, power plants and industrial emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
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In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations and spectral absorption properties across Indian mainland during the nation-wide lockdown (LD) in connection with the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic The LD had brought near to total cut-off of emissions from industrial, traffic (road, railways, marine and air) and energy sectors, though the domestic emissions remained fairly unaltered This provided a unique opportunity to delineate the impact of fossil fuel combustion sources on atmospheric BC characteristics In this context, the primary data of BC measured at the national network of aerosol observatories (ARFINET) under ISRO-GBP are examined to assess the response to the seizure of emissions over distinct geographic parts of the country Results indicate that average BC concentrations over the Indian mainland are curbed down significantly (10–40%) from prelockdown observations during the first and most intense phase of lockdown This decline is significant with respect to the long-term (2015–2019) averaged (climatological mean) values The drop in BC is most pronounced over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (>60%) and north-eastern India (>30%) during the second phase of lockdown, while significant reduction is seen during LD1 (16–60%) over central and peninsular Indian as well as Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions Despite such a large reduction, the absolute magnitude of BC remained higher over the IGP and north-eastern sites compared to other parts of India Notably, the spectral absorption index of aerosols changed very little over most of the locations, indicating the still persisting contribution of fossil-fuel emissions over most of the locations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )